CH 9 Linear Momentum and Collisions

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CH 9 Linear Momentum and Collisions

SubjectRelevantEquationsRelationshipsLinearMomentum

p=mv

S.I.=

kg•m/s•Constant "linear" momentum is the momentum of an object of mass "m"moving in a straight line with velocity v.•Upward movement yields positive momentum and downward movementyields negative momentum.•Momentum will change if its direction of motion changes.

MomentumandNewton'sSecond Law

Σ

F =

Δ

p/

Δ

t

Impulse

I=F

Δ

t

S.I.=

N•Skg•m/sI =

Δ

p

Conservtionof LinearMomentum

p

f

=p

i

•If net force acting on an object is 0, p is conserved; both force andmomentum are vector quantities.•Momentum conservation principles need to be applied to each separatecoordinate direction.

Internal andExternalForces

Conservation of momentum for a system:

•Internal forces have absolutely no effects at the net momentum of thesystem.•IF the net external force =0 then the net momentum is conserved.

CH 9 Linear Momentum and Collisions

CollisionsInelastic CollisionElastic Collision

•Momentum is conserved.P

f

=f

i

but k

f

does not equal k

i

.

Completely inelastic:

where objects stick togetherafter the collision. •IN these collisions maximumkinetic energy is lost.•Momentum and kinetic energyare conserved.P

f

=p

i

and k

f

=k

i

OneDimensionTwo Dimension

v

f

=½v

i

•Conserve momentumcomponent by component

One DimensionTwoDimension

Final velocity isalways positive.

v

i

,

f

=(m

1

-m

2

)/(m

1

-m

2

)v

i

v

2

,

f

= (2m

1

)/(m

1

+m

2

) v

i

v

i

,

f

= -v

i

v

2

, f = 0

•The speed of separation aftera head on elasticcollision is equalto the speedbefore thecollision.Note Page 252figure 9-7•Set finalKE toinitial KE.

•

Momentum shouldbeunchanged

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