Dinding Sel

FUNCTION of the wall:

Memberi bentuk, Untuk proteksi sel, Membatasi pertumbuhan, Sebagai barrier, lokasi adhesins, contributes to motility...

Dinding Sel tumbuhan

Tebal, kuat kaku; pelindung sel Bertautan antara sel 1 dg sel lain plasmodesmata Sel muda ddg sel tipis lunak = ddg sel primerdinamis Sel dewasa ddg sel tebal, kuat, kaku = ddg sel sekunder Ssn molekuler tdr atas molekul protein & polisakarida pd tumb tinggi : serabut = selulosa, matrix ddg sel berupa glikoprotein & 2 jns polisakarida yi. Hemiselulosa & pektin Selain selulosa, hemiselulosa, pektin & glikoprotein, ddg sel tumb jg mengandung lignin, kitin & suberin

In the absence of a cell wall, plant cells adopt a spherical shape

Ddg sel primer & sekunder

Komponen penyusun ddg sel primer

Polisakarida :
Selulose Matrix polisakarida (hemiselulose, pektin)

Protein :
Protein struktural : arabinogalaktan, ekstensin Enzimatik : ekspansin, pektin methylesterase

 Ddg sel fungi & bakteri berbeda dg ddg sel tumb tinggi Pd fungi struktur ddg sel berlapis2 tgt tk kedewasaan fungi, & tdpt kitin & glukan yg membedakan ddg sel fungi dg ddg sel tumb tk tinggi.

Ddg sel bakteri

Ddg sel bakteri semi kaku krn mengandung peptidoglikan Pd bakteri Gr + kandungan peptidoglikan 40-90% & sbg ciri khas tdpt asam teikoat 20-50% berat kering ddg sel. Pd bakteri Gr kandungan peptidoglikan 1%

Note:

Protoplast: sel bakteri / fungi yg sensitive sec osmotik akibat hilangnya ddg sel. Membran sitoplasma tetap kokoh.
Spheroplast: Sel bakteri yg sec osmotik sensitive akibat hilangnya sebagian ddg sel. L-form: n [Lister Institute, London, where it was first isolated] (1948) : suatu varian bakteri dg btk L dibwh kondisi stress & tidak mempunyai ddg sel.

By electron microcopy

Peptidoglycan (murein) umum pd bakteri Gram positif & Gram negatif.

peptidoglycan memiliki 2 komponen
glycan
N-acetylglucosamines & N-acetylmuramic acids dihubungkan oleh -1,4 glycosidic bonds

peptide
tetrapeptide (in its mature form) dg dua btk D- & dua btk L Variasi ikatan peptida

Susunan

Organization

What we need to examine about composition

Components:
N-acetylglucosamine N-acetylmuramic acid D and L amino acids Dicarboxylic acids

Linkages:
-1,4 glycoside and peptide linkages

dicarboxylic acids:
oxalic acid............HOOC-COOH maleic acid..........HOOC-CH2-COOH succinic acid........HOOC-CH2-CH2-COOH glutaric acid.........HOOC-CH2-CH2-CH2-COOH

adipic acid...........HOOC-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-COOH
pimelic acid.........HOOC-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-COOH

Dua diamino acids (satu diantaranya adalah

dicarboxylic)

Susunan

Susunan

The big picture of the gram positive WALL

What else needs to be known about G+ and G- WALLS?

Gram POSITIVE
teichoic acids
phosphodiesters of substituted polyalcohols

What else needs to be known about G+ and G- WALLS?

Gram POSITIVE
teichoic acids
phosphodiesters of substituted polyalcohols

Some bacteria have specialized surface proteins, e. g., the M-protein of Streptococcae spp.
The coiled-coil dimeric nature of M protein and its relationship to the bacterial cell surface is shown. The N-terminal region of the M protein, distal to the cell surface, varies among different M types, thereby providing the molecular basis of the Lancefield method of serotyping group A streptococci.

The big picture of the gram negative ENVELOPE

What else needs to be known about G+ and G- WALLS?

Gram NEGATIVE have LPS: LipoPolySacchrides

wall envelope ???

A cell is a discrete mass surrounded by a membrane Typically (except for the
Mycoplasma and a few other variants), there is

wall or membrane distal to the cell surface. What is between the cell membrane and these outer structures?

What is the periplasm?

A space between the cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan layer (gram positives) and the outer envelope (gram negatives). Function?

A repository for proteins that:

Bind sugars, amino acids, vitamins, and minerals;

Degrade large, impermeable macromolecules (this group includes nucleases, proteases, phosphatases);
Detoxify noxious components (e. g., lactams [using betalactamases].)

OK for the overview

There are Gram positive and Gram negative walls and envelopes. What variations exist?

The previous question is effectively answered by examining the Archea.

Interestingly, the Archea have variations in both cytoplasmic membrane and cell wall structure that substantiates the distinction between Bacteria and Archea

Some Archea have proteinaceous surfaces

Called an S-layer

No Archea have an authentic murein

But some have a pseudomurein

Archea juga berbeda pd cytoplasmic membranes