PHNG TH NGHIM K THUT IN

BI 1:

NGUYN L C BN CA MY IN

PHN I: MC CH TH NGHIM

Sau khi hon tt bi th nghim anh (ch) c th gii thch s hot ng ca

ng c v my pht da trn cc khi nim c bn ca t trng. Anh (ch) c
th gii thch cc php o mmen, tc , v cng sut c kh vi mun ng c
s cp/ Lc k

PHN II: TM TT L THUYT

Mi ngi u tr nn quen thuc vi mt vi loi ng c, d chng l

cc ng c DC nh xu trang b trong chi tr em, trong t hoc cc ng c
AC trong my git v my sy qun o. ng c in cng c s dng trong
qut, my khoan in, bm v cc thit b in gia dng khc. Nhng bng cch
no cc ng c lm vic c, v ti sao chng quay? tuy nhin cu tr li th
rt n gin, l s tng tc gia hai t trng.
Nu Anh (ch) c hai nam chm v t 1 nam chm ln trc n c th
quay c, sau di chuyn nam chm th hai vng quanh nam chm 1. Nam
chm 1 s b ko theo nam chm th hai bi v c lc tng tc t tn ti gia hai
nam chm, nh hnh 1-1a. Kt qu l nam chm th 1 s quay ng b vi nam
chm th hai.

Hnh: 1-1
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PHNG TH NGHIM K THUT IN

Hnh nh n gin ca s tng tc gia hai nam chm c biu din

hnh 1-1b. Trong hnh v ny, nam chm A v B c th quay t do trn cng mt
trc. Khi nam chm A quay, nam chm B quay theo v ngc li bi v tn ti
tng tc t gia chng.

Hnh: 1-2

Hnh 1-2a biu th cch to ra nam chm A bng vic cho dng in i qua
cun dy qun quanh mt li thp, lc ny nam chm A l mt nam chm in.
Hai u cun dy c ni kt vi ngun in DC to ra dng in chy trong
cun dy v sn sinh ra cc cc t Nam v Bc.
Khi nam chm in A quay, nam chm B quay theo. Cch sp xp ny xem
nh khng thun li bi v i tng th nht (nam chm in) vn phi quay
ko i tng th hai. Hn na ngn chn cc dy ni t ngun DC khi b
xon, ngun in phi quay cng tc vi nam chm in, iu ny gy ra nhiu
bt li.

Tuy nhin, nu cc tnh ca ngun DC thay i nh hnh v 1-2b, v tr ca

cc nam v cc bc trn nam chm in A thay i v nam chm B quay c 1/2
vng. Do cch sp xp ny cho php nam chm B quay nhng khng cn phi
quay nam chm in A. Bng cch ni ghp hai nam chm in, hai ngun in
DC v thay i cc tnh ca ngun in, iu ny cho php nam chm B quay
nhng khng phi quay bt k phn t no khc.

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PHNG TH NGHIM K THUT IN

Hnh:1-3

Hnh 1-3 biu din cch lp t li nam chm in hnh 1-2 t c

mc ch trn. Khi dng in c cung cp vo hai nam chm in theo th t
nh hnh 1-3, s to ra mt nam chm in quay A, kt qu l nam chm B quay
theo. cng chnh l nguyn l c bn ca tt c cc loi ng c in quay.
thay i chiu quay ca nam chm B ta phi cung cp dng in vo
cc cun dy nam chm nh hnh 1-4.

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PHNG TH NGHIM K THUT IN

Hnh:1- 4

My pht in hot ng da trn nguyn l cm ng in t ca Faraday

c pht biu nh sau:
- Mt sc in ng cm ng E xut hin gia hai u cun dy, nu t
thng mc vng qua cun dy l hm s ca thi gian.
- Gi tr ca sc in ng cm ng t l thun vi tc bin thin ca t

thng.
Sc in ng cm ng c xc nh theo cng thc sau:

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PHNG TH NGHIM K THUT IN

E N

Hnh:1-5

Nu nam chm quay hnh 1-3 v 1-4 quay, cc ng sc t ca n s

gy ra mt sc in ng cm ng trong cun dy ca nam chm in, n c
gi l cun dy stator bi v n khng bao gi quay. iu ny s gy ra dng in
chy trong cun dy stator khi hai u cun dy c ni ngn mch, do sn
sinh ra mt t trng khc. S tng tc gia t trng stator v t trng ca
nam chm quay s to ra lc cn chuyn ng quay ca nam chm. y l nguyn
l c bn ca Dynamometer to ra mmen cn.
Cng c kh c to ra bt k khi no c lc F tc ng lm di chuyn
mt vt qua mt khong cch d, v cng c nh ngha bi cng thc sau:
W = F d (Nm)
Tng tng rng vt th di chuyn xung quanh mt trc c bn knh r do
mt lc F gy ra. Lc ny Mmen T tc ng ln vt c xc nh theo cng
thc:
M = F r (Nm)

Nu vt th quay vi tc n (vng/pht), th cng c hc c tnh theo

cng thc:
P = M 2n/60 = (M n)/ 9,55 (W)

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PHNG TH NGHIM K THUT IN

PHN III: NI DUNG TH NGHIM

I. NGUYN L HOT NG CA NG C S CP

1. Lp mch nh hnh 1.6

ES

+
E1

T
N

T
N

PRIME
MOVER

Hnh 1.6: Mch ng c s cp

2. t cc thng s iu khin nh sau:

MODE Switch.PRIME MOVER

DISPLAY SwitchSPEED
3. M ngun cung cp, iu chnh in p t khong 10% in p nh mc ca
PRIME MOVER. Ghi li gi tr in p E1 v s vng quay n:
E1 =..........................V.
n =..........................r/min.

Cc tnh ca vn k E1?

Polarity of E1 = .........................

Prime mover quay theo chiu no?

Direction of rotation = ..........................

4. Tt ngun cung cp v gi nguyn in p.

5. Hon i hai dy ni vo im 7 v N. M ngun cung cp v ghi li chiu

quay ca ng c:
Direction of rotation = ..........................
Khi hon i v tr hai dy ni vo 7 v N th c s thay i g hin th trn
ng h N:

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6. Tt ngun cung cp v vn nm iu chnh in p v zero.
7. Hon i v tr hai dy ni vo 7 v N

8. M ngun cung cp v iu chnh in p t t ng c s cp tng tc t

0 n 2100 rpm, chia lm 7 bc mi bc 300 rpm. ng vi mi bc ghi li gi
tr in p, tc v mmen vo Data table.

9. Sau khi tt c s liu c ghi, tt ngun cung cp v vn nm iu chnh

in p v zero.
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PHNG TH NGHIM K THUT IN

PRIME MOVER SPEED

(rpm)

10. Trong ca s mn hnh Graph, v th biu din mi quan h gia tc v

in p t vo Prime Mover. Trc X l trc in p, trc Y l trc tc

PRIME MOVER VOLTAGE (V)

Cho bit mi quan h gia in p t vo ng c v tc ca ng c?
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11. M ngun cung cp v t gi tr in p khong 10%. Trn Prime Mover t
cng tc MODE v tr DYN v quan st ng c trong vi giy.
C phi ng c ngng quay khng, iu chng t rng nng lng
b ct?

Phi

Khng
12. Trn Prime mover t cng tc MODE tr v v tr PRIME MOVER (P.M).
Trn Power Supply, iu chnh in p ng c t tc 1500 rpm.
13. Trn Prime mover t cng tc DISPLAY v tr TORQUE (T). Ghi li gi tr
mmen ma st TF c ch bi mn hnh DISPLAY.
TF (P.M) = .....................Nm.

Ti sao gi tr mmen c du m trong ng c quay cng chiu kim ng h?

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14. Tt ngun cung cp v iu chnh in p v zero.

15. Trn mn hnh Graph v th biu din mi quan h gia tc v mmen

ma st c ghi trn ng h T, da vo cc s liu bc 8. Trc X l trc tc
, trc Y l trc mmen ma st.

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PRIME MOVER
FRICTION TORQUE (Nm)

PHNG TH NGHIM K THUT IN

PRIME MOVER SPEED (rpm)

M t s thay i ca mmen ma st khi tc ng c thay i t 0 n
2100rpm:
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16. Hon i v tr hai dy ni vo ng c ti hai im 7 v N. M ngun cung
cp v iu chnh in p ng c t tc 1500 rpm.
C phi mmen hin th trn ng h T ngc du vi mmen trong bng
Data Table bc 8 nhng c cng gi tr khi tc ng c l 1500rpm?

Phi

Khng

17. Tt ngun cung cp v vn nm iu chnh in p v zero.

18. Hon i v tr hai dy ni vo ng c ti hai im 7 v N. Dng dy curoa

lin kt PRIME MOVER vi ng c khng ng b ba pha.

19. M ngun cung cp v iu chnh in p Prime Mover quay t tc

1500 rpm. Ghi li gi tr mmen cn TOPP c hin th trn ng h momen T.
TOPP =......................Nm.

So snh mmen cn TOPP vi mmen ma st TF o c bc 13. Gii thch

ngn gn ti sao c s khc nhau gia hai gi tr mmen trn.
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20. Trn mn hnh metering chn ng h mmen ch correction (C). ng
h T lc ny ch gi tr mmen cn gy ra bi ng c khng ng b ba pha. Ghi
li gi tr mmen ny.
TOPP(MACHINE) = .......................Nm.

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PHNG TH NGHIM K THUT IN

S dng cc gi tr mmen o c bc ny vi cc gi tr mmen o c

bc 19, so snh gi tr mmen cn gy ra bi ng c khng ng b
(TOPP(MACHINE)) vi gi tr tng mmen cn (TOPP).
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II: NGUYN L HOT NG CA LC K
1. Lp mch nh hnh 1.7
IS

ES

+
+

I1

E1

T
N

T
N

PRIME
MOVER

T
DYNAMOMETER

T
N

Hnh 1.7. ng c s cp lin kt vi lc k

2. Trn b Prime Mover/ Dynamometer c s dng nh Prime Mover t cc
thng s iu khin nh sau:
MODE Switch..PRIME MOVER

DISPLAY Switch SPEED

Trn b Prime Mover/ Dynamometer c s dng nh Dynamometer t cc

thng s iu khin nh sau:
MODE Switch..DYN
LOAD CONTROL MODE Switch..MAN
LOAD CONTROL Knob.MIN
DISPLAY Switch.TORQUE
3. Chn file DCMOTOR 1.dai

4. M ngun cung cp v iu chnh in p Prime Mover t tc 1500 rpm.

Quan st gi tr mmen TD c hin th trn mn hnh DISPLAY ca

Dynamometer xp x bng zero. Gii thch ngn gn ti sao?
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PHNG TH NGHIM K THUT IN

5. Trn Prime Mover t cng tc DISPLAY Switch v tr TORQUE. Ghi li gi

tr mmen cn TOPP ch trn mn hnh DISPLAY ca Prime Mover:
TOPP = .....................Nm.

Gii thch ngn gn ti sao gi tr mmen hin th trn mn hnh DISPLAY

ca Prime Mover v Dynamometer khc nhau mc d chng c lin kt c kh
vi nhau.
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Nguyn nhn g to ra mmen cn tc ng ln trc ca Prime Mover
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6. Trn Dynamometer, iu chnh t t nm LOAD CONTROL tng momen t
0 n 1 Nm trong khi tng ti quan st tc c hin th ng h N trn mn
hnh Metering.
Tc ng c thay i nh th no khi mmen TD tng t 0 n 1 Nm.

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Ti sao mmen TD v tc n ca Dynamometer cng du?
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7. Trn Power Supply, iu chnh li in p Prime Mover t tc 1500 rpm.
Ghi li gi tr mmen cn TOPP c hin th trn mn hnh DISPLAY ca Prime
Mover:
TOPP = ..................Nm.

8. Trn Dynamometer, vn t t nm LOAD CONTROL mmen TD c ch

trn mn hnh DISPLAY ca Dynamometer t 2.0 Nm.

Trn Power Supply, iu chnh li in p Prime Mover quay t tc

15000rpm. Ghi li gi tr mmen cn TOPP c hin th trn mn hnh DISPLAY
ca Prime Mover:
TOPP = ...................Nm.

Mmen TOPP thay i nh th no khi mmen TD tng t 0 n 2.0 Nm ?

Gii thch ngn gn ti sao?
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PHNG TH NGHIM K THUT IN

So snh s thay i ca mmen cn TOPP vi s thay i ca mmen TM

(nh rng TM = - TD ).
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9. m bo mmen TD c hin th trn mn hnh DISPLAY ca Dynamometer
l 2.0Nm.
Trn mn hnh Metering, chn ng h mmen T ch correction (C).
ng h mmen T lc ny ch mmen TOUT sinh ra trn trc ca Prime Mover.
Ghi li gi tr mmen ny.
TOUT =....................Nm.

iu g xy ra khi Anh (ch) chn ch correction trn ng h mmen T

? Gii thch ngn gn ti sao.
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So snh momen TOUT vi mmen cn TOPP o c bc 8. Gii thch
ngn gn ti sao mmen TOUT hi nh hn so vi mmen cn TOPP.
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10. Tt ngun cung cp v iu chnh in p v zero.
11. Hon i v tr hai dy ni vo 7 v N. M ngun cung cp v iu chnh in
p Prime Mover quay t tc 1500 rpm. Ghi li gi tr mmen TOUT sinh ra
trn trc Prime Mover.
TOUT = ...................Nm.

iu g xy ra khi thay i chiu quay ca Prime Mover?

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12. Tt ngun cung cp v iu chnh in p v zero.

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PHNG TH NGHIM K THUT IN

III: CNG SUT, TN THT V HIU SUT

1. Lp mch nh hnh 1-8
IS

ES

+
+
E1

I1
T
N

T
N

1
PRIME
MOVER

T
DYNAMOMETER

T
N

Hnh 1-8 Mch o cng sut, tn hao v hiu sut

2. Trn b Prime Mover/ Dynamometer c s dng nh Prime Mover t cc
thng s iu khin nh sau:
MODE Switch..PRIME MOVER

DISPLAY Switch SPEED

Trn b Prime Mover/ Dynamometer c s dng nh Dynamometer t cc

thng s iu khin nh sau:
MODE Switch..DYN
LOAD CONTROL MODE Switch..MAN
LOAD CONTROL Knob.MIN
DISPLAY Switch.TORQUE
3. M ngun cung cp v iu chnh in p Prime Mover quay t tc 1500
rpm. Trn Dynamometer, iu chnh nm LOAD CONTROL mmen hin th
trn mn hnh Dynamometer t gi tr 1.0Nm.

4. Ghi li tc n ca Prime Mover v cng sut TOUT to ra trn trc Prime

Mover:
n = ..................r/min
TOUT (P.M) = .....................N.m

Tnh cng sut c kh ca Pm ca Prime Mover theo cng thc sau:

Pm (P.M )

n TOUT
9.55

P m (P.M) = ....................W (Caculated)

Ghi li gi tr cng sut Pm trn ng h Pm ca mn hnh Metering.

P m (P.M) = ....................W (Measured)
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PHNG TH NGHIM K THUT IN

So snh gi tr cng sut Pm o c v Pm tnh ton, chng c bng nhau

khng?

Phi

Khng

5. Ghi li gi tr cng sut in cung cp cho Prime Mover PIN c ch trn ng

h o PQS1.
P IN(P.M) = ......................W

So snh gi tr cng sut c kh Pm sinh ra trn trc Prime Mover v gi tr

cng sut in PIN(P.M). Cng sut tn hao trn Prime Mover l bao nhiu:
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6. Tnh hiu sut ca Prime Mover theo cng thc sau:

Pm
100%
PIN
_______%

Ghi li gi tr hiu sut c ch ng h A trn mn hnh Metering.

=....................%.

So snh gi tr hiu sut o c v gi tr hiu sut tnh ton. Chng c

bng nhau khng?

Khng

7. Trn Dynamometer, chnh nm LOAD CONTROL v v tr MIN gi tr

mmen c ch trn mn hnh DISPLAY ca Dynamometer xp x zero.Trn
Power Supply, iu chnh li in p tc Prime Mover t 1500
vng/pht.
8. Trn Dynamometer, iu chnh nm LOAD CONTROL gi tr mmen c
ch trn mn hnh DISPLAY tng t 0 n 2 Nm, chia thnh 10 bc, sau mi
bc ghi li tt c gi tr trn mn hnh Metering vo Data table. Sau khi tt c s
liu ghi xong, lp tc tt ngun cung cp.

PRIME MOVER
EFFICIENCY
(%)

9. Trn mn hnh Graph, v th biu din mi quan h gia hiu sut v cng
sut c kh sinh ra trn trc Prime Mover. Chn trc Y lm trc hiu sut, trc X
lm trc cng sut c.

PRIME MOVER MECHANICAL OUTPUT POWER (W)

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PHNG TH NGHIM K THUT IN

M t s thay i ca hiu sut khi cng sut trn trc ng c thay i:

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PHN IV: KT LUN

Prime Mover c bn l thit b chuyn i in p - tc . Tc v chiu
quay c quan h trc tip ti bin v cc tnh ca in p u vo. Gi tr in
p u vo cng ln, th tc ng c cng ln. Khi thay i cc tnh ca in
p u vo th chiu quay ng c s thay i. Anh (ch) thy rng chiu quay
ngc chiu kim ng h c hin th bi gi tr m. Anh (ch) cng thy rng
mt phn nh mmen c c sinh ra kh mmen ma st TF v du ca mmen
thay i khi chiu quay thay i. Anh (ch) thy rng mmen hin th trn mn
hnh DISPLAY ca Prime Mover l mmen cn, do du ca mmen cn ngc
vi du ca tc . Mmen cn ny tng ln khi mt my in quay c lin kt
vo Prime Mover. Anh (ch) chng minh c rng gi tr mmen hin th bi
ng h T c th thay i ng h T ch ng gi tr mmen cn gy ra bi
my in c truyn ng. Anh (ch) cng pht hin ra rng mmen cn gy ra
bi my in c truyn ng nh hn tng mmen cn tc ng ln Prime
Mover.
Anh (ch) thy rng, gi tr mmen c ch trn mn hnh Dynamometer
hoc trn ng h T trn mn hnh Metering l mmen m Prime Mover phi sinh
ra thng mmen cn do Dynamometer sinh ra. Anh (ch) cng thy rng
mmen ny tng khi mmen cn do Dynamometer sinh ra tng ng thi tc
ca Prime Mover s gim. Anh (ch) c th thay i ch trn ng h T mn
hnh Metering ng h ch ng gi tr ca mmen cn do Dynamometer sinh
ra v mmen ny nh hn so vi mmen c ch trn ng h T ch NC
(Non-correction) bi v n bao gm c mmen m Prime Mover phi sinh ra
kh mmen ma st ca dy ai TF (BELT) v mmen ma st ca Dynamometer TF
(DYN).
Anh (ch) c th tnh c cng sut c kh sinh ra trn trc ng c bng
cch s dng tc v mmen c. Anh (ch) cng c th xc nh c hiu sut
bng cch ly t s gia cng sut c u ra v cng sut in u vo.

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