Leadership

What is leadership?
Leading people
Influencing people Commanding people Guiding people

Leadership-Definition
Leadership is a process through which an individual attempts to internationally influence human systems in order to accomplish a goal.
Shortell &Kaluzny

Leadership is defined as the art or process of influencing people so that they will strive willingly and enthusiastically towards the achievement of group goals.
Koontz

Leadership-Key components
Leadership is a process Only individuals lead Focus of leadership is human systems Leadership is influencing Its obj is goal accomplishment It is intentional, not accidental

Ingredients of leadership
Power Fundamental understanding of people Inspire followers Leadership style

Leadership perspectives and theories

Hawthorne studies Mc Gregor's theory X and theory Y Kurt Lewine's IOWA leadership study Rensis Likert's Michigan studies Ohio state leadership studies Trait theory Blake & Mouton's Managerial grid Fiedler's contingency leadership model Hersey Blanchard's Situational approach Reddin's 3-D

Hawthorn study
Attention paid to the workers made the feel important which resulted in improvement in their work performances.

Theory X& Y
Theory X- Most people dislike work and avoid it. Theory Y-Will work hard and assume responsibility if personal needs are satisfied and organisational objectives are met.

Kurt Lewine's IOWA leadership study

Authoritarian/ Autocratic Democratic Laissez- faire

Likerts Management system

Exploitative-authoritative Benevolent-authoritative Consultative Participative

Behavioural/ attitudinal/ style approach

Ohio state leadership studies (Orientation towards task completion Vs orientation towards employees)
Michigan leadership studies (Leader behaviour description questionaire)

Trait theory-Predictive value

Trait researches- Bennis Mgt of attention- inspire, articulate influence Mgt of meaning- able to articulate meaning of vision Mgt of trust- without trust, cannot lead Mgt of self- Complete integrity.

Trait theory Trait researches- Kirpatrick

Positive traits Drive Motivation Honesty & integration Self confidence Cognitive ability Professional knowledge Miscellaneous traits Negative traits Insensitivity Arrogance/ aloofness Betrayal of trust Performance problems Lack f strategic thinking Non adaptation to change

Managerial grid

9 Country club(1,9)
People

Team mgt(9,9) Middle of road(5,5) Mil leader(9,5) Task mgt(9,1)

Impoveris hed mgt(1,1) 1

Production

CONTINGENCY MODELS

Types of Leaders
Leader by the position achieved Leader by personality, charisma Leader by moral example Leader by power held Intellectual leader Leader because of ability to accomplish things

Leadership & Management

Managers vs. Leaders

Managers Focus on things Do things right Plan Organize Direct Control Follows the rules Leaders Focus on people Do the right things Inspire Influence Motivate Build Shape entities

Common Activities
Planning Organizing Directing Controlling

Planning
Manager Planning Budgeting Sets targets Establishes detailed steps Allocates resources Leader Devises strategy Sets direction Creates vision

Organizing
Manager Creates structure Job descriptions Staffing Hierarchy Delegates Training Leader Gets people on board for strategy Communication Networks

Directing Work
Manager Solves problems Negotiates Brings to consensus

Leader Empowers people Cheerleader

Controlling
Manager Implements control systems Performance measures Identifies variances Fixes variances Leader Motivate Inspire Gives sense of accomplishment

Leadership Traits
Intelligence
More intelligent than non-leaders Scholarship Knowledge Being able to get things done

Personality
Verbal facility Honesty Initiative Aggressive Self-confident Ambitious Originality Sociability Adaptability

Physical
Doesnt see to be correlated

Leadership Styles
Delegating
Low relationship/ low task Responsibility Willing employees

Selling
High task/high relationship Explain decisions Willing but unable

Participating
High relationship/ low task Facilitate decisions Able but unwilling

Telling
High Task/Low relationship Provide instruction Closely supervise

New Leaders Take Note

General Advice
Take advantage of the transition period Get advice and counsel Show empathy to predecessor Learn leadership

Challenges
Need knowledge quickly Establish new relationships Expectations Personal equilibrium

New Leader Traps

Not learning Captured by quickly wrong people Isolation Successor syndrome Know-it-all Keeping existing team Taking on too much

Seven Basic Principles

Have two to three years to make measurable financial and cultural progress Come in knowing current strategy, goals, and challenges. Form hypothesis on operating priorities Balance intense focus on priorities with flexibility on implementation.

Seven Basic Principles, cont

Decide about new organization architecture Build personal credibility and momentum Earn right to transform entity Remember there is no one way to manage a transition

Core Tasks
Create Momentum Master technologies of learning, visioning, and coalition building Manage oneself

Create Momentum
Learn and know about company Securing early wins
First set short term goals When achieved make a big deal Should fit long term strategy

Foundation for change

Vision of how the organization will look Build political base to support change Modify culture to fit vision

Create Momentum
Build credibility
Demanding but can be satisfied Accessible but not too familiar Focused but flexible Active Can make tough calls but humane

Master Technologies
Learn from internal and external sources Visioning - develop strategy
Push vs. pull tools What values does the strategy embrace? What behaviors are needed?

Communicate the vision

Simple text - Best channels Clear meaning - Do it yourself!

Enabling Technologies, cont

Coalition building
Dont ignore politics Technical change not enough Political management isnt same as being political Prevent blocking coalitions Build political capital

Manage Oneself
Be self-aware Define your leadership style Get advice and counsel
Advice is from expert to leader Counsel is insight

Types of help
Technical Political Personal

Advisor traits
Competent Trustworthy Enhance your status

How Far Can You Go?