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Considering That Printing and Steam Technologies EnabledTraditional Journalism to Flourish, How Will Advances inModern Technology Affect Citizen Journalism, and How WillThis Impact on Traditional Journalism?
Matthew W. A. Sparkes BScSchool of Computing Sciences,University of East Anglia,Norwich,United Kingdom,NR4 7TJ
 matt.sparkes@gmail.com
February 15, 2006
Abstract
 
Contents
1 Group Working 02 Introduction 13 The Birth of Traditional Journalism 1
3.1 Development of Movable Type Printing Press and Steam Engines . . . . . . . . . . . 13.2 Telegraph and Telephone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
4 The Birth of Citizen Journalism 2
4.1 Ethos of Citizen Journalism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.2 Does the Lack of Experience Matter? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.3 Moore’s Law Brings Technology into the Masses Hands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.3.1 The Internet Revolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.3.2 Digital Photography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
5 What Really Drives Journalism? 6
5.1 What Do Readers Want From Journalism? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.2 Online Journalism Becomes Free to Run . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
6 The Current Landscape of Journalism 8
6.1 The Decline of Mainstream Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86.2 Emergence - The Relentless Rise of Citizen Journalism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
7 Conclusion 9
7.1 Convergence - A Model for the Future . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
 
1 Group Working
My group consisted of myself, Anthony Grimmitt and Christopher Smith, and we met on a fewoccasions in order to coordinate the research performed for these essays. I believed that it wouldbe a wise idea to coordinate not just within the group, but also within the class, specifically on theselection of topics chosen for research. In this way we could ensure that no overlap was performedin research, and as wide a range of research could be done as was possible in the timeframe. Tothis end I set up a section on my website where I offered to post a list of names and chosen topicsof research. I also stated that I was willing to place the research there also, to allow anyone to readover the body of work as a whole. This was met with very little enthusiasm however, and no onechose to take me up on that offer, except within my own group. The whole endeavor turned outto be rather unnecessary; I received some research from Christopher, which was of no bearing tomy own work, and none from Anthony whatsoever. I placed my essay online, at periodic intervals,whilst writing it in lieu of research as I had a very clear idea in mind of what to write, so researchand writing were performed in parallel. On another note, I feel that I should disclose that I workfor the BBC website, which is used as a reference in this essay, in order to avoid any possible hiddenbias.0
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