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April 2009
 
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All rights reserved. Publications of the World HealthOrganization can be obtained from WHO Press,World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel.: +41 22 791 3264; fax:+41 22 791 4857; e-mail:bookorders@who.int).Requests for permission to reproduce or translateWHO publications - whether for sale or fornoncommercial distribution - should be addressed toWHO Press, at the above address (fax: +41 22 7914806; e-mail:permissions@who.int).The designations employed and the presentation ofthe material in this publication do not imply theexpression of any opinion whatsoever on the part ofthe World Health Organization concerning the legalstatus of any country, territory, city or area or of itsauthorities, or concerning the delimitation of itsfrontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on mapsrepresent approximate border lines for which theremay not yet be full agreement.The mention of specific companies or of certainmanufacturers' products does not imply that they areendorsed or recommended by the World HealthOrganization in preference to others of a similarnature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissionsexcepted, the names of proprietary products aredistinguished by initial capital letters.All reasonable precautions have been taken by theWorld Health Organization to verify the informationcontained in this publication. However, the publishedmaterial is being distributed without warranty of anykind, either expressed or implied. The responsibilityfor the interpretation and use of the material lies withthe reader. In no event shall the World HealthOrganization be liable for damages arising from itsuse.April 2009
 
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Foreword
These guidelines were edited by Keiji Fukuda, Hande Harmanci, Kidong Park, MaryChamberland, Elisabeth (Isis) Pluut, Tamara Curtin Niemi, Claudia Vivas and JumKanokporn Coninx of the Global Influenza Programme in the Health Security andEnvironment Cluster of the World Health Organization.This guidance is an update of
WHO Global Influenza Preparedness Plan, The role of WHO and recommendations for national measures before and during pandemics 
,published by WHO March 2005.
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 The information and recommendations contained in this guidance is the product ofexpert opinion, derived from several international consultations which includedexamination of available information and modeling studies, input from public healthexperts on lessons learned from SARS and both animal and human influenza responses,and consolidation of recommendations in existing WHO guidance. This guidance wassubject to an extensive public review. All external experts and contributors for allmeetings and consultations, including those in the public review, have signed adeclaration of interest statement in accordance with WHO policy. A small number ofparticipants indicated a conflict of interest. However it was deemed by the working groupthat these declarations were not sufficient in conflict with the recommendations, toexclude them from the guidance development process. The declarations of interest areavailable upon request. For more information on the revision process, see Annex 2.The Global Influenza Programme will revise this guidance in 2014, or sooner in the eventof significant developments which impact pandemic preparedness and responseplanning.
1 WHO Global Influenza Preparedness Plan. The role of WHO and recommendations for national measures before and during pandemics,
 
WorldHealth Organization. 2005 (WHO/CDS/CSR/GIP/2005.5)
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