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As part of CIE’s continual commitment to maintaining best practice in assessment, CIE usesdifferent variants of some question papers for our most popular assessments with large andwidespread candidature. The question papers are closely related and the relationships betweenthem have been thoroughly established using our assessment expertise. All versions of thepaper give assessment of equal standard.The content assessed by the examination papers and the type of questions is unchanged.This change means that for this component there are now two variant Question Papers, MarkSchemes and Principal Examiner’s Reports where previously there was only one. For anyindividual country, it is intended that only one variant is used. This document contains bothvariants which will give all Centres access to even more past examination material than is usuallythe case.The diagram shows the relationship between the Question Papers, Mark Schemes and PrincipalExaminers’ Reports that are available.
Question Paper Mark Scheme Principal Examiner’sReport
Introduction Introduction IntroductionFirst variant Question Paper First variant Mark Scheme First variant PrincipalExaminer’s ReportSecond variant QuestionPaperSecond variant MarkSchemeSecond variant PrincipalExaminer’s Report
Who can I contact for further information on these changes?
Please direct any questions about this to CIE’s Customer Services team at:international@cie.org.uk The titles for the variant items should correspond with the table above, so that at the top of thefirst page of the relevant part of the document and on the header, it has the words:
•
First variant Question Paper / Mark Scheme / Principal Examiner’s Reportor
•
Second variant Question Paper / Mark Scheme / Principal Examiner’s Reportas appropriate.
 
 
This document consists of 
13
printed pages and
3
blank pages.
IB08 11_0610_31/7RP© UCLES 2008
[Turn over 
 
     *                 7                 6                 9                 2                 3                 2                 2                 7                 1                 3                *           
For Examiner's Use12345Total
UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONSInternational General Certificate of Secondary Education
BIOLOGY
0610/31
 Paper 3 Extended
October/November 20081 hour 15 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.No Additional Materials are required.
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.Write in dark blue or black pen.You may use a pencil for any diagrams or graphs.Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.DO
NOT
WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.Answer 
all
questions.
 
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
First Variant Question Paper
 
2
 
© UCLES 2008 0610/31/O/N/08
For Examiner'sUse
1
The freshwater mussel,
Margaritifera margaritifera
, is a mollusc which lives in rivers andstreams.When the mussel reproduces, gametes are released into the water and fertilisation takesplace.The embryos, in the form of larvae, attach themselves to the gills of fish and develop therefor a few months.The larvae then release themselves and grow in sand in the river, feeding by filtering foodfrom the water.The number of mussels is falling due to human predation and the species is threatened withextinction.
(a)
The mussel belongs to the group known as the molluscs. State two features you wouldexpect the mussel to have.1.2. [2]
(b)
Explain how the species name of the freshwater mussel can be distinguished from itsgenus.[1]
(c)
State the type of reproduction shown by the mussel.Explain your answer.type of reproductionexplanation[2]
(d) (i)
Fish gills have the same function as lungs. Suggest
one
advantage to a mussellarva of attaching itself to fish gills.[1]
(ii)
The mussel develops on the fish gills. Define the term
development 
.[1]
of 00

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