Chapter 3 Vocabulary
1.Nucleus - innermost and is surrounded by a thin nuclear envelope2.Cytoplasm - surrounds the nucleus and is itself encircled by an even thinner cellmembrane (also called the plasma membrane)3.Cell membrane - more than a simple boundary surrounding the cellular contents; it is anactively functioning part of the living material, and many important metabolic reactionstake place on its surfaces4.Selectively permeable - a membrane controls which substances exit and enter 5.Cytoplasm - contents of a cell, excluding the nucleus and cell membranes6.Endoplasmic reticulum - organelle composed of a system of connected membranoustubules and vesicles along which protein is synthesized7.Ribosome - organelle composed of RNA and protein that is a structural support for proteinsynthesis8.Golgi apparatus - an organelle that prepares cellular products for secretion9.Mitochondrion - organelle housing enzymes that catalyze reactions of aerobic respiration10.Lysosomes - organelle that contains digestive enzymes11.Centrosome - cellular organelle consisting of two Centrioles12.Cilia / Flagella - microscopic, hair-like processes on exposed surfaces of certain epithelialcells13.Vesicles - membranous cytoplasmic sac formed by infolding of cell membrane14.Microfilament - tiny rod of actin protein in cytoplasm that provides structural support andmovement15.Microtubule - minute, hollow rod of the protein tubulin16.Nuclear envelope - protein lined channels called nuclear pores that allow varioussubstances to move between the nucleus and the cytoplasm17.Nucleolus - small structure within cell nucleus that contains RNA and proteins18.Chromatin -DNA and complex protein that condenses to form chromosomes duringmitosis19.Diffusion - random movement of molecules from region of higher concentration towardone of lower concentration20.Equilibrium - state of balance between two opposing forces21.Facilitated diffusion - diffusion in which carrier molecules transport substances acrossmembranes from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration22.Osmosis - diffusion of water through selectively permeable membrane in response toconcentration gradient23.Isotonic - describes a solution with the same concentration of dissolved particles as thesolution with which it is compared24.Hypertonic - describes a solution containing a greater concentration of dissolved particlesthan the solution with which it is compared25.Hypotonic - describes a solution containing a lesser concentration of dissolved particlesthan the solution to which it is compared26.Filtration - movement of material across a membrane as a result of hydrostatic pressure27.Active transport - process that uses metabolic energy to move a substance across a cellmembrane, usually against the concentration gradient
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