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109
MILITARYREVIEW
September-October 2004
Osama bin-Laden Interview, June 1999:Entering the Mind of an Adversary
Lieutenant Commander Youssef H. Aboul-Enein, U.S. Navy
Review Essay
Osama bin-Laden’s news mediumof choice, the Al-Jazeera televisionnetwork, has enabled him to con-verse in a religious style of Arabicused by learned men of theology inSaudi Arabia. Al-Jazeera correspon-dent Jamal Abdul-Latif Ismail, authorof 
 Bin Laden, Al-Jazeera, and I 
(BinLaaden wa al-Jazeerah wa Ana) con-ducted a most insightful interviewwith Bin-Laden in 1999.
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This essayfocuses on excerpts from this inter-view and helps the reader understandthe meaning behind Bin-Laden’swords.
Getting the Interview
Ismail begins his book by describ-ing how he obtained interviews withBin-Laden and the number two al-Qaeda leader, Ayman Al-Zawahiri.Getting to Bin-Laden involved manyfalse starts and required workingwith contacts in London, Cairo, andPeshawar: an al-Qaeda operativewould set up an interview with Ismailthen abruptly cancel it. It is impor-tant to understand that Ayman Al-Zawahiri and members of his Egyp-tian Islamic Jihad (EIJ) orchestratedmedia events. Al-Zawahiri, who hasa keen understanding of the powerof media, imagery, and slogans, is aprolific writer about the past and fu-ture of Islamic militancy. His book 
Knights Under the Prophet’s Banner 
is required reading for those whowish to understand al-Qaeda.
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Thebook explains the rationale behind Al-Zawahiri’s strategic shift from attack-ing Egypt to directly attacking theUnited States.Ismail dealt with several al-Qaedafront men before landing the inter-view with Bin-Laden. Meetings athotels and telephone calls at speci-fied times finally resulted in Ismail’scontact with Al-Zawahiri via tele-phone. Ismail was taken to many safehouses and never knew if he wastemporarily stopping for a rest or if this was the place his interviewwould occur. It took 16 months tosecure a face-to-face interview withBin-Laden. Bin-Laden no longergrants personal interviews, no doubtbecause al-Qaeda used a hit teamposing as a television crew on 9 Sep-tember 2001 to assassinate NorthernAlliance commander Ahmed ShahMasood in Afghanistan. Bin-Ladennow videotapes his messages.
Interview and Assessment
Ismail’s interview affords muchinsight into Bin-Laden’s ego, mind,and psyche. Bin-Laden uses sym-bols and imagery that requires inter-pretation and chooses words care-fully to create a mystique and imagefor Arab audiences. Excerpts from theinterview follow:
Ismail:
Who is Osama bin-Laden,and what does he want?
Bin-Laden
: Praise be to Allah,Usama bin Muhammed bin Awad binLaden was by Allah’s grace born toMuslim parents on the ArabianPeninsula in the Malaaz District of Riyadh in the year 1377 Hejirah[1957]. With Allah’s grace, we wentto Medina 6 months after my birth.I then spent my entire life in theHijaz between Mecca, Medina, andJeddah.My father Sheikh Muhammedbin Awad bin Laden was born inHadramaut and left to work in theHijaz over 70 years ago. With Allah’sgrace, he was given an honor notbestowed on any contractor and thatis the building of the holy mosquein Mecca, which contains the bless-ed Kaaba. [Muslims believe this isthe first House of God establishedby the Prophet Abraham.] He thenundertook the construction of theprophet’s mosque in Medina. Whenthe Jordanian government an-nounced a bid to renovate the Domeof the Rock Mosque in Jerusalem,he gathered all his architects andengineers and asked them to place abid without any profit. They insistedthat they could submit a competitivebid and make a little profit on thisproject. So, may Allah have mercyon his soul, he further reduced thebid in order to guarantee servingthis project. It is with Allah’s gracethat he would occasionally pray inall three mosques in one day. It isno secret that he was one of thefounders of the Kingdom of SaudiArabia’s infrastructure.After this I studied in the Hijaz andmajored in economics at Jeddah Uni-versity or what is called King Abdul-Aziz University, I learned early theinner-workings of my father’s com-pany, may Allah bless him, despitethe fact that my father died when Iwas 10 years old, this is briefly whoOsama bin-Laden is.
Assessment
: What Bin-Ladendoes and does not reveal about him-self speaks volumes. He opens hisinterview by giving his full name,which establishes his Arab and Is-lamic bloodline. He never mentionsSaudi Arabia by name; he refers tothe country as the Arabian Penin-sula. Bin-Laden wants his audienceto understand that he grew up in theHijaz province, where Islam wasfounded 14 centuries ago.Bin-Laden is tremendously proudof his father but purposefully doesnot mention his mother, a Syrianwoman who did not remain marriedto his father for long. Bin-Laden didnot want to detract from his imageas a pure Arab fighter by disclosing
 
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September-October 2004
MILITARYREVIEW
that his mother was Syrian. An Arabin Bin-Laden’s mind is defined not bylanguage, but by religion and geog-raphy. An Arab is one who is fromthe Arabian Peninsula—a SunniMuslim—everyone else (Egyptians,Iranians, and Syrians) being lesspure.When Bin-Laden mentions thathis father died when Bin-Laden wasa child, he sends the message to lis-teners that he became independentat an early age. In Arabian societythe loss of a father is significant be-cause he is the chief patriarch. Muchattention is given to the fact that theProphet Muhammed was orphanedat a young age and needed an elderto protect him. Bin-Laden might havemodeled himself after Muhammed orhidden the fact that his older brothertook care of his mother and him untilBin-Laden was able to inherit hisfather’s funds.
Ismail:
What do you want?
Bin-Laden
: What we want andwhat we are demanding are the rightsof every living being. We demandthat our land be freed from our en-emies, and that our land be freed fromAmericans. For these living creatureswere given by God a protective in-stinct that refused to be intrudedupon. For these, may Allah praiseyou, are like the chickens. When anarmed person enters a chicken’shome, it attacks [the assailant], andit is only a chicken.We demand the rights for everyliving creature, specifically humanrights and in particular the [rights] of Muslims. There were aggressions onthe lands of Islam, particularly theholy shrines, the Al-Aqsa Mosque,the first center [qibla] in whichProphet Muhammed, peace be uponhim [PBUH], directed his prayers.This aggression continued with thealliance between crusaders and Jewsthat is led by America and Israel, inwhich they have taken the land of thetwo holy mosques [reference toSaudi Arabia], and there is no powerexcept by Allah. We desire to insti-gate the community [of Muslims] toundertake the liberation of their landand fight for the sake of Allah, mosthigh, so that Islamic law and Allah’sare raised high.
Assessment
:
Bin-Laden’s demandfor human rights is classic mimicry of the Western view of internationalhuman rights. Militants will feigndemocracy and petition for freedomto seek power, but once in power,impose a religious dictatorship. Bin-Laden makes clear his goals to insti-gate an Islamic militant revolutionagainst the United States and Israel.Bin-Laden believes the United Statesand Israel are in collusion to domi-nate the Islamic world. “There is nopower except for Allah,” is an oldsaying that denotes the helplessnessof Muslims. Bin-Laden uses his mes-sages of violent jihad as the remedyfor this helplessness.
Ismail:
[Ismail asks Bin-Ladenabout recent attacks by British andU.S. forces against Iraq during Op-eration Desert Fox.]
Bin-Laden
: Praise be to Allah, thelast attack [1999] that occurred a fewdays ago in Iraq was directed byAmerica and Britain. This confirmsmany meanings that are both danger-ous and significant. We will not dis-cuss here the material and humanlosses, the killing of our Muslimbrothers from among the Iraqi peoplebut will discuss the proofs [rationale]behind these attacks. America ac-cuses Iraq of using poison gasses onits own people and against theKurds. America accuses Iraq of us-ing its destructive weapons againstIran. What is significant and whatpeople should stop and take note of is that America did not speak of these things at that juncture, Americaat that time aided [Iraq], who wassubsidized by many agents in theregion.It [Iraq] became the largest Arab[military] power in the region threat-ening the security of the Jews andIsraeli security that has occupied thelegacy [Al-Aqsa Mosque] left us byour holy prophet [PBUH]. It waswhen [this threat to Israel] appearedthat it began making an issue of these things [Iraq’s weapons capa-bility]. It [America] claims to holdthem [Israel] accountable, [Americasays]: correct, there are advancedweapons and weapons of mass de-struction in Israel, but Israel hasnever used them, but Iraq uses them;this talk is redundant. America alsopossesses these weapons and hasdeployed them hitting entire nationsin the Far East in Nagasaki andHiroshima after Japan surrenderedand World War II was beginning itsconclusion. Despite this, Americainsisted on striking nations [their]fathers, children, women, and elderly.The truth must be revealed that anyattack today against any nation in theIslamic world is in reality an attack [orchestrated] by Israel and thatpeople must awake to this reality.People must organize large popu-lar movements to bring down worldorganizations that have enslavedand maintained their positions at theexpense of Islam and the Muslims.America has divorced itself from thispopular discontent, for the Jewshave been able to direct the Chris-tians from among the Americans andEnglish to encourage the strikeagainst Iraq. It is the Israeli influenceand Jewish influence inside theWhite House that has become clear.For the Defense Secretary is Jewish,the Secretary of State is Jewish, thehead of the CIA and national secu-rity, [all of] the highest officials areJews. They have encouraged theChristians to clip the wings of theIslamic world and the real objectiveis not Saddam Hussein but the de-velopment of the Islamic world as anemerging world power [sic]. Theyhave struck Iraq, encircled Libya be-fore, or if [the Americans] strike theAl-Shifa factory in Sudan, and it wasa plant that made medicine, are allclear signs of recent events [sic].It has become clear that no Mus-lim should and every sane personnot go to the United Nations. Mus-lims legally must not succumb to thisorganization that is heretical. We willtell those intelligent non-Muslims notto go to this organization, for look atNorth Korea, for [would] any saneperson go to an infidel to receive judgment[?]
Assessment:
Bin-Laden finishesthis section by railing about theUnited Nations, America’s control of the organization, and its right to vetoon the Security Council. He accusesMuslims who wish to divide theMuslims for their own gain or thosewho participate in the United Na-tions as not understanding their ownfaith.Bin-Laden’s claim that the UnitedStates dropped the atomic bomb af-ter Japan surrendered displays his
 
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MILITARYREVIEW
September-October 2004
incredible misunderstanding of theevents of World War II. He has nocomprehension of World War II,Operation Olympic, or U.S. PresidentHarry S. Truman’s decision to use theatomic bomb to shorten the war.
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Bin-Laden’s reference to World War IIand his manipulation of Islamic his-tory and the law shows how he takespieces of history and alters them to justify his arguments. He views theJapanese self-sacrifice and kamikazeethic from a jihadist perspective.Bin-Laden’s vehement anti-Semitism is a staple of many Islamicmilitant groups but also shows hisfixation on Israel and the demonizingof Jews, partly because of the Wah-habi doctrine by which he wasraised. It is not to Bin-Laden’s advan-tage to reveal Muhammed’s relation-ship with the Jews in Medina, wherethere was a societal compact be-tween Muslims and Jews to live asone community. It is also not in Bin-Laden’s interest to mention that earlyChristians helped sustain early Islam.One must also remember Bin-Laden’sreligious education is steeped in theteachings of Wahhabism. Wahhab-ism’s founder, Muhammed binAbdul-Wahab, in
Kitab al-Tawheed 
wrote, “The ways of the people of the book (Jews and Christians) arecondemned as polytheist.”
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Abdul-Wahab’s Islam is far more intolerantthan 7th-century Muslim doctrine.Bin-Laden’s focus is on incitement atall costs, and he prefers a simple ex-planation of a world in which Mus-lims are perpetual victims and self-examination is discouraged.
Ismail
: What impact did the Brit-ish and American strikes on Baghdadhave on anti-American sentiments inthe region, and [do you] see militaryresponses curbing [your] terroristefforts?
Bin-Laden
: Praise Allah, whatmust be understood regarding thisquestion is that the Muslim nationsafter this attack are nations that arenot in control of its destiny. Our en-emies roam freely and with conceitthrough our homes, lands, and airspace. They strike [Muslims] withoutseeking anyone’s permission andespecially during this attack. . . . Thecurrent [Arab] regimes are in a deepconspiracy [with the adversary, andhave lost the] ability to do anythingagainst this obscene occupation. Forit is up to Muslims, particularly theAhl al-Hal Wal-Aqd [those leadersthat loosen and bind communities];those of truthful Ulama, believingmerchants, and heads of tribes mustimmigrate for Allah’s sake and findfor themselves a place where theycan raise the banner of [offensive] jihad. To make their umma [commu-nities] aware of [the importance of]preserving their religion and dignity,otherwise all shall be lost. They mustreflect on what has happened to ourbrothers in Palestine . . . the Pales-tinian nation used to be famous forits agricultural prowess. . . . Thisnation today has made refugees un-welcome and rejected around theworld. . . . Why is there no responsewhen the Holy Mosque in Jerusalemis under attack, what will make 1.2billion Muslims move? This is some-thing that is incredulous that must beaddressed. . . . Anyone believing that[America will not] strike is living in afantasy.
Assessment
:
Bin-Laden’s refer-ence to immigrating to a place wherea banner of jihad can be raised isintended to encourage Muslims to join him in Afghanistan. Playing onIslamic history once again, Bin-Ladendescribes how Muhammed wasforced to leave Mecca to go toMedina, where he established thefirst Muslim society. Bin-Laden takesthis hijra (withdrawal) out of context.Muhammed was ordered to leaveMecca to spare Muslims from geno-cide. Bin-Laden also convenientlyexcludes how Muhammed peacefullyinteracted with non-Muslims inMedina and how he attempted toconstruct a single community madeup of Muslims, Jews, and other non-Muslims.Bin-Laden’s idea of migration andwaging offensive jihad was alsoused in the 1970s and 1980s by anEgyptian terrorist group called Takfirwal Hijrah whose followers left Cairoand traveled to remote regions of southern Egypt to wage war againstEgyptian authorities. No doubt Bin-Laden and his Egyptian ideologue,Ayman Al-Zawahiri, have discussedmany Islamic militant movements andtheir tactics.Bin-Laden’s reference to truthfulUlama (religious scholars) comesfrom his belief that any cleric whodoes not espouse Bin-Laden’s reli-gious view is being paid by Arabregimes. He considers the SaudiCouncil of Ulama a mouthpiece of the government. Bin-Laden admiresmilitant Saudi clerics like Sheikh SafarAl-Hawali, whose sermons about aninevitable clash between Islam andthe West are widely disseminated bycassette tape. Al-Hawali’s diatribes,which appeal to many young Saudistudents, offer an alternate and mili-tant explanation to the perceived im-potence of the Saudi regime duringOperation Desert Storm. Al-Hawali’sradical speeches include diatribesabout a worldwide conspiracyagainst Islam by the United Statesand Israel.There are indications that the reli-gious and political views of the 15Saudis among the terrorists who at-tacked the World Trade Center wereshaped by Al-Hawali’s tapes. An-other popular militant Saudi cleric,Skeikh Salman Al-Auda, has writtena book,
The End of History
, whichhighlights the decay of Western civi-lization and uses Muslims to accel-erate the collapse of the West.
5
Ismail:
Will there be a response tothe cruise-missile attacks on Af-ghanistan of 1998?
Bin-Laden
: With Allah’s grace wehave formulated with many of ourbrothers around the globe the WorldIslamic Front for the Jihad Againstthe Jews and Crusaders. The Front’sorganization and coordination iscoming along in an exceptional man-ner. It will have a wider ability tomove and achieve victory for thefaith and take revenge on the Jews,Christians, and Americans.
Assessment
:
Bin-Laden’s re-sponse demonstrates his patienceand unwillingness to strike withoutcareful planning and coordination.This is not the answer of an impul-sive person.
Ismail
points out to Bin-Ladenthat there have been no operationscarried out since the announcementat the World Islamic Front.
Bin-Laden
: [This organization]has not gained firm roots, and itsmembers come from varied back-grounds around the world. Theyhave wide activities within the move-ment. It is also not necessary to
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