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How to Connect Two Computers Directly
ByBipul Kumar Bal
When you don’t have any HUB or Switching device, you may face problemwith connecting two computers directly with the
CAT5e
or Category 5 cable.Now I will mainly focus on the case where you don’t have any hub.Initially I will describe all the things required in short, and then it is beendescribed vividly.
Short Description
•
 
Choose a network address for both the computers say 144.16.192.245and 144.16.192.247
•
 
Connect the two computers with the CAT5e cable. Now here is themain difference with connecting through hub. In case of hub both endof the cable will have the same color code (Later it has been describedas
S
traight Through
). But in case of our case (direct connection) weneed different color code for two ends. This color code is called
Cross-Over,
later it has been described.
•
 
Configure the computers for networking, see the vivid description forthis section.I hope you will be able to connect two computers directly. Best of luck 
Vivid Description
 
1.
 
Choose a Network Address
 
o
 
Any network address will do for this purpose
, so long as youunderstand the basics of how IPv4 works as explained below.
o
 
IPv4 (IP ver. 4) addresses
are written like this:xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx (four number groups separated by three dots),in all RFC-1166 compliant countries. Each number ranges from0 to 255. This is known as "Dotted Decimal Notation" or "Dot
 
Notation" for short. The address is divided into two portions:the network portion and the host portion.For "Classful" networks, the network and host portions are asfollows:("
n
" represents the network portion, "x" represents the hostportion)When the first number is 0 to 127 -
nnn
.xxx.xxx.xxx (ex.10.xxx.xxx.xxx)These are known as "Class A" networks.When the first number is 128 to 191 -
nnn.nnn
.xxx.xxx (ex.172.16.xxx.xxx)These are known as "Class B" networks.When the first number is 192 to 223 -
nnn.nnn.nnn
.xxx (ex.192.168.1.xxx)These are known as "Class C" networks.When the first number is 224 to 239 - The address is used formulti-casting.When the first number is 240 to 255 - The address is"experimental".Multicast & Experimental addresses are beyond the scope of this article. However, because IPv4 does not treat them thesame way as other addresses they should not be used.For simplicity "non-classful networks" and sub-netting will notbe discussed, as we will be connecting only two devices.The network portion specifies a network; the host portionspecifies an individual device on a network.For any given network:
 
The range of all possible host portion numbers gives the
Address Range
.
 
(ex. 172.16.xxx.xxx the range is 172.16.0.0 to172.16.255.255)
 
The
lowest
possible address is the
Network Address
.(ex. 172.16.xxx.xxx the network address is 172.16.0.0)This address is used by devices to specify the network itself, and
cannot be assigned to any device.
 
 
The
highest
possible address is the
Broadcast Address
.(ex. 172.16.xxx.xxx the broadcast address is172.16.255.255)This address is used when a packet is meant for
all
 devices on a specific network, and
cannot be assigned toany device.
 
 
The remaining numbers in the range are the
Host Range
.(ex. 172.16.xxx.xxx the host range is 172.16.0.1 to172.16.255.254)These are the numbers you can assign to computers,printers, and other devices.
Host Addresses
are individual addresses within thisrange.2.
 
Connect the two computers together.
 
o
 
To connect with a Crossover cable,
simply plug an end of thecable into the Ethernet Port of each computer.
o
 
To connect with a Hub or Switch,
use two straight throughcables to connect each computer to the switch or hub.
o
 
See "Things you will need" section for more information on"Straight Through" -vs- "Cross-Over" Cables.3.
 
Configure the computers for networking.
Go to internet options(this varies depending on the Operating System), and go to the dialogbox that lets you change the TCP/IP protocol. Change the radiobuttons from "Obtain from DHCP server automatically" to "Use thefollowing IP address:".
o
 
Give each computer a different address from the
host range
.Do not use the network address or the broadcast address.
o
 
Leave the "Default Gateway" and "DNS server" fields blank.
o
 
For the subnet mask, use the following:Class "A" NetworksWhen the first number is 0 to 127
of 00

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