1.

A group of students built a model of the human respiratory system to investigate the mechanism of breathing in and breathing out. Sekumpulan pelajar membina model system respirasi manusia untuk mengkaji mekanisma menarik dan menghembus nafas.

Which of the following pairs is correct? Manakah antara yang berikut adalah betul? Model of respiratory system Model system respirasi .Balloon (Belon) .Rubber sheet (Kepingan getah) .Bell jar (bekas kaca) .Rubber sheet (Kepingan getah) .Air space inside bell jar (Udara dalam bekas kaca) .Balloon (Belon) .Rubber sheet (Kepingan getah) .Balloon(Belon) .Bell jar (bekas kaca) .Balloon (Belon) .Air space inside bell jar (Udara dalam bekas kaca) .Rubber Sheet (Kepingan getah) Human respiratory system Model system respirasi .Lungs (paru-paru) .Diaphragm (diafragma) .Thoracic cavity (rongga toraks) .Diaphragm (diafragma) .Thoracic cavity (rongga toraks) .Lungs (paru-paru) .Lungs (paru-paru) .Diaphragm (diafragma) .Thoracic cavity (rongga toraks) .Thoracic cavity (rongga toraks) .Rib cage (tulang rusuk) .Diaphragm (diafragma)

A B

C D

Which of the following blood groups is the universal recipient? Manakah antara kumpulan darah berikut merupakan penerima universal? A 2 B C D 3 Blood group A Kumpulan darah A Blood group B Kumpulan darah B Blood group AB Kumpulan darah AB Blood group O Kumpulan darah O The following information describes a problem of a husband and wife. Maklumat berikut menerangkan masalah sepasang suami dan isteri.

Unable to have children Tidak boleh memiliki anak Infertility Tidak subur

This information refer to:

Maklumat ini merujuk kepada: A B C D Fertilization Persenyawaan Implantation Penempelan Sterility Kemandulan Ovulation Pengovulan Which of these organs are in the excretory system? Manakah antara berikut merupakan organ dalam system perkumuhan?

A B C D

I and II only I dan II sahaja I and III only I dan III sahaja II and III only II dan III sahaja I, II and III I, II dan III sahaja The diagram shows part of the human respiratory system. Diagram menunjukkan bahagian dalam system respirasi manusia

What will happen when structure x contracts and becomes flattened? Apa yang akan terjadi apabila struktur X mengecut dan menjadi mendatar? A B C D Air from outside enters the lungs Udara dari luar masuk ke dalam paru-paru The rib cage goes down inwards Tulang rusuk tuun dank e dalam The volume of the thorax cavity decreases Isipadu dalam rongga toraks berkurang Air pressure inside the thorax cavity increases Tekanan udara dalam rongga toraks meningkat

A B C D

Alveolus wall Thickness Condition Thick Moist Thin Moist Thick Dry Thin Dry

Number of blood capillaries A few Many A few Many (PMR 2006)

Diagram 18 shows a cross-section of a heart . Diagram 18 menunjukkan keratas rentas jantung.

Diagram 18 P and Q are blood vessels in the heart. (P dan Q adalah salur darah di dalam jantung) Which of the following is true about P and Q? (Manakah antara berikut adalah tepat mengenai P dan Q) A p Aorta which carries deoxygenated blood Aorta membawa darah tidak beroksigen Vena cava which carries deoxygenated blood Vena kava membawa darah tidak beroksigen Pulmonary artery which carries oxygenated blood Arteri pulmonari membawa darah beroksigen Pulmonary vein which carries oxygenated blood Vena pulmonari membawa darah beroksigen Q Pulmonary artery which carries oxygenated Arteri pulmonari membawa darah beroksigen Pulmonary vein which carries oxygenated blood Vena pulmonari membawa darah beroksigen Aorta which carries deoxygenated blood Aorta membawa darah tidak beroksigen Vena cava which carries deoxygenated blood Vena kava membawa darah tidak beroksigen

4.

Diagram 17 shows the passage of air through the human respiratory system while exhaling.

5.

The following statements are about the transportation of oxygen in the human body.

K- Oxyhaemoglobin breaks into oxygen and hemoglobin L- Oxygen diffuses through alveoli into the blood capillaries M- Oxygen combines with hemoglobin to form oxyhaemoglobin N- Oxyhaemoglobin is transported to all parts of the body Which of the following is the correct sequence of the transportation? A. M, K, L, N Diagram 17

B. Which K, L, M, of N following represents X, Y and Z? C. D. A B C D N, K, L, M L, M, N, K (PMR 2007) X Trachea Bronchioles Bronchus Bronchioles Y Bronchus Trachea Trachea Bronchus Z Bronchioles Bronchus Bronchioles Trachea (PMR 2006)

6.

Diagram 15 shows the structure of human lungs.

Q P R S

Diagram 15 Which of the following is represented by P, Q, R and S? P Alveolus Trachea Trachea Alveolus Q Bronchus Bronchus Alveolus Bronchiole R Trachea Bronchiole Bronchiole Trachea S Bronchiole Alveolus Bronchus Bronchus

A B C D

(PMR 2008)

Figure 1.1 shows a model of the lungs to study the human breathing mechanism. (PMR 2005)

Figure 1.1 (a) Using the model, explain the process of inhalation. . ( 2 marks)

(b) Figure 1.2 shows a model of the lungs and a human respiratory system. On Figure 1.2 draw lines to match the parts of the model with the part of the human respiratory system ( 2 marks)

Figure 1.2

(c) Figure 1.3 shows the structure of some alveoli and blood capillaries.

Figure 1.3 Explain the transportation of oxygen gas to the body cells, starting from the alveolus. ( 3 marks)

(d) Smoking is dangerous to human health. State one reason. ... . ( 1 mark)

Diagram 2.1 shows a human respiratory system. ( PMR 2006)

Diagram 2.1 (a) Using the letters in diagram 2.1 complete the diagram below to show the air flow during inhalation.

( 2 marks) (b) What will happen to structure K during the process of exhalation? ( 1 mark)

(c) Diagram 2.2 shows a worker in a cement factory wearing a mask.

Diagram 2.2 What is the effect on the lungs of the worker if he neglects to wear the mask while working? ( 1 mark) (d) Diagram 2.3 shows the structure of an alveolus.

Alveolus

Blood capillaries

Diagram 2.3 The process of gaseous exchange happens between the alveolus and the blood capillaries. (i) Name the gases involved. (2 marks) Explain how this process can happen. (1 mark)

(ii)

Respiration Paper 1 1. B 2. A

3. 4. 5. 6. Paper 2

B A D B

1. a) When the rubber sheet is pulled down, the pressure inside the bell jar decreases. Air from outside the bell jar decreases. Air from outside enter the ballons and the ballons inflates. b)

c) The inhaled oxygen taken into the alveolus wall diffuse into the blood capillaries. The oxygen will combine with the haemoglobin to form oxyhaemoglobin. which is carried to the heart from the lungs to the whole body. Later it decomposes to release oxygen and diffuses into cells. d) Smoking can damage the lungs/ Smoking can cause cancer.