An Introduction to the Finite Element Method Third Edition J. N. REDDY Department of Mechanical Engineering Texas A&M University College Station, Texas, USA 77843 is Boston Burr Ridge, |L Dubuque, |A Madison, WI New York San Francisco St. Louis, Bangkok Bogota Caracas KualaLumpur Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan Montreal New Delhi Santiago Seoul Singapore Sydney Taipei TorontoABOUT THE AUTHOR Titi hse Dae of Mc Ec ee A tite ‘unt ta nap of et an ta arm oma hd yam the se th sh xeon era Re at oe say banana ep ss of ed ue an ura of Carat cee Sica eal ra of ra in aCONTENTS ‘Vaal aba iosSexi ker ira autem One Dimes Me Showtime Second-Order Dirt Equations in One Dimes AppletI Ghat any Ah San tenn ee 323 Inga btn ia od (6 geal and Tie Dependent abe# tees, {26 Ain oe 1 Computer ipleneiaton oon = Vale Probln i Te Dimeaone2) pt ne = sn tn Nae ct susie = 2 om s Pt mpi Pi >11 Pane His NS Sian timc nn na "3 tomer 12 heading of Hie Pate «esCampaterImpenentation To Dimensona Probe 13 ce Preadeto van Tops 23 Anand 2, ticker on onPREFACE, ‘Sosy mam need nny en re ene ‘ict ocn a tyeager coer esckobslfenentapd a co “tan ein apr eae Ce we net mt aii fm pie a) as eine a etch me pe tl lal ep el [Simro hsm it oss bn ne teat pps Mop Ts unl se eyes spo ts cos taga ter it om ven stm ronan omeronanye tat cer spot ee euismod nus ae ‘Stina ers shy wn ec tw moero a ae sh ety ‘Siphon Hom ret se Fai ee Cobre Ue Soil, ee Neh era Ua fy ti tants (stern wt maChapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 GENERAL COMMENTS nef et pe ng aie ce ol pd pe Sa va ay ace toon eames {fect ra cnt ca wih en oe ES tetra itl a essa ‘inser Dan aes tins spe hey Spe ee “ndumer tene n pc mchca ema ane tej ae ina ee oat tin op et 155 se crc y my ces ir snr eed en pd ‘parm compel aC he peer he te Sr nbcleytely Ove bitten dis nome coopera ine ‘swe seo TS ie Lo on pong ty of iy nce Sic dmc nd imi tata as gs antiga sel Sense oy Same ote, eye ne ene Mg ta at ne at in oy al ma‘pat pasha Sonaatg ae pcs ay mac Nc ‘Recife a ncn em Ji senoet tsi peer ued etre coe eye pe ‘acl a tot tren male rea serpy see hae ence ‘ay tv chien ero theme te pen oo mm eon ‘Sop maps et re ‘er te dem ae pal gig Pts Ta ‘ements an mae smo yl eee Ine Sig and maar ene es ct = Be se, ‘ropa ct rm tne on cma, alse lls oneal Maelo ‘ecm etd mae gn mn rr ge ‘Stnutctect titty pee 12 MATHEMATIEAL MODELS mal md a My dead at fn it tp te ‘Acai ceil yon treo a eae er Te ‘theta yc prea en de a St ‘irs nt moccasin armen ‘elemecones eke bow wera tne gle ener om a ‘Cie a lacs or mat ms Posten rte1.3 NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS ‘Wie dete sre sims fr en enn nt dy hs, ‘Ns ete oe a oe a os eat oe ee eee reel ni er ‘Sigs mu a a fe, termes oe tase ends a ‘itera eta te te icene ppt tie pe, Pel gh ae) eae tic i tint rch ‘Sema Treg gare pm ae lof hs tied ineing teeny io Thee na he pr ai mnie po mone oes amy ae Petes toil qty ache ‘spi mca wget gr andere epee ae ‘i een. at er satis al se ‘Ekg cc we ma ch ny im Sct ep cio eo wien a ares neem deem pn aed tte em ic nl 2 tt, mmr oa tt14 THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD osprey ean acme Sigel cal a ek ‘Sone anil ns teat pea nee ems FETE eter nt ls no hos ‘he td nbd ih Sin te a ct acy chrcommany maakt meee Sam the eh ‘Seecintig Licey pret on solcf ponnyap ‘nso ce Le ah me nam el end ‘tninagentmanmany He beeen he peme ‘Sic accel ofa Sed etc ec nee ie cee ‘ewe dcp sees Tovctpl pit ftw Somaya cag ang sn Ite The stem oy mma oe se ae ale ‘ice corto tyne snes Pas year ence ners ape: T dt ke sii myn of ae Senapes he short cn de Typ a ee sae (atusyienecipreuctlene itn aura eterna wo-Se seet atm minh oi ath scot atnerconhimton nnn cin teins, (Sie X@) Alatacnsesamng tr unecnnotcemwetn ‘hatha he png ean weasel nee cet Te ‘tosimao actors enw emt ed wig ‘Stepney Tae thy a rao Te “msm cnn ue cs emetic ela ‘Mtaiaculuiopaciargnh Paty omens toreetin scat ‘emt gus Cova aa ar aca aoe, Mi tema a oe than ep ech a eS spon | ‘ites an emi af en tae id ‘sien nec hershey an ae at nnn ach inc oh|1 trot Sr errata \haegmennercenye pecan Sacra tepaceaein ae Sweet i iain of Sorcestrree sneer sereneme neces tetas‘acne tp tonne Foreman ro sr iene snr eee 2 Cit ual ld pts cope & Pewee oa Maes ye cose we meet ‘theorem cones etme en ‘ated woot cetyl cond ‘ptt e wiedonan fennel eps eon at Seen nai cn ma SStzeousd5ceniureesde mes fos poiny cara: ttf al vans ern et, Mat an as isa ‘Tico ge pan apm Pei anit an cnet em 7p in oe nas tn ny i yah iy al case cn pen Seubert snp net pear na ea yon nina br cn ape,1. fine gn, se ein a tn Seeley ay el ape ist cl ruil ha a on ee Somethin 1 Ae een hoy nd ee hes Satay ning tye opined nt tc reins ‘suntan of he Ty psd ete ry et ‘pany egret ae nto ‘Eiht ome ins beefs heat cr amy SFLyachth et ent mad er amet ed a“Tar Clog, Mr, Togp (1950 el nee Key (ah Te ie ‘ews wal by hgh Sine sone me ‘SSocTopcaun tener yee cn pa ‘Siminny mnt ht oh gta oe, a eae edhe et ne nce te ewe by Bas {pb nets cts ain nse nme soy ac 1.5 THE PRESENT STUDY Tite antgyat src Mo sy Sateen ten rin pera af tae clement metho. pet a he ses sj! oc Kiensle hemor be mabe re com ine pc Festool aaltepet A 146 SUMMARY Scene hy sa mmo math en 2st wn se tf ste tr oc esos, Maen sett So ron ae ED'S omy coms ol soe The med cc 1 Tein aie bn esa acl ip hea2 Ora ni tne. ea cen pe ted ter ahr) afb sera el eet tna eset So 1. Te cle quay eee con a Tf ye art Se sSeatchrat a ast pete say te Oe mcr wey snes em he peng Keeanlcgtin Caper? toa each owns np a ‘Somnalqunas a erin me rein saeco ua eo ast yt ts sutton te ean ne era ea ‘ett Tepes Sen ‘Nieph eeClein meer nd pen spent apy ‘Sazmmet hte amen en php mt anan REST nie ert Se cto a ca OF or ot ie ene mt at fom Seat ma re pert pvt cope eo tons ‘Sergei cm om bs sh PROBLEMS.ggasi ements nes emo an fom yer oft canta sree eee aan tfshilavnart asf) sun) hcttepdinsgtin i nce, Ne AMINA gestae emcee oO [REFERENCES FOR ADDITIONAL READINGChapter 2 MATHEMATICAL PRELIMINARIES, INTEGRAL FORMULATIONS, AND. VARIATIONAL METHODS. au ENERAL INFRODUCTION 1 Vint rcs an Mebs mos of x el aig pssm thn, Tr on i cl et a ‘SUNSRGTic acme Sear am ses tte ‘eimai ae ea eH itech waif Rely bc din i oe eer, nN ‘cle eof sesh mateo oe atin yo nial la wena ples t mxm neo ss Sante tncnet tpi npsne nc wenarec equi ingore eta wad a te eared toe mae = eee ees erty ey nee rar ‘Sen 8) te ato et econ es may (eae sng ama sete Ws eye TS Renn a oa hecomene ee Te x ‘etm achat touchy mde seinem ose 2.8 Nr Wie net mets Eno au Saaremaa dnt co Ter ne tn nant te cies srcng echoSec Seer poi pe ips "Cm pen aking ot ge fom=sin) tederct law “ae edn aye petcee iin na tere tine akan ct ‘Steinem ch a af aan ssrcvayninnrend eels Thect sh aomatne rata ‘Stayt eet mt nikon ep en wee wien 2.2 SOME MATHEMATICAL CONCEPTS AND FORMULAE 221 Comite sem ante Da peta Intempo ctenane ‘trate tld apa nse sp ee he ss wc te a ass i a et ant ‘tension coraunc em, Whe eas ne weet lenges Spelt easy ene ee ad 8.6) aay ‘ce = 1.2. mona an we tecepndig acon Tie became tn amyl waite A ‘hacdncpm aren qaecocnctdaae yn any ye eetean pf cme he id ae sf me ico feces ‘teal enc sme ry wns epee in ‘ope my nde a ya he a Intact Ta eta oe "Fe i pdt” ad "pnt fe vs igh and amanda afte) mn i nLdaseeyo earssteapetng ht enim el ply ‘ee ine tanger ape ct Ze hestatagicegenn estar nance _ uc nin ng sta) 2.23 any Va gan rte ‘ect mo any ny mie oe cnc pe iSite greedy nate en ps ped han aed rcs rb then si nn Suivameat a= aUr. a . ica cpr tines reese oer op ad ig met223 ELEMENTS OF CAL-CULLIS OF VARIATIONS ‘ypc tb psd he ner on ef Syn Sr sl ae cha ce yo i te Fic ont heh Ral pono Shinar miso nt Mpeg en he pene Siesta tte ese et ise ammo wd eae 2.82 Veriton Optra i tion Pan cevid hc ugervmerwhses econo suet Laser tty te 22 ni ie tact nc a ‘etn Scio. Sonecnt ee ei of a ee pinhacntia omtcpinsene Reg rin gor, Claw nhc set pn eo a apn i ‘eh tan ae ew Fore il open cam th ea eg ope (hag mort eee onde OT nant roecien So cash a niente ueSafe ead sleet mele eee Barone ffawnsicae Ie fas try et con oral he fl a ‘Acoli seg nay, 7 Sse an ig fp fa pt hoe sen pe a ene [inte marnan=0 oe 2.4 he te ge ‘Scere pt gon alate ebm anim son frau wants oe fete) oes) Fee) ae pe smeSenso asus iv ldoiew~ heheh enone ene gees frm ccd conse tne # mu Guedes Sue ty Be) sent tri 21 Theo ‘sepa Escaly rns th gy esate ‘Stn nd been ohare ep ne ‘ton pty neat Ta ne ntl Manas Conds malay amy on peti ay oo Seinen Scene hay ‘he tn Md Bane pense wh ot sey tr tlw ny coy ‘th sg tn opi in a ‘ben any onan Sig te ott earn ‘ony een nc tna i, Th oy ‘oo 138 enh ing epee ‘Sc on ncn nse at i yetion 233) an 23.38) mown ea em, condi os,Insel i nny sr Tm; nlf py ici is ‘emtibrny codon oehcan af tn reso rl ‘Somat te amp ny pi ty pm te may ee ise oan ml fone ny es be2.36 Manton ape “pec iim omy la ac ei ‘ice yicpa sonst ne teal dae ay, Sizes een ean opener he ‘Soc mace acy eens hace ees ‘Pe my esos sos cmb dy ‘i me poi aa ember ae (Spence pce epi ential ab tein ‘ety emmanuel sl prise npton inte (telco ime ont ma nas ne ‘ates na pent eth Wap aed adit eet pe gal fo es ops ‘econ sins wt sah acconacm eh) =e ess)en eye ss cn hy ee ‘ec, ely Fb wen a ee ppd ‘heey a sch me ee on een csi aa ndarot netomat sw svyeinaa ex soars faba casey nya yr pat es E255) 218 st rc ¥en 20) Ramee a ee axe ero. ah gag gis or aa a ty 2.48, Secs yee sang pc i wae ah2 INTEGRAL FORMULATIONS ‘mee 219 eminent Stowe nie aca vtin On py a ‘Shomer he orem us Sne he ie ose ewe ot ‘Saneppean tansy mccrmescn ‘smut of anecetlepatons,Te ork Rios Sel ed ‘ante inte ad cpee tensed oa ‘Sieh wy cue en sSaton'wacaat ote copuntmapl samme atmo sr Sache Thee wile mee chariniesagt 242 We aga a Woo Fratton a = womm (of)| 0 aun Nl neko ec toe (iaourgi¢in he bmny snus wet he anmoen he sine thd los etc hen, $Mitetomtn son ies =O ott "ene Sota ecm ee sy et dc inital ng nt e ‘tom wen he Uti i net a fete cmc ea ‘rea der ang ein cn anh ‘etme mm cid pes yn gid ter ‘st ptm se ced etn oS i Bee meng smo pl i a ph cn waecn tobe Anas otm tin f° foke~nidefn) Se ia a) Ts ean mn wd ‘tcc econ) apneverter ‘htaon de wc tintony Red ucaecrea ete, ‘neti mate spina na sad inet ‘mince et rs mene mot “Reem i ten ic em te wi ‘Sspestatanon th tun cnt he cena ory tw 1), Fo ‘XeSitmctesmy e Se Saline ae squat ‘wae ety sess uc Sime ws mene ad Stine my om ‘embry nen trp ahs omy td a 1} eet bay cs ee ig Moe ‘hatte tea tse NC orsign te pretense hc ana eG Abneyaaa ex) ene the wp ys pt nc a epee a, vag te wii iam ‘hint ab net nt tf ys ‘molten nye: spor mses ‘yon bn cosa mes ee eo ‘ect ean sayy ey rr Talbermcatthe wea ga same rhewe emt cee rite tenet ‘oat erm etn ese nr tae Bese ee Sint ee acs ope et om mt 2.48 Li a Frm ad Que tal, oictorgeratiastatapene ee itn sepe ewer ete tas wo=fefdcenie, eau) pitechomeeeeiececsann ‘inh cata nm goo ae oi fr ay 1 tne een fa ied a ‘ery ction an nts onda sk Th a ‘She walaasuen fon se "dn inby She roe ana Hin trenton aatanst 247 omen Mid i fs i(@)« Nom wean ee a (2416) of mig ec etki the ino 2 6 cee an info cin aye oa bo fra Dw) acer ‘pete, nec ttl at oe epee ‘et ett eto 2410) eo ‘in er ans a ey 38. 1a crs sa mn el pea cee Stipa) sane 2 wn mens po eee ob higher hese iat im rete tewil ae scm ne i wn ao244 ame emer sengecnae ce ea pai in op p rnlepe epel peer en eeeergege pratt bering ‘sh teem a mg ces Ape cma “ite jose ore pol enn seme doo‘hes cpl ite un! oration fut nk otal stm)‘Reeth porns ve winapi bemeee tt ahem ee eee: ea25 VARIATIONAL METHODS ‘aro in w y e rin eta pnat ce ‘hy ede shen he Spc beat he ‘Sh fe phe Coen Re-aei ‘fem otccmttann te nes outer aon ems 3g. te Rit aoe vm se Se el eine ee spel ee he wk ep) ‘nme epee es mh ahr at chs a ‘echt nya non, Ae ane co gs ‘tec neha et en ean a Rs ate ins of in nimenudeeoedweg ok ee pee nec Set page noe aaa‘Stee tan fm wk Fin he win lea iy nfo in he hme me id ret ion at) ne soa equa ctl fse kg 200 “ fork an ce 50) $e 0.04980 ass) ewan ae ee i i 21 de i isang esta Thee cae cts eer a yn eo cc sy ‘Sr pen 231 yuntom ca ny Meta SSS ao 281 5 sg ) at) asanm one « a J Te ncn on (a1 80.40) He =U oe Kent ess)ShinnWatted eve cnt hres ie sy Heh ac gr un msm mo ay a oon Si NTN he memo ha wb ey a he amy st enc ay nae sad he he si cory spinon mon) os) api ye ‘amar com ta aia kn ety lr (6) mtd repr es emery inte ieee 2. ory Hh A, oe ih ca ns) me Thar nee 2. 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Tec memati iy he pie esl uty cations ‘Wher wel ony out yn ely Sige eb bac cn ase 2.64 Ham esnips fe up te i mtd win, Sovoabe tip peers‘hens ume whorl eto na gig Nt ate en ai iy pce 7. oc‘he acm al ih a apo, ae ln eclampsiafan sh ed cena a ey i a sm nn are oe SND urt 0 acto ec Earp S41 2 interop ash ie sy min armas by hex ata = Stn ea sss) ‘econo /Theiace MU) see ie wed te pai, renon-rea(Sowea)-r40 asian ‘sot sal met them get te pre «ae ete ‘erga ea eva ne weet epee [remecrtidy0 Gaiam assy hn ms ml lan Wi ge Seri py 2.0 stn ay en "int ya 9 he msi ew lt esters mca wih na te nd Intl em fe ia ‘Santen aren eeron ered mca ‘SIS gl ae 20) eps we we an te ‘hon mow ema enve po gpay h e psn See ei ty ey pe (sty he amp to a pnd andy eon be pen The meme fe yw ene he oe em Spas sei i em mtn ed a oe ‘ip mt ah eon Glenna fe eee ‘mormyrid led dnestntaecee eit acsaiaentehth er EL Lanne fanar ana Taps famines Amsae—tites ey ee reeeenereeeeoaee Sannin aaveree amines sche pom 8 (0s yu2}=t,200 mee aon Se issaeaoaromenceas iene [prsteneease ose Wi cnet a ein ew eo ee 2h [-einacpaneo Steaphan1 Weigh eos of toe us 2 tn uy ta ye i wl ns Tie wikia sere a pie i eo eee es suo tr tod canes tee eo ne spree “ht in anon sca ane see “aden equa cer a eta ain at ions cas ‘Ci as pss ih poms lps The operat ‘Tova teed Thc deciles ascot eet ae ‘thew deat yey me There eon et ‘Seon mame es es Soe pve superbe arctan ees Seem mea cach eee st “Ine i ne tio ie oa pre in Seep fd it tT[REFERENCES POR ADDITIONAL READINGChapter 3 SECOND-ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS IN ONE DIMENSION: FINITE ELEMENT MODELSee ermal chi ich et amin eed tet hi i inn stp may ‘Becca inn ce Thee es im ies pane wig ees ee ea 2. 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Aveeno tiny fe ne ier hutch respec een geopccnes Meee ‘bain eon: tins uy ures ar oe a Seren i at sna x sae te Ra ee ‘pitti Caer apa hen ee ‘Sine heh us ata nace eeepc a pete hae tnt lene Solr ie tin ee ane he ‘82 BASIC STEPS OF FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS E(B) ro wot aan1h. snd yt i mn qe pt oem nt en ty ia alse ore eat yas wl hw hc snp one ee {dtr of an fe gal ayer pn pe ‘Sedov ih Att tabi ately By enc) a rte tick Tiron cham rae treGimaose pepe rhea 1me SS po z = ore 82) etn.) a en Md ei fie ere me sari able, he mates ten cone ‘tsp Ss ear an 1) a 15 oe ime Seo oe Inne ene tie on 2 pn Fig 22 ral tes pn md wth mcs a Te olen ot der sma ila i i et wien 238 = Fo, Seo mrs by Stn nese of pone ear secs tt if pc=e stn gt pry tea 3 as{in ite oc ero ln poy cs ope Sita tn aa cr wy wo ‘eee te quae reo stamens ce sng ‘Wg tim med ye dom ee fr tne ne ‘ert tenens eec eny ‘ems Mean ne ut nee ee retin STS a he 28 bration mgt vera eget ey ers mae mete Fee eae ete reaiea is el rene enti» mene Fos rh et Seal sic aphid tal ectieanan ries ‘cpa om (ua 12. is he een mci in nat hh Siete it eters opuien te top pean bel teae i ga fe eA a gn yn te rl wate tre ran when hacen we #f ‘Sehr St ein tw “he ineaep my tales a ef ebayer palin sem had TaisGacwaceeicnnceasa) anti ee G iSee i ene te ean eg Oreo an tn fo ole a re oe he ne etn pe re‘sao min (2.8 hn aa et medina) yee =a te hyn weenie ny ‘merch do panna a ‘Sinn ian Re | teaches aie. aye ek 2 half somqe yl nate op ei 2 a nine he py te a fe ee ‘inact eezeang) mute Septet ca aa ‘tem cin Te ps Yon psi rf ea ot ‘en phar te tn sl te tan ge sry tpg: cn eh ation (212) rove abe een nh hc lt ame ut a nd oa +a + +e sans ba a, = vient 9 sco S oe an t= huienn Ba. sm bet 0 eam se cl eft ren etn mail A Vo tan i) AS seat +0 Fe Lem hnwn ne waseon pr an mee ‘Tele Tanda fo ey ao ale ep fe Shue 2 ete i oe ss ny a te ea esa tnwe otc ann nce fo Wh a ‘Suniel eng eta sn cornteorae ‘Eee nc tic hon ies reps st ihteawtanette teensy von [ies amete and hc 3.215) Tet ff ning 2 aad WlDieione np 24D) Alum popens el sea tet a oh apg nel “he et imeplin aca (3.217 weet ea src erin pe ee Son Bee lw eo eee ass 9 217) ‘moa teat 2a ‘a3 Sm ba yal oe aye» ‘Eres of ed Te hey pi thn pce ie evn of sua a ‘ara, Fer inert ein, wa de ah ne pay We pe ‘escent nsf ema ae unc eine etscant esserezante etn ii. Tent Oa pte kta +r) a Hk AG Woes joer Rs +0) tnt) eR EU I 7 hese + Algor KB Ae ETE IU Ue L408 ects) ‘Srey heameringt eh grit nbn Tc SoCo myc mn ob me as 9 a an seven) fereor a e‘Scope can oh ee 7218 Jan Ob+ ate aims eas al) +R SRO Oe aneeesie‘ee pat a nt ag ep a he a oe Pee ee ec us| ]esiee |" fosetset Fl e TSE oR Socal rin 128 “pe is oe mcd i nb bid dy, Wee a Seiten mente rsa iceman wi con pian alc a oe ic oqedietmet ef ett cme ojo od ‘iat See ft men Tan wee sine ‘iter camer eta amb pe ca ‘sti nen nurmot aetna heen ‘rough naa costco man whet hate ag ‘otune fy me fab gr omedag ae ne deren ‘Seta Ses th senate See Fenn oti ca oo ‘cm ae fhe ae gl ae snlsoo. Wt leet cone de let ce SEINE eg nse) ‘poset site wnt ch ey ty a ta yea atin Rrtonatsaevelahe 24th tele‘nto Mmm hh dy gna 2 "nsummay, sce fe eens areca psn inne Say tps al hae of cm che Rane iy ‘cf men nc a ea rina ole hee ‘Eskew nist temp Wicca pny fl ‘ita tome oon sh ate one eee {25 Imposter Codi 1 ach etn rf er ae pee erin ani nce pany ern cnn te ten et = ging se, ‘etinan cand peso ome a) olseisel-2r ase Bete i emi nan anyone ‘Tico tration rine Uf an 26 Stn of unin ‘Asasndpadue chet sno py pes heen ‘einem es pn ego ae Kyte tanhs Ri ahun mnvee eeuy came nce toe (3:2) fe oo wk sya cmb the donc compro leet ts ae Snes cee ae ell ence ‘Sistine omy vhs can ly comping ti tio, = carnamriestitiele ee ee eee ee tae Gr ee eens ced tee = eS “Ron fhe indo mie a eftwing ts | Cain ein nn is ma * ilps oh nn en 2. andr gpa peoiin ew tweetersee ee eee Soe ee aa an Se Dee oe a ee ee nratehan ot ee Pee prt repre foeacne e e ere aneeear eae mean eie cara ens jortinausd penaoe mates erratic nian enn it Eoicensce cerecote (00) |= eat ‘eta ——(extl)| vctuc= (ea) aang ny 10 28 ghia mpc nent ames hese pete 2 10 Tey ‘eel mit ee nc i ‘Sean og Teor Acs ema cn eo ‘sept ne Then ite he te ee aa sation 23'7 en weceme acetone emt i | ‘Sek spc emetic te dr ‘cos od mene pe Cpr133 SOME REMARKS ‘emer Attu meanest cone toy ae Sate tec em lin omar 2 Sep se. cam ry Te dean of epelehe Fach Sh ly be cme pact nd otc nd font ee ote san ee pe Rema 3h nis da ion 200 a dd a pe panes, view A$ (of) ve ean sy ah ay el pe a dy epg evi sey opera ai Te een papa ‘ren reese ine 2 cmb nayeehe e| ihe Annette sot) ects) Yshen bette mpl on italy com, at tm paneer fare) ono stevenson Peon tas ean ene Renney 23h [rowers [aae-soenaaomes sw ‘qiienc Gan ban be ety abet a Tefcr fe ce pine lig Sera rhein ttn pain ‘sacral nls thle oun erated ely oe he anton ss {nu clini Focal te a ect ag ae ‘Somat 32500 Fr ave om econ attra stain =v gt ‘hei te tre ie ce ening i Mey nein pan tebe do in ene a ee "ids emt cen eo emp an be tH sem of te arc, Si act ei suammmsanecinaltl th oe ‘emer pet = Wenn preg Tes Q— hn fe xtc Opa dain ATE Mer,‘sh er cnt Sia. hee ga ee oe I 1G nde enna 2g Sa” Se Om mami misnomer iow ment kl tar SAcaetewmnhcaantvonl monsetinesaat ne eee ne agra oe pnaunarne nad manger ‘eect of) btm naps a Sa ta te enor 3 Ft rags cet as Ain 0231 a Sent Tmo cmp a ey sesh heen tat este a ar jntcovanan, hs ends rape ii mgt eh ‘ol cc eed ee he ap eT ‘Solow macy be Cue sn dhe ene aGehe 328) rh ns35 SUMMARY. ‘Agata teint eLearn sm ‘Sir nmi ats il se Cap "Thee ler ra pe lg 1 otgeeoeten cmap te ecm tecaea Ream ceateee ear e are Terman na rennin og ht Pint seca piesa iemece eee eet Sree pened traf aeChapter 4 SECOND-ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS IN ONE DIMENSION: APPLICATIONS ‘en comep kn gree fmm ry samc mh st Sr ne vce appmmae hal42 DISCRETE SYSTEMS (21 Linear Hd Sig Antti dre cee whe phs| ‘Abajo cena shipment demain ice {Pome vas IMim Th pings depend he he mh a ‘itnnews ‘ee em ly niche dementia fon {eee nde |i pete in nun ering A-ha FTA) = ta 9a chat +All Teresi TEE eon 4.22) apie ning geet ven lant a tp pin mn nsw a ayAma ln tan iy emi dc se he in cat Ln merce tees Siero nuna nner nrae h acta beeen rats an eee Le eat ei be ‘ulate fa Threats sears ae Seana met hate Sah 7424 Fd oh Pps Ahr xp of a hy ey ly dps ws ‘ic nmetetsvephatcype: Tse fy cor463, NFAT TRANSFER 4 Gove Ean ‘he satis preig sb ner wo sted na 2s hey cee pric pees rristorlarctompeante pat 770 by an eh ea an ost 2 (e022) rarapeatl won hoy Nea feng irae toe a pner—ny 0-8 ootnd st veurtaur seeee 412 Coed! Natnd emo and ie ee (is coweaucoion horton ations 4.21 on 431) see: ae ste ‘tw 9 ne er ema Thies pte pti ace ctagiromsone ora 4638 mea Fam14 sromwcenuoannrir iin‘heap dasa mmc heeinyine7 rece444 FLUID MECHANICS en eee mg ne Wet a ee Bo) se seas45 SOLID AND STRUCTURAL MECHANICS, £51 Prine Comments ‘Sd mans rah of mk ig he in detain ‘Reenenain aun trad ecto cicdereseet ae tocenl ‘twp ned nt ae esc The ea aang ‘econ ce a ton Uk sal conn ey es, ‘mcs te monn qed we sal i es mate que Farge 3rrenrateim tener) ae weirnia, wires sn cette tt ie oe tao ere ham, erate] see ee TIE] oy | ore lt “hee” fan aa TY ima I) [Fiewe) Tiere von [et] [ee] [Ae wo es st % i i) Ueson | Uae tes cpg 2 ar 234 raf roma an) terest nae ye Leta etree Gomes cieergne certo Teme hme ith eis St wren ssc este ‘ec mn nt ot cho he dana es of eb Tho Sites ne og compe448 rent tanto ona see {4 Comet gins ety Apprach [atte iar eran wi he juno repo ong mh Bieta be ay rv ‘Splatoemnite uaeilcompenwstiee n=O O06 san se te me eee of Spann nthe geet ‘ete teat nam seg oe Toe sheen et nn Of = Gama Ohne = Os faa a) an ae ty compo te ile a as ‘psn he pt Epntan 20) cmb fel cman et ‘ng ox gears ech espn eens ed ‘een cet ai gh ieeatenaeteen theo mje cma i) Fie b= flesh 2606 91 53ibsoconis Ha doesteLgnnpeati Tesco hal sting poles pts le By. ay ht ay msn med ep hid yo Hg ‘seta Sn ed i Prana tens Hen? ans siesy bere ch mera let pay me he | (e.Sisaasiwesmmne When fescue theta wbecmeiy he pnerea iT ten emi pss oneness ‘he son Ep 0) tion hep ute 9 Th trp te cy ft ‘Lega pr cmp i te ua. bya) see) ‘Weems pi cumple ite pt ae‘co tens ne mrp The ncn a a (man 040, wat Pate oO Ps -(2| eS {gest ses lye Se sn ered pte. Ale intl the athe poly un ats a ch SS tain As epee Pom 2h 2 san ‘Sani dope spn ta td et “Yate Bite~Ban) Fruita eRe) 640) seen cpm ny a etow ems i ita tn ee Tse apes ‘wil eestor cope ae“488 Comat gatos Dit gph tc ndsbatnte mente opener ee imetrseypeg hl dopcnenapnsilteammencicetsrcerr inom te den Spe eo et oa ne ‘eal impo ‘el (462) a 48. le aimee) ford ote stat em, a po lac eget lees ‘ttc yc HLS 2a] at oy Au a opie ee ‘Stem 2nd ae am ip 4rd vey ‘ev competed wis fom 102 28 6290) oh) ill +a woo ‘Teron pes ay esa sn ae es, "itd mt (55) el sen at he (25 Stes Lanes eet ‘Caisin te tdi matin hoe be 3) eta =A Ue 0 28 esa maid om te ee ination af sae Siu oft data cui ce aa) ees rein a‘Mant pA tate ek eigenen tc ic “ob stihl] em (ine =2) ae =p yee te ge ain went pie nel ne tp (29h A818" Ce (625 ‘hep sna in pl ee, 12 Apes ecu cae pneecnfd ome mist gman yc(63 SUMMARY 1s ape let oman spe ols ad ieee {tom te ipa On-me,Ko oats) Soy i arate a mae ‘retest ring an fy erm eee acme mo im ep pen del ys get eS ee en po ns re a sa ‘tronmse of oe wf en ae cnt eet Eee eb ac Steerer ea PROBLEMS, ‘staloganen areas ‘stn ami stn Saye Pam wan (oa) sg aBaten[REFERENCES FOR ADDITIONAL READINGChapter 7 COMPUTER IMPLEMENTATI 71 NUMERICAL INTEGRATION ‘Scidtgaers smi on co ree Stn ou hand -‘int hme Fi) es 7 Cr paves oan hihi a Sip onside. ac pa mm a [rise roam, ost piston de i Tm Sein The ee as od ep ance ema eco, edhe el uml ign he dos ‘nh omy wt econ vo ype ee {et tmn Ne ei ed afl dane(fat he gtr ome le ced nh tg tn Ge Upmieigerermnconmet ned Tanne bet el beer ‘Shy Thema alse ee ea EA tsetse when tat, aot tn ren, a ‘hetanirmineern ante rn yet mayest oo ee emt ht coe ee ee cee Da, ite ‘Mele i he ort at cine a ‘ra wot tr age Kio come cg ere ‘in neu nner oe ane os “Toa te Lagig bay pa ise ct was-fh st et eine te th tn tt to i Sree aie neta eesleewiielend OWE wee ‘eaooedenstcictoaad tn Pomae B et cl lm: Foe eae obo Hicrncn—=| Tiered Meter fet fel GN ete) eB BN Ba - 6 BL Bh ED ena wt a ee: i sf bi as 713 Aponte We wanna te Ga Lagee gat mil ala ling ne fn lm nnd Th megan pes te co {pening te pce dex eter) Mea ea ana he pts i il tra nega ton meee 10) eu) er emo nner Anca piel pomw+ aseSr sense ne ee ahd che be [rosa f raw rea-renae —as ‘Resid cosoras Sie ge ‘lees tea cc pen lee poi a cae 0, yep fe aa Sani ou ea te re pcan le he tne eon ‘1Eojnaeqal nie deecelapenimeat ednessea fo nar wm ingen meso eet ye 4a te fo he eu te aye ts Dopey vl mera eto snl ena 1, Sam anion 2 beget Frm 4 he nr Haas eam slam er he Hers snes a cee iy pad Audicost intern ct ing i [row a6 zg se tt ri eo me sje bec bed mine nc a C n ‘en pois uth whale opriatn fFi spl eee ‘heat pa l wc c e d sie tpl elm Heenan aicoppminon one ‘oper sang Aen ems es Fiery Pest enty nace Psa ech wine ate hg se [roe ‘ety eine dh ie one nana he isSmars owiehe oes [o reee=*iriny sti rent, £200, pees piecemeal sre mine int At =(b— aye) Nene annie wheter ‘Seo md mbes a ems Fsh pene ‘angel tee earn ppm ee at Sa em esto ay emer Qu, vi a un ee pit Ft te caer ieee eaten hotel ie anes seers ne ‘ea can cen em tapped ae ‘titer ude he cpa ty es Papa ae a ‘Sete Loene punta ano ene [rou=f'roaZrum aim fer ae te cg Ei a ee he Lge pti Pa=reene), armste aanSECS RRC CS bot Gs pa a te =e ee een ea as rt ini tye ple a172 COMPUTER IMPLEMENTATION 721 tnecry Comments Chew hte hen oii ef iy ‘sii een ems one ie ‘tip hehe Hons ar he) 2 Toran opts nn Fe nl ean hy ‘The mea tin ge te a ede lee Seca nce Dyn lb caro he ener he pid a i fi cet nse sti a 1 angle nolo rite ons ih conpr ned he co theme clenet mt ny nee ith whe ta ain ot ‘ens nto ory eminem ‘alma Apache peeled hema ton ‘Gur ey ty agin te ee np orem Force ey ene np pean aon a ha cl os eed (3.11 aS) ante ie pent ‘inte ae a my enn) al a Tepumfccsaeseb eiman hins ‘Sina dn, stp tine ce {nis cene pom dept Osc malsv hean pes Fencing FEM Duden emma Teac {ett npn ss anne mars ua honcee tn a iy epee 4. Petes esata Tagan eng een cnn. cect teste ina op tee mcm a ‘Seemne ops sleont oy soe of amend gh conn of ‘aan enya nse ee ei (eet pune eye oe mater san uy ‘Aneel pl int at rtd ce nee 4 Sthanmot hsp os rea vat py ten ciomaarentatats! r eee 121 Th tn i i astp cet de my tr et ele et ‘Sp nthe gy dau eps Se aa fr se eric! tomato, tg aces ep. wns po ash ed Se Fiche atone sone ome pes ne eda ‘Sloe Tepes ey twp {tant smatine the slain of in) The see hina econo sto denen peas cen ep cnt a en ne ey oh oan ol of ee {i commu an A ow cat he tener ries TED peed it ejat tee fot bts a he ow ht eure ‘Sen sen mr =n mic nn retreat eon in.HOUND Sse fr npsiin fpi hny dim Dia, cs La el PONROLR: Suse eign ym ell 728 regrcoer ‘Fall emg soe py way tai er Dn ‘Satan tte nmin es ech ls eeese sCoyoeth fon se Haan se eet sna be ‘Society he rose, Mes pro a npn ‘is ty =O Sea esa NOD J) = sll ae une coe 98 ha et ‘Smo he hi ya ia ons Foran, wou he cer EX ‘Stead cm asm such geen {nk esa here NOD are ped cone me de ise he el som o he le,vhe WN=06i, TNO = HENE)ALAINDDAN) ‘Theanys LX a OLX ee FEAD a ea XL pcstep hme gti nh ne ene esi Mm 2 aye) Ys) ge ee Hemant est R= m= Og ni 0) PX ements coma coger a [oo ‘etccucmacs i isp nec some fim eexn/ an ji ws ctan hash WnSine (11) etd 612. NEM, hie NEM es te «tab Gane oi Hee te pce atin: LAPD TL) + CONSTI ‘hla pepe eK a aed aig ae iene {Gere AN dengan 128 Asm met Egon cet) Esurance ose ‘ytmtemin dag Toe ts tenoscr ope aheaan NDR whe NDF nae ees ae “nisin ei roi to np SSIS en i oe ci tan ttn ed se ay ne ce ‘opm tr ttn mew em mai Ee ‘STi wee en ee sponte a ae 1/0 pit mean dnp ‘faunas thine ener py Set sieceea tmas S wl ffs pl ment eine ine re pct tose ‘Ste oem eepee 728 Peet asap ne “eal J ested wit hf any NOD: acne an ee fle send ie a jy 1290, The eat ape aati 726 mn Roy Cain Pr) npn any ease ny anna Yaa et en Een OAR oh ‘i pat 1 ne ay edn, ay oa yaa i in cu 2 Kinds tytn hs emi {Minne en yn ‘es ange (GaP me (OLR) re nae‘he Mig on pra ot it dca cf bem en ‘Mp Reh sr an es of epg hi py {Ete yee tn eco a ay. Seg Retsil ess ‘omit vin sea ein in al mice Eee A Tar, ue rosdaunon: Specht op Reco ‘he pimiy dese teem anode owe he cane econ nse avr tu ad ee Selah inn Nad aS frS he mil gate Bint Rale GNA nm ID) Hunt, fia0e Rahi—Kuls Keak ‘pia igen cnr toa gad are saa ‘heed oan adoro ery een ep ed edna Dien ecient a nde com feos “Thepsied cay epee to) a apostle SiRcamariiemigeieehe ee +e he fect ce mg nat Nitdsstewos papcdby soap a O=nbity 0)‘sss tomlin Ky in anda 0,0 Fonte _ Attn cnn ces iets chest on pi ies =o oe a ee “aie eG) mn omElec ceceae « oeSiw aneanan he inyn naererecapet oentae-seeom ~~ (ols) Sek (69) “ ‘nner ers mm einem gree mes Te See me se ya CoE bahaom 929 Scot loa en nr shod 17. APPLICATIONS OF PROGRAM FENID_ ‘sce cnt he on me aed conte dr meal epost ars age ora ed ‘levy ny te topo dene lb ad from sms il comonig pi Tsba a 182 tate amps ge ne rit se oe ap ten nd cao ne ew ‘isin Oy oe obs cnn pt ae ‘eT meme ae seen daseserenesecre ee tan ante en esos a ek ibyaececpurtacpuaseeaeaiie enNee mr cpt ty mons ps The eri sista pin Cr Scop‘ne ua a i mati cn of eye med amen714 suMMaRy a cag ts i ems tv ed nar mgt one ‘ew ect man es ease pl ‘Sse pa te sons a ao fn ee pg ‘rin’ sna eon he cn oq! Sc) {Se cic the Adora sas mls) ya eae 9 ‘ct neq er he Tsay ah sme ea ee tote Nene Ga apne meron ns one en See {he tgguie is mye taco ef engl opens fe gl ‘ent yc ol cnc ms po Sa sr eying te ae dee melo he ome hee Piet ot i npn Heel in mmcns ractnlicne_at ‘tne tecoibra a Comp apenas mera ont Imo een cy ome comm pon bn oe (fsa ne te had dre fe np tia we ie ome ‘Sour ppm HEM hn escape of EMD | rota tw mec sw ci ssn en sat ment a wrote anette tt coe PROBLEMS,ateFerns Moms 24 cae cei ac 8 REFERENCES FOR ADDITIONAL READING, sitySoom ittChapter 8 SINGLE-VARIABLE, PROBLEMS IN TWO. DIMENSIONS 1 INTRODUCTION, Sonam nao Toe mens nec csr spe teens one me! wh el tka rt Thn osm pony et ny ch pe ‘Se hs npn bm rt pte ny Ze ily ea ue i ear omy elec ef eo Siete hy nt bh{82 BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS, $20 Te Mot uate ‘mies rbemol fad lio) en rp ea ‘ebony wih pene ea eawt Veer pect a ee ie ty 2 Weare egal omni et qin 2 bom om ptt cn 5 Ace re eet on te gt un 6 lagen fey or wl coe i ea ies apt es one ot ‘pm ee bing ts, nsee125 rete a nerition atn 1 sft oni quate eof een eles 2. Tepes mp Stem eg hn ‘es ermap cps eel lee a 4. Alem nt etl ol ety ‘Tete fey nkpete ema heres of of Stn pe (Mi snp fen the cme ear wet ee ee ‘fteuniant soci cenetr he pl aks pert aie icsb noes Thecomptetcr ppm nF ee stn The et 3} ty grt an Fa tala ow nape Gee Tan rn ced te ‘uc roprnimss aie symp) meng eed ang ie ve sae vont ing e 82) eom dm +s «ase ih pe ye Sb nde of eet 4) pbk jmk mens mmole) 82246) hima Ha tan +b Hee me ~famen » na2%) sh ¥en st rhe garden wasters) O=129 a2 a fa bec ee a2 Tessin fasion Goin Be 824 ‘etapa tan e popere,eet teem tem en a ee to Sowa cm hat 2) Seine pa us ing a, es | {thr penn ten of siege puna ‘die poy pa aon of F509 moe eB We ‘Stars 9ar Rama eat Nexcmier ep pm Mad verter aan choi taint arin ihe in 12a Th ea ques mae arn The wo poe ‘este get sages onan fetce fu entre hi oe er oi sme omy ‘yn emp othe own spn os ‘eth cp oof cag cement ee ett ios iran os 3 cece Se ete) = ‘eon arte forse cara ce ere ncn See aren yeu Wi. RIMO Ga238, HERA ie econ 9) = YO), cin = ah Hos Sect ee etre mene ‘etlaheoramnegearas Teast samssnegean pa Slorobe Mea As compt pn than ‘Teaming eee ates a ey te da ‘ew reste npr dn tn ese tp dee Heer ‘ethene icon peer a adenine bess ghee espe ohmic i cach NM op ‘etapa anc his lene ct pen yeep | ‘nasa ou et 21 de eos ‘ce ern wit er Pic ements ‘pnd oibe nc ersanptr Jone fe ie 42940 Teen a"eras hein pata sees Addin dices ce ie met pl tn in ener ‘Thetis fe ee aks A 218 genet ‘muy Ine ye ng me aon ane St Inset. Hime en yea we meat cman pes ‘ett eine oer dia ‘Spence ian ‘tenting one penny sate baday cpl oe oo “i nen tm sin semen te mo asthe he ‘igri on me nen wtkapeay Urata ts") 238)fuera eanitetenysnni 4249 Ls +08, ¢8)+tom ew ty 2.0) fr clei ont a of f= fone = [patentee f ocesrernsnine, = folorie sa rt) f. elon tate eh) Heid bia, ass ‘rin 1245) ade sb ce en no nt mide etwas tao ecm kabhi ed ely ‘Siew tte pvngs mal wa 8 “he cnn he en nod sent wea ce my ‘tan seine octane wh om a 258 tn ect ma 4" npr a atone domes mr (2 ses na a (ie menses bs fries inane te eeleet Murs of incr cag Hae en i j= 29a oe tm a tn a ne (roth in nie a) cape ec ‘tae meen yeh 821 omg cotcs aise 8239 ream, veh tet eg a ad 5 eo cle Se Re neson ‘icy tn nba arp ef che a ot"ent yee so ceonr ree dey pero eof avi em thee a on cin ef hed lng ha it ey ‘np ch who «pono es ce i etna oe din eA On pn a ne ‘ea cms cee con on pa se) oe a (pg) ee, ee inti ot fT a sed a ea ‘Bev HD Whe a ne hey te ‘Gn atin ei 240 bets ne scone ‘Tega ac mn eso ean of ay527 Ase Hemet isis ‘he menbt tesa conten pick we 2mm pone 1 Gain siya 2 “eget or tne teas hn te psy omg ne chon moh ing ane (Sct nee fa 4 La a=, ‘ecm ut connate ame em a jt) ‘Sotho he ac ene rom el ‘novsethwsite a2 en semarbefautagcmepenace© coms ‘iat teeth in ce os 02% ine te. 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NUMERICAL EXAMPLE‘at pom he sl npn of te bt se ee at{4 SOMP COMMENTS OW MSH GENERATION ANDIMPOSITION OF BOUNDARY CoxprTioNs Siewneye sree eres Sioa teense eaee Soe ere ere ere ‘en chage nth mst hear) an all poms ci Eieeceeerennentaoiemeeearoes Steoo orem Seiceetie space eoooiteeneera Faas ete jSaeceseieneecyatenrsenreas SScmaieee ease snateees Socrates ictag ao srnr eee ieeereschecmmetencneiata Eee atatamnecrcecrete Ea paneenenerityee Scio ams‘eh Amanda ‘chon gn won en ea section ae a Samant se eit nea hee ‘Sem mcr nen 0255) eet ae ‘Sinmun aa boa nha alee me a ‘cin pny. nf ay erg Jie ew ln nay gc sn th Scena liner, Sha Tice fie cpa tthe rim: om we ms een oe muon saree escnaty goed wacom dete ye ey ‘Mian sen ero tao pon Scr eteach make dinon on whe ptt ea saan cage [otnerip onl pein val ine set plo cera ese ‘ea ‘gcc or nnn tony ‘Seto he computa eceny m we to sir Mw uct ‘cet mere eet el aemblefeas wich Stuns cee cel tn hearer are emp l We em Fraley ln tee oat on eed ay ne at Ios win gts uncy promt eye, Gem ear eure nese ete sn me or tn eb Cah ma ‘mui fees sotender Tinie ape Lanne ie ss i octents wosaptin eiten BagSeoe 43 tin day Coins Insomniac nom ye poof hs ly th ‘tale at pose ne bun cn ey ‘aia! 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Axa oh re ye oi Fi. 4, ne pid ecm teeny damay ein 0 a pie we yo Sa i ey Cn Pane ‘tn ney ween Oh ate ‘nm manana psn 5 APPLICATIONS.For na cain ne ee ecient ama ec epee AC es = ott Wine i Fir posi te techs pedis nna pe There thn tae Men's ye ey Snaie ‘Sth crises mute nan or say ey See ett hn i em ah cece ame yes Represent aethiops ps ea ()-8O3)-m9 ass 4, nd wet era cans fa Whim SES Noir aes men hen ste aa ound dun coitnwandercuwecimde- News ht te amc andar ee amr tet ‘WCF. mes me cm he anya ‘youve ol ek cco fetta Pyrat ‘moti com Re the twat ha ar tunery soo (5‘The alo 1 comes ey cin 1 Me ares =U ee sis roamf (ul nag won. oH EEL cara froin [sea ciao oan aang ep LF he om id EC bse nsegmensin meade nesynn ee ea Spat aon eemmecg Pqnscechnyeeciscnameeee mma as aeSeceen soeres een ees oasesa mt io nc eal en a a a ‘Secedaoes ioe conaa) nde vern0 assy‘Sevitheesohc age vcheip had nownatte ON veo aise Ween ex y=—Vh assy tr VP =P Fett ow ety es (85.41 Fe Lat) ome ass se te gut ee rie hake on Pspedy nding itn $3) ‘ati cna gt een Eu 5.7 we aie ¥en he a ti om (156i! ran 8 tae ya npg pi tate ‘ete om es i eh om aos ot io sti mince sesame ea acme These tonvet 1 patty 1M Leg asi ‘Te ut on str a fe el ow sos 5. (4530) Ate nt ee ay al ac ae ‘Sein na om See ae ~ ya vse ‘Th hemi gation 35 et fm “a0 asa) (oping 29 wan ASAT, ne mt ae Oy" ay ae — repent ceeegeren ese = ‘Scag eemtyrrain mae lecentn teenie sera ieee Secor Sea acer rnin eatbeceemgmaanca race poeta cee Seater 1 if8 | i |‘hu Exact acon bepinacy cose oe ‘two nt we a ads sa esa an ‘Sono nl ame Lapras 5 81 or eet sefneicne ahnaci be thn‘iscompas te one tsincanso t catin ssigle “se akon, ch afte ely pl Mesm niin ge il rane mate (eon sop uc) dong ects 9) a ee homers seta ates, wntele ass fee 3) fa on eid i it ge of ht pe tht ‘Re lace lin (5S) ane wel W cai tn a ene Shots eg cee cette Te et trend tgining om SSH 5) re ey hea Beier tg ie (Dine Sins comptes nee he est sol gaol wm et 0m di: Rm nnn he om iin ee ws ‘se emi te rece (59 raga at emt gh ad hu ais 05 een a! 8. alos nt a 121) Mette on ‘inte eo the kt vss‘htamwenaice fs) The space prone omen ene pa fas) wa ssi seo ita a oS) Tae om lo Sn ‘in et one gy ee ese ie ei a ‘wn sey naa canter Gt amps nd 85) {86 EIGENVALUE AND TIME-DEPENDENT PROBLEMS ‘cp lnc se uses fom name ete ah Simson, nr acne {y cctm ma Ts egret ey e Sei wir hepa tine peste Secchi mend et ea i ert vgn ee nt Sear eat cope ne eamteeal eee ea ‘eS ns pe eit a ‘iy ne ihe poh sacar ‘5c rae el he es atiam oes He HR ALT (wa) (= nd “wiy)eroy ants f= [ povsaneacay Ts compl eins 1 ch tt 8) as gen ‘ic cp pd Sng 00 camer =01 wen “en hc oe pes Dy Ces Bn ete Bachem pie, eran e)= aa)nea at a hg pb: Th 9 a = ‘Sine rmtin oe had ohh ple Sos andegmesan amt Ana Neverthe en erect dvs? ‘ineappoion hemes dma Sch pu uae eably ‘le ge fain has=h-+ Atlan talihol @sesth Ks) ‘smn iene tittle gations Ee Lalaa= es 0 Mb =D Fak b pean Heh) HAM atko, mt tying oat ‘ota eo Nome ing ei vas ate sto ih Becarasencreewe jhesimensan oar (gl es ion fbn te Teiceragesirasacrarceuni inns fissesasnobeen Sinttnitenmatgracerane nn tain ne ptr sco 1 ethan item cone omomlily su, 180) SSeimir cpl nepal ne pene pc3 Mpegs eee nls nt annem ea date un Jp) mesa Sad fn songacme tc mh = ean sen@anies Meurenics) — anien (863) eB), cng ete we have he see me Soa ALG mat ae Ay ‘heen ig 4) =U = VT ar a ed ‘tony onto once es oer ‘Tepe nlite YU $9)Fer mnie pen, ot he gy f lion. he mr SER eee gnometats = actin + tits =the ss (aoe = MB Ch gels cuesemg undone netndpabt ier) 4 pot smarotnien maelonilybh) 68) 4. =o: slats ml mati ty Sty rion ac aee=[Jetate-vi] anywhee maimun ieee trae dcr pb IReT Ghee me an lnc wd eas ma tne cama mush Na arsed chsh Sposa Tie Mori Shee ‘mea ene A200, ela ei has ales Whale Whee =Ue Halt aan Re a 3621) ere Tet pert nated (8638) spre or eet aan (Fe md a Fee nine ecm on a ol ops itech so com Gh tr'arh ie sm fais sae at y=) aie nse alo = de ‘ipsam ear ween yf2M iceman |k7 SUMMARY. ‘sty ppt a fin mmo itve (Shevten Deedee tence che Tete bch weir nant ‘tener eet Spo ea ef he pnt ‘elena cing dana can ema aoe {ite be te A tana ee Ps hc od ‘Several nectar eS Pty cerioe ‘eaten pon seine whe teu le el Te ‘herent am ic eel pte ae to PROBLEMS, Sesto es i cei tn he th ‘eee fry nis eo bl orang ne Sin ioe conse af pd Wi pes et SSK let te as ND(kn a iin er Me (th ee ann iad hy et Fos 1 Comma te asenestinbeie 19 Fl cic mar it i Lloro leap rats yf ‘xoyctn ing rr va te tar ene 80© semen{0 Doin til rea mutha ete yen ei er etn ‘sem ag ath it cee tet 151s kd oti beat tion Pe 8 ‘mm encom aun {5 erst eto ees arn ha rte 4 comer Cre ie i pn inin ee esd in an hoe ne‘aye a fw as in al omen ah PagChapter 9 INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS, NUMERICAL INTEGRATION, AND MODELING CONSIDERATIONS ‘91 INTRODUCTION 902 ELEMENT LIBRARY ‘Sntepanenclydoakpt hot snc oa ang ch ee os etal in Sn 2. peecore hh sae? Brin ‘Sirelate a2 Hw ant oar sont erent yb el ‘mths fonpeen Nec ewes ere ‘sett taege itt vedi renee ‘iene ange Our thee eng ny mre ‘ctacal singl lhtar ns ate oe tere Pa cg Fecampc stir donee; eseperte papain? ‘Stoic tat nfo id eed Pca! epi of Tai ele a ne ede i of ee The oper ontsi oan ohact cpoed ec ec an Sevanteben mein wean oan toe ae yn ep conc seg ese eee Sidi snn Soe ogy re oe geal ik dec,‘elation easyer eh is th si et taht mr oe hia er ‘nr dae aoa ne he yf ir (ne gee an ne sabe forsee ra a el ‘i stent waht uate ie pen ee mee tetera Gr cy won at pre eben erie Pint Lge smn es enh on meyer hcp payline Force it nl ‘eccentric aegaarcemeconii peat esa te 322 a nc ri eT ect ice ers ‘one nding i hin ag plang "oct sem ithe tint 0 ste Had ba bay arta at 20) rol Unnawwtesiage Webby at Sn ois ig iy haa a ‘ca ere Cha ne nth er os pr Tec tome) hy ig sien eos is hae pic meas inemof one ee oe ewin Where “heared te pn ns re harap pd ee ay eto ‘Screg wih a ty oes uae p95) effletaardanesar it thang may sa aie Fite “iittala te clon eee one hee Sachs ee ee nd Sedu rie iP pee Eo fom Seams ron Woh = tie, yar tn Rtn dna Sity sds {is Hekate ninety we on fe angie Wel me com ines Noone rinse, ‘ons Relat dee wh Es ey eee Fi ‘924i Tne morl mer melon ennective can ee {TSR hbo petra he ma a ea eg 5am nny yo i eI et aoa etme pnmd “ne impo act hal He a ede te i Ly Teepe tit ts oa ya copa foment a we eas Sr rgeno cine serve ra ase te th eerie pea saved seat 219 it aso aa the a fae ain “i de om sain 9 ert ps th he ae hE pence iar bon onanteapot eine ny cme igen ects neon‘ete and yer scant ty swam ee Eu 219, mln the Lg ay orgs Fi 92. he Loge ial mgr ema Be ces gis Se F825, Sener cantar sea hr taco em hm mide Seles sent at ots pe an nh sci ty coi rms om he pao he mein 925g har unt me ‘Relate qant wins clearest eso paar bree Banctaostar tian tata Bem tartanrtonsanaysne'y 0208 nnn on ecg ye he cnt oe i The pei ty ly og eae ca es ‘Sis Macnee e em gua eh | Se sina here ems ‘tity Stn! ghee ary te Geme) e h ‘einer ey aan gs nk aera ant ety tens ad rn 9 Pha eaova mons acres ese — eae eg NE IEpehised-w ” f wefo-pid wee seem we wektawen whe p00 “ ee re weheaten, geht Pron u weleoown e936 rir ee ae (em nen cgi 928 i a ‘he pen apie ns coe de lel Ean ean an coed ae Lapin sai aso. ‘inter eregnd iapty meno te ‘tpt deo oneal npn ss hi ‘cn nine) aso hos a ny se | ‘ie a i ng of nina une Wee cot ‘net The front ene no ee cs ‘eve be mea ae prpater eam fender pe laveiners “hel shal can at ag of 9 lero ne ang iBhyose ham mney ohc amc henge mann Seiten aig 923 Te See eae Sic ia ate tsa he az ey no ‘Seay cm nde mena mos pc me game sme The ‘Stents cmon ach engl ena chine rane ee “nialthemspstaconietontay cece elmer ct or ‘ering chara ted weer pei eam! ap itn nao here pe ny stein es ith sa Hwee on che eon fo ctactulcee hc tree incontinent. ands oy ade tensa ea tty tae eefie ah Pave ye be mecfa-to-aivtew aw tee f- eave fren nefeene o “ th.Japan seta) ona Ka renemettem ve dod a todo ena-n tee hi-ont enero oo ka-enien eerrererey atte ean ete ef dratettortaitot ter iarsvan? — 923ie ‘etenaeetttnt st Protons eb Hantoe Hate ma san ee ame she nie. 929 te et mde ‘Sonny ste weno Pp 328'8 a rr a set se ‘Simatewoaims array thera fs iran arto em ‘eturpaan ane ff eter ene = tem ermine) 498 Fout? Fenn tea? 230) ‘Reap nr heise ih 2 t= Spite = 20min 99 vee Sesto ne! gr wo Zo-pn-vMam, te Zase-aM—ap wa Zo-pi-easin ee Zasent-aaeapmens ain nmr acetone _ paren) Sera Seccwrn —Siuefea ste tnt ayn ting em 2 ne 193. NUMERICAL INTEGRATION 9.31 Primi Cnet ‘Ancora epee Si doi anced bmi ot ‘cSt cated pet cei ces Forcus mons pce reed ony au cage ‘Sie hoer ame scasy goa men Sin be pee is cas reteset iter ee a ‘Spr emcee toh hae met ine ee td ‘Stanners ‘SNelanenstcnyscaeanens Nowe aon hoe cht ‘3G Lapin nt gra terete tare aon SS dan rah eet ope rene oem: he Ga Lee {Stare fe urls rcs ga feel me ne gon BtYer 120 thew le de he a ig) ‘a tonnes en 22a te one yt eh a SIG,J-4 A268.) inp, me of he ck pion dowd yehe a ne pinned fn we sass) Sia i + 88i0= 888 Fn ts ean es ta i eh fe ap eeeaions =Tsar dicen pin vm of Se Conran arnt SH Ss ato a ‘St eqn ee gist Ree sen o pecs re genie 8 “en cape xs 8. hp 1.3 sd ok 134 APPLICATIONS OF THE COMPUTER PROGRAM FED “ecg FEMED echt ee filing ype pes (Coe Slab pte ada cme ie ly tawnyama tauetann Imdb hort yA Se Sap bio ibn 0S ah ge Oa {cue telly pent One 2180) (Coed teen pe uc pe cy (2.2.8) 4 ee ‘tn io) Sete nh map Si pels ene and cnc. Apc ee um pt an sin es yn eras) a tema i es nt ptm ete Pcl ements a by Whee ‘st oom a bean by satin ithe rat aoe en oopeona ee Nor betes FP 0) be wb CONV {eet S8)-05 1 Thea IBN wed ste conor ane cee ‘Si THAD tae he ose handy ye te eo =< ae coma STE SSNS oC ts of te ga ED i al in Sennen .12 Despont Mo Genet -Amuotintin the pogun FEM niente thom (ren NO) a GTI oat Soma Foch een eet ‘Sa et mh hh ay he ‘ete ecu tis we meee, MESHED adsera sal sad yun We nage aoe sar MISHA ria) ean MESEDR Ts trl seep ay Som {epee anion NM OM rh ek aio.” fame teksten eng Beam anno MESIUOG oss rein ‘os ang ed Fw 3A} 1-42 hoe tpl cramp mes at Aiuet MEDC S od tee Oke(a3 ron een scm, p itn i FEM or vd eg te cd The ‘inet chs tment‘hen se es wih pln ay ptf ples 21.73‘he mam cus cone tp ingles Chat18 SUMMARY, est tthe per pen FEM a sgl eco ‘heen Chane 81 hve ta fn The og ted ay ‘ovine ls ptr pee posi hdd os ‘impr momponcaeante haie eogara Stent mp une an unt a ar ngs ese ‘See pan FMD nate ey roe Cage 3 ‘Siicanfe cnet amaac te tos eps men,ert i Prem Cater) ‘aanuvon canis 180 Rm otro lena Taner Chap 8 mi tn to i a in roan ain Hos Chater‘8a ptt hsm ae ‘Sembee he 8) 1s Accent na bn FP i a ae ‘rman ems co tmp age 1 "8 he eshte ae ct lt ty "84 Ante ot ns hg gh) x ‘dem Tne on an a i RecI i =e Paes eninge =e pee asta cap oo sur Na es tate p= "Peay (Chap gn Noe one Pte ig Chae 2)REFERENCES FOR ADDITIONAL READINGCome peanChapter 14 PRELUDE TO ADVANCED. TOPICS 14 INTRODUCTION ‘ents eet nal ran he elope tae ann ste ied sonar ep mot ic sy. br none eee sc pl acca1. Wee i rio 1422 eed Rs ie Be Md Insomnia eo aii ‘o'er spree Ty one ml an lcs hee Senta ni rac tierce SERS cmc ma er hep ah in Onder unin a One Dimes, eee fw ee nena ati Ah ‘Rome ans by Nem on cpa hy here Bans we carat wan ce ne (1621) ht ad fb thon ago npc an sien Espn uaa met inanic ratios prota. Th agin pe teem ns ge oct me ase ta fwtedn Rolo vag—1) sa ‘ner Khe rc he rd he pA He ier en, sng rac mito a ‘elt te neal lo 033) i hestn In prc, sl eae ioe wih pa Cin SHOES er im maton “einen ie ence ai ene ‘Saag seas sso we tum Tet ape aon! “nent wen Die ches ee oe eo wer Es yd 042s» vewieu') oem woffa was ‘atin pan senha sy he uae i = fear wane Sohn Met lt nan aed tern‘Sande Eta One Dis, et gh esa i omer eshte in of cd ire ‘ste mole The tas pma gy ncoer he wige| ‘tn thigh areas) spe bn aa ‘ccs hc Sao fy hcl of Reo ee te loagente hr aa pee co emer i ‘oe Jn toon enMtr lg an ty ein csi yh he ar cg ‘nie dnt memes in enc id rere of wing he clergy Renan Mp ica ‘atin fess ae a SR ge Tt yp et al SEE eet may ym ye ny ‘acne el ema tm con che bn ae eh ‘Sih el one aw tn bis ing Seiten Res he te a ea a i i rn eh Bejan tity ma esas) moe mal dpe te ‘Sesh ti en dae eg be tsa ade of een By 239) a een a et Scheie wa oe ‘Sos sed nos pb rr mt rn as ‘Shorter equ nhs eee le ‘eins i etn yen nn143 THIREE-DIMENSIONAL PROBLEMS‘SAPD wane ent hn eee eee {gene tan of apie ca hcp tn cn eed sett Coa nn ame ty Se bea x or cap come leu son i ie i ab of i 183th pola leon hei ie feo of soctedty tise ous Luba, Fane © Soc Thehan ut nd heme unm octet hap cnc Simian te mtn crcl Be 8a yee te “HME I- aisgienisse =135 4 Name ame442 eating lr ser eae 2 sat ein lest edn i se elTer cumin ete ibaa ken so new onions ouae sa, fe Fees herein aK eh nein) mari au ps ih a inom se aK eee al ta shin at + en enh ‘Peete tyre Rely 20 an ey nag AS Nem samp f me Armee dst tn tal fo! Set ara sms oe eo ly|MAS ERRORS IV FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS. M31 petty Penn ee eth hen ol a 1: Baan pina hs the peti he sn, 2 Cu nl nse tn rr tach ae ane on of ‘cpa ome compe ceo {Apmis on mteeterremnen resem patina miimeenangircerin ts ih pemrrees oe mire ‘es ving msg mex dain een) amino ee oe ninemsn ed tearsWe ber "Sree ume ean of na oon EE ne lo sn ee of) tear Stee amc ae emo rn Eopeaitemcsieagocnemaias ‘tector say eas) etn me ns fa) case)‘Mince ec te pina 88) marta mm arn =) se sa 1/0 ne beac canbe eed fica i scent nar cn mente eda asin ef, eg (4.103. tl Fy nin ns estan venture 1559) -aislo- A =| gwsan say ethene ni. te a he dam he ek ‘vogermnoreme yn 29)un rn pein ai ore nce nto ‘Sut a Mc (189 sy HD Seg ud Ft ‘in A te tee scalar og il wsaocant shimano sso hfs oe cus whos mcrae uso worn maya ness[REFERENCES FOR ADDITIONAL READING