Bibliography -II

Articles on the Extension of Plancks and Einsteins Ideas Beyond Physics with examples from the observations on financial, economic, social, and political systems by Dr. V. Laxmanan
Compiled June 14, 2013 Last Updated: xx, xx, 2013
Left: Einstein receiving the Planck medal from Max Planck, on June 28, 1929 (years after both had received the Nobel Prize in Physics). During the award ceremony, Planck reportedly told Einstein that he was being awarded the medal for taking my (Plancks) horrible idea of an energy quantum and turning into an equally horrible idea of a quantum of light energy.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck_Medal

Right: Robert A. Millikan, with Einstein, when the latter visited Millikan at Caltech. Millikans Nobel Prize winning experiments confirmed Einsteins photoelectric law and also provided the first direct experimental determination of the Planck constant h.
http://www.millikanalumni.com/

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This continues the list compiled earlier April 16, 2013 which is listed below as Ref. [1] immediately below. The list is divided by subject with a chronological order maintained within each topic (listed below). 1. Bibliography, Articles on Extension of Plancks Ideas and Einsteins Ideas beyond physics, Compiled on April 16, 2013, http://www.scribd.com/doc/136492067/Bibliography-Articles-on-theExtension-of-Planck-s-Ideas-and-Einstein-s-Ideas-on-Energy-Quantum-totopics-Outside-Physics-by-V-Laxmanan [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] Mayor Bloombergs Comparison of Homicide Rates Baseball and Sports Statistics The Reinhart-Rogoff Excel Error and the Debt/GDP ratio. Highway Traffic Fatalities Airline Quality Ratings Gun Violence and Firearms-Related Deaths

Totally unrelated to the above general theme is the article entitled, How did Einstein himself derive the worlds most famous equation? which also calls to attention Einsteins own views on the velocity dependence of the mass m of a moving such as an electron. This is stated quite clearly by Einstein in the 1905 paper where he expresses his disagreement with the views of a varying mass held by Lorentz (who had already received the Nobel Prize in 1902). This is highlighted along with the implications of a defined value of the speed of light, and a defined value for the magnetic permeability, which means the electric permittivity also becomes a defined quantity, if we accept Maxwells theory of electromagnetism. These are highlighted within the context of continuing efforts to text the theory of relativity, as evident in the (falied) CERN experiments of 2011 with faster than light (FTL) neutrinos.

2. How Einstein Himself Derives the Worlds Most Famous Equation, E = mc2, Published June 8, 2013, http://www.scribd.com/doc/146483302/How-Einstein-Himself-Derivesthe-World-Most-Famous-Equation
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3. The Simplest Test of the Theory of Relativity and a Brief Discussion of Einsteins God Letter, Published October 10, 2012, http://www.scribd.com/doc/109540492/A-Simple-Test-of-SpecialRelativity-and-A-Brief-Discussion-of-Einstein-s-God-Letter-within-thecontext-of-Krishna-Stories 4. Why did Einstein Postulate that the Speed of Light Is a Constant? To be Published on June 15, 2013 (or soon thereafter??) 5. Money in Economics is Just like Energy in Physics: Extending Plancks Law Beyond Physics, Published Jan 14, 2013, Introduction to the generalized statement of Plancks radiation law and application to describe the maximum point on the profits-revenues graph of a company (the old, GM, Ford, Yahoo), http://www.scribd.com/doc/120324960/Money-inEconomics-is-Just-like-Energy-in-Physics-Extending-Planck-s-law-beyondPhysics The favorite American game of baseball is being used as a proxy (in the articles listed) here for a broader understanding of the significance of the real meaning of the ratio y/x and y/x. Both ratios are used but inconsistently and mostly we use the y/x ratio and create a lot of confusion, frustration, and political and social divisions. The ratio y/x is widely used discuss a wide range of financial and economic data, in addition to social, political, cultural and environmental trends (profit margin, unemployment rate, the Debt/GDP ratio, homicide rates, traffic fatality rates to name a few) and is also used in sports (to predict if Cabrera is on pace to break Wilsons single-season RBI record). However, the y/x ratio is NOT a true measure of the rate of change. The ratio y/x, which is rarely used in these contexts, is the true measure of the rate of change and only the use of this ratio, rather than the y/x ratio, will yield correct predictions of at least the near future trends. It also leads to the untenable comparisons such as those made by Mayor Bloomberg recently when he compared the NYC homicides record with records of other major US cities. This is highlighted here by calling attention to:

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a) the marginal tax rate m = y/x in the tax equation y = mx + c which describes the US tax code and b) the use of the ratio y/x to discuss the amazing four-game stretch ofCabrera from May 19 to May 23, 2013 where he had a batting average y/x = change in hits/change in At Bats = 9/15 = 0.600. The above means that we understand the difference between y/x and y/x but use it inconsistently without reflection. The root cause of the frequent and frustrating lapse into, Lies, Damned Lies, and Statistics! The theoretical framework provided by a broader generalization Einsteins ideas (the meaning of the work function in the photoelectric law) and Plancks ideas (the broader meaning of entropy, energy and temperature and the average energy U of a complex system of N particles with various energy states, giving rise to entropy and the notion of temperature) will provide a deeper understanding of what we are now doing by using y/x ratios instead of investigating the nature of the x-y relation. The articles discussing Mayor Bloombergs comparison and other articles here along with the Google, Apple, Kia, Southwest Airlines and AirTran articles (in Part I) of this bibliography list also provide the theoretical justification.

1. Mayor Bloombergs Comparison of Homicide Rates

6. Mayor Bloombergs Comparison of the Homicide Rates in Detroit, Chicago, and New York Is Re-examined, Published June 15, 2013 http://www.scribd.com/doc/147960590/MayorBloomberg%E2%80%99s-Comparison-of-the-Homicide-Rates-in-ChicagoDetroit-and-New-York-Is-Re-examined This article provides a good starting point for a discussion of we use (or rather abuse) y/x ratios without paying attention to the underlying x-y relation (financial, business, and economic data analysis, in particular). See also articles listed under Gun Violence and Firearms-related Deaths.
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2. Baseball and Sports Statistics

7. Babe Ruths 1923 Batting Statistics and Einsteins Work Function, Published April 17, 2013, http://www.scribd.com/doc/136489156/BabeRuth-s-1923-Batting-Statistics-and-Einstein-s-Work-Function 8. Babe Ruth Batting Statistics and Einsteins Work Function, To be Published April 17, 2013, http://www.scribd.com/doc/136556738/BabeRuth-Batting-Statistics-and-Einstein-s-Work-Function 9. The Method of Least Squares: Predicting the Batting Average of a Baseball Player (Hamilton in 2013), Published May 7, 2013, http://www.scribd.com/doc/139924317/The-Method-of-Least-SquaresPredicting-the-Batting-Average-of-a-Baseball-Player-Hamilton-in-2013 10. Miguel Cabreras Career WAR and Batting Average: An Amazing Correlation http://www.scribd.com/doc/145839586/Miguel-Cabrera-sCareer-Wins-Above-Replacement-WAR-and-Batting-Average-BA-AnAmazing-Correlation 11. Miguel Cabreras Wins Above Replacement (WAR) and Batting Average: An Amazing Correlation, Published June 5, 2013. http://www.scribd.com/doc/145839586/Miguel-Cabrera-s-Career-WinsAbove-Replacement-WAR-and-Batting-Average-BA-An-AmazingCorrelation 12. What is the Big Difference Between the Wilson and Cabrera Eras? Published June 3, 2013, http://www.scribd.com/doc/145626322/What-isthe-Big-Difference-Between-the-Wilson-and-the-Cabrera-Eras-in-Baseball 13. The Batting Average and Wins Above Replacement (WAR) for all the batting Leaders in 2013 Season (to date), Published June 6, 2013. http://www.scribd.com/doc/146052658/The-Batting-Average-BA-andWins-Above-Replacement-WAR-Relation-for-the-Batting-Leaders-in-the2013-Season 14. What is Wrong with Ratio Analysis? Baseball Offers an Interesting Example with Wide Applications, Published May 31, 2013. http://www.scribd.com/doc/144798463/What-is-Wrong-With-RatioAnalysis-Baseball-Offers-an-Interesting-Example-with-Wider-Applications

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15. Is Miguel Cabrera on Pace to Break Hack Wilsons Single-Season RBI Record?, Published May 28, 2013, http://www.scribd.com/doc/144083838/Is-Miguel-Cabrera-on-Pace-toBreak-Hack-Wilson-s-Single-Season-RBI-Record-YES-Can-I-Changed-MyMind-on-This-Read-On-Now 16. Fundamental Concepts in Data Analysis, Published May 29, 2013, http://www.scribd.com/doc/144351498/Fundamental-Concepts-in-DataAnalysis 17. Trust Me, the Financial World will Change Forever if Wall Street Starts Analyzing Financial Data like we do Baseball Stats, Published May 26, 2013, http://www.scribd.com/doc/143781795/Trust-Me-the-FinancialWorld-will-change-forever-if-Wall-Street-starts-analyzing-financial-datalike-we-do-baseball-stats-Miguel-Cabrera 18. Instablog at Seeking Alpha, Trust Me, The Financial World will Change forever if Wall Street Starts Analyzing Financial Data Like we do Baseball Statistics: Miguel Cabrera, Posted May 26, 2013, http://seekingalpha.com/instablog/958073-vlaxmanan/1894301-trustme-the-financial-world-will-change-forever-if-wall-street-starts-analyzingfinancial-data-like-we-do-baseball-statistics-miguel-cabrera 19. Instablog at Seeking Alpha: What is Wrong with Ratio Analysis? Baseball Again Offers an Interesting Example, Published on May 31, 2013,
http://seekingalpha.com/instablog/958073-vlaxmanan/1910731-what-iswrong-with-ratio-analysis-used-by-wall-street-baseball-again-offers-aninteresting-example

3. The Reinhart-Rogoff Microsoft Excel error and the Debt/GDP ratio

20. An MIT Non-Economists View of the Harvard-UMass Debt/GDP Ratio and Economic Growth Debate, Published April 26, 2013, http://www.scribd.com/doc/138076426/An-MIT-Non-Economist-s-Viewof-the-Harvard-UMass-Debt-GDP-Ratio-and-the-Economic-Growth-Debate 21. Iceland Votes Against Austerity: Analysis of Icelands Debt-GDP, Published April 28, 2013,
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http://www.scribd.com/doc/138345921/Iceland-Votes-AgainstAusterity-Analysis-of-Iceland-s-Debt-GDP-Data-2002-2012 22. A Brief Survey of the Debt-GDP Relations for Some Modern 21st Century Economies, Published May 1, 2013, http://www.scribd.com/doc/138912093/A-Brief-Survey-of-the-DebtGDP-Relationship-for-Some-Modern-21st-Century-Economies 23. Is the US National Debt Out of Control: The Trillionaires Club of Nations, Published May 2, 2013, http://www.scribd.com/doc/139114239/Is-US-National-Debt-Out-ofControl-The-Trillionaires-Club-of-Nations 24. The Method of Least Squares: The GDP-Debt Relation for the Trillionaire Club of Nations, Published May 4, 2013, http://www.scribd.com/doc/139348541/The-Method-of-Least-SquaresThe-GDP-Debt-Relation-for-the-Trillionaires-Club-of-Nations

4. Highway Traffic Fatalities

Please see other articles on this topic in Part I of this Bibliography and also the Reference Lists here. 25. Highway Fatalities Trend Shows its First Uptick in Six Years: Predicting the Crossover with Firearms Deaths, Published May 18, 2013, http://www.scribd.com/doc/142199172/Highway-FatalitiesTrend-Shows-Its-First-Uptick-in-Six-Years-Predicting-Crossover-withFirearms-Deaths 26. The Correlation Between Highway Traffic Deaths and the US Economy, Published May 20, 2013, http://www.scribd.com/doc/142526685/The-Correlation-BetweenHighway-Deaths-and-the-US-Economy 27. Is VMT Even the Proper Metric to Determine Traffic Fatality Rates? http://www.scribd.com/doc/143156075/Is-Vehicle-Miles-Traveled-VMTEven-the-Proper-Metric-to-Determine-Traffic-Fatality-Rates, Published May 23, 2013.
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5. Airline Quality Ratings

Mathematically speaking, the analysis now being used here is amazingly similar to the composite rankings that we develop for various companies in the annual Fortune 500 and Forbes 500 and other list for companies. In the case of airlines, the y/x ratio is shown to favor smaller airlines, with fewer flights (and hence higher On-Time Arrivals and fewer Missed Baggages, Denied Boardings, and Customer Complaints). Investigating the nature of x-y relation here will need to new insights. 28. Airline Quality Report (AQR): Analysis of On-Time Arrival Percentages, Published April 18, 2013, http://www.scribd.com/doc/136760664/Airline-Quality-Report-2013Analysis-of-the-On-Time-Percentages

6. Gun Violence and Firearms-related Deaths

29. Alert!!! Gun Violence in America: The Suicides/Homicides Ratio Reveals that Americans are Killing Themselves Not Each Other Across States, Published May 14, 2013, http://www.scribd.com/doc/141451669/Gun-Violence-in-AmericaAmericans-Are-Killing-Themselves-NOT-Each-Other-Across-States 30. Michigan Firearms Related Suicides: The Linear Suicides-Population Law, Published May 14, 2013, http://www.scribd.com/doc/141334599/Michigan-Firearms-RelatedSuicides-The-Suicides-County-Population-Law 31. Brady Campaign State Rankings and the Firearms-related Death Rates: Einsteins Work Function Reappears, Published May 13, 2013, http://www.scribd.com/doc/141292101/The-Brady-Campaign-StateRanking-and-the-Firearms-Death-Rates-Einstein-s-Work-FunctionReappears 32. Comparison of the Strong and Weak Gun Law States and the Ten States with Highest Level of Gun Violence: Least Squares Analysis of
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the Data, Published May 10, 2013, http://www.scribd.com/doc/140536622/Comparison-of-the-Strong-andWeak-Gun-law-States-and-the-Ten-States-With-Highest-Levels-of-GunViolence-Least-Squares-Analysis-of-the-Data 33. Gun Deaths Statistics, The Method of Least Squares and the Overlooked Property of a Straight Line, Published May 8, 2013, http://www.scribd.com/doc/140152581/Gun-Death-Statistics-and-theMethod-of-Least-Squares-and-the-Forgotten-Property-of-a-Straight-line

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About the author V. Laxmanan, Sc. D.

The author obtained his Bachelors degree (B. E.) in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Poona and his Masters degree (M. E.), also in Mechanical Engineering, from the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, followed by a Masters (S. M.) and Doctoral (Sc. D.) degrees in Materials Engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. He then spent his entire professional career at leading US research institutions (MIT, Allied Chemical Corporate R & D, now part of Honeywell, NASA, Case Western Reserve University (CWRU), and General Motors Research and Development Center in Warren, MI). He holds four patents in materials processing, has co-authored two books and published several scientific papers in leading peer-reviewed international journals. His expertise includes developing simple mathematical models to explain the behavior of complex systems. While at NASA and CWRU, he was responsible for developing material processing experiments to be performed aboard the space shuttle and developed a simple mathematical model to explain the growth Christmas-tree, or snowflake, like structures (called dendrites) widely observed in many types of liquid-to-solid phase transformations (e.g., freezing of all commercial metals and alloys, freezing of water, and, yes, production of snowflakes!). This led to a simple model to explain the growth of dendritic structures in both the groundbased experiments and in the space shuttle experiments. More recently, he has been interested in the analysis of the large volumes of data from financial and economic systems and has developed what may be called the Quantum Business Model (QBM). This extends (to financial and economic systems) the mathematical arguments used by Max Planck to develop quantum physics using the analogy Energy = Money, i.e., energy in physics is like money in economics. Einstein applied Plancks ideas to describe the photoelectric effect (by treating light as being composed of particles called photons, each with the fixed quantum of energy conceived by Planck). The mathematical law deduced by Planck, referred to here as the generalized power-exponential law, might
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actually have many applications far beyond blackbody radiation studies where it was first conceived. Einsteins photoelectric law is a simple linear law and was deduced from Plancks non-linear law for describing blackbody radiation. It appears that financial and economic systems can be modeled using a similar approach. Finance, business, economics and management sciences now essentially seem to operate like astronomy and physics before the advent of Kepler and Newton. Finally, during my professional career, I also twice had the opportunity and great honor to make presentations to two Nobel laureates: first at NASA to Prof. Robert Schrieffer (1972 Physics Nobel Prize), who was the Chairman of the Schrieffer Committee appointed to review NASAs space flight experiments (following the loss of the space shuttle Challenger on January 28, 1986) and second at GM Research Labs to Prof. Robert Solow (1987 Nobel Prize in economics), who was Chairman of Corporate Research Review Committee, appointed by GM corporate management.

Cover page of AirTran 2000 Annual Report

Can you see that plane flying above the tall tree tops that make a nearly perfect circle? It requires a great deal of imagination to see and to photograph it.

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