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BI 2 V MCH IN VI LAYOUT
M Layout ln no!
By gi chng ta s bt u t u nh! Sau khi to c file *.MNL nh cui bi trc ta tip tc. Bi hng dn s c minh ha hon ton bng hnh nh.
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V mch in vi Layout
Mc Input Layout TCH or TPL or MAX file, chn _default.tch. (Chng trnh layout t tm n th mc cha cc file mu *.tch).
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V mch in vi Layout
Mc MNL netlist file: chn file MNL m ta to c cui bi trc. V d TD1.MNL. Chn xong phn Output layout MAX file s t ng c in vo l TD-1.MAX Bm Apply ECO
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V mch in vi Layout
y l phn gy bi ri cho khng t ngi khi mi s dng Layout v chn linh kin c sn ca Orcad qu nhiu, sp xp theo mc rt bi bn m ta th cha hiu g v cc chun chn ca cc linh kin, v d nh T092, T0220 Thm vo cc chn linh kin ca th vin c sn rt nh, gy kh khn khi lm mch in bng phng php i. Vi bi vit ny tc gi c km theo mt th vin cha hu ht cc loi linh kin thng dng nn rt d s dng, thiu ci no ta s t to thm (S hng dn k Bi 3)
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V mch in vi Layout
hp thoi chn chn linh kin, ta thm th vin i km vo bng cch n nt Add
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V mch in vi Layout
Nhp chut vo mc THU VIEN, chn footprint tng ng cho kinh kin
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V mch in vi Layout
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V mch in vi Layout
y khi linh kin nhiu rt kh nhm n li v chn v tr cho thch hp. Orcad 10.5 c mt chc nng mi l Place component from Capture. Chc nng ny gip bn c th va theo di s nguyn l v s mch in tin cho vic t linh kin trn board. s dng chc nng ny bn phi chy cng lc Capture (ct v s nguyn l) v Layout (ct v mch in). - Vo Layout, chn menu Options User Prefernces
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V mch in vi Layout
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V mch in vi Layout
Trong hp thoi User Preferences, cho vo Place Component from Capture. OK.
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V mch in vi Layout
Bn nhp vo mt linh kin tng ng bn Capture, a chut sang bn Layout, linh kin tng ng s c dnh ngay vo tr chut, bn c th t v tr ca n rt d dng. Lm ln lt nh th cho n ht th thi. Sau khi hon tt vic sp xp linh kin
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V mch in vi Layout
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V mch in vi Layout
Chy dy:
Sau khi sp xp v tr cc linh kin v v ng bao xong, iu quan trng by gi l chy dy, y l vic tng i kh khn. Orcad c chc nng Autoroute, sao ta khng tn dng n cho nhanh v hiu qu nh, li rt tit kim cng sc. Trc ht chn lp no cho n chy dy , nu lm mch 1 mt th ta ch cn chn lp BOTTOM l lp chy dy thi, cc lp cn li u chn l Unused Routing, trnh t lm nh trong hnh
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V mch in vi Layout
Nhn Ctrl v nhp chut chn nhiu lp 1 lc, mt cng chn tng ci. Mc nh th cc lp TOP, BOTTOM, INNER1, INNER2 l cc lp chy dy, ta tt bt cc lp TOP, INNER1, INNER2 bng cch chn thuc tnh ca n l Unused Routing nh trong hnh, ch li lp BOTTOM thi.
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V mch in vi Layout
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V mch in vi Layout
Autoroute:
Lu khi dng Autoroute bn phi c mt ng bao c thuc tnh Obstacle type l Global layer, Obstacle layer l Global layer bng cch nhp chut vo ng bao to lc trc, bm Ctrl+E (vo properties). Trong hp thoi Edit Obstacle bn chn thuc tnh nh trong hnh.
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V mch in vi Layout
Sau khi chy xong cc bn c thy cc ng rt b, li rt kht nhau, nu lm bng phng php i th rt kh v s b t ht v cc ng gn nhau rt d dnh mch. By gi ta phi chnh sa rng v khong cch gia cc net bng tay, lm vic ny rt mt, phi chnh tng t mt, cha k khi net to ra th bn s phi dch chuyn cc net khc na, c th s khng ch dch chuyn, v d nh khi c 5 ng cng chy vo khong gia ca IC.
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V mch in vi Layout
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V mch in vi Layout
Trc ht phi Unroute Board cho n tr v tnh trng ban u khi cha chy dy
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V mch in vi Layout
Chn h n v o l Millimeters (mm): Visible Grid bn nn chn l 2.54 thay v 0, 2.54mm l khong cch chun gia cc chn linh kin Place grid = 0.635: kch thc li t linh kin, nh vy mi bc di chuyn linh kin s b hn, bn c th chnh v tr ca n nh mun d dng hn l li c thch thc to. Via grid l li t cc Via Routing grid l li
Khi t s b linh kin cc v tr bn c th chn cc li b hn tin chnh sa, nh vy mch ca bn s p v b hn. Bn nn ly 2.54 lm chun t cc kch thc li khc l bi hoc c ca 2.54 nh 1.27( = 2.54/2), hay 0.635(= 2.54/4), 0.127 ( = 2.54/20)
OK.
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V mch in vi Layout
Sau khi chn h n v xong ta tr v li vic chn rng v khong cch gia cc ng cho Autoroute. Chn Window Nets
Trong hp thoi Nets, ct th 3 l ct rng ca cc ng, ban u n mc nh l 0.2. Ta chnh li bng cch nhp i vo Net Name
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V mch in vi Layout
Trong hp thoi Edit Net ta nhp cc gi tr Min Width, Conn Width, v Max Width l 0.35, kch thc ny l va phi lm mch in bng phng php i.
Tip theo khong cch gia cc net. Bm vo nt Net Spacing y chn BOTTOM l 0.35, kch thc ny l va phi khi lm mch in bng phng php i.
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V mch in vi Layout
Sau y ta c th chnh li cc ng to nh ng ngun hoc cc ng s phi chu dng ln. Nh trn hnh ng 5V ta chn li rng l 0.8 bng cc nhp i vo dng 5V hp thoi Nets
Tng t nh vy ta lm vi cc ng khc cn kch thc ln hoc b hn. Xong li tr v Auto Route. Chy i chy li, chnh sa khong cch, v tr t linh kin n lc no va th thi.
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V mch in vi Layout
Tuy nhin c mt iu l i vi cc mch ch c vi con linh kin th n gin cn nh mch hnh minh ha th my s khng bao gi Autoroute c ht tt c cc ng c. Do vy ta phi chy cc ng cn li bng tay, cha ra cc VIA ni jump mt trn. Cc ng mu vng cn li l cc ng ta phi t chy dy. Hu nh tt c cc ng cn li ny ta phi chy jump.
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V mch in vi Layout
Chy JUMP bng tay nh sau: Chn cng c Edit Segment tool
Edit segment tool
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V mch in vi Layout
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V mch in vi Layout
Tip tc nhy qua no! Bn ng 2 ng ct nhau, t na chnh sa sau. Nhy qua n ch trng li n E (to VIA). C lm nh th cho n khi ht cc ng cha chy th thi.
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V mch in vi Layout
Sau khi chy xong, by gi cn xa cc ng chy jump ct nhau lc ny i. a chut n ng cn xa, bm phm Dellete (trn bn phm), n s tr v trng thi ng mu vng nh cha chy dy, y chnh l nhng ch ta s ni JUMP mt trn.
JUMPER
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V mch in vi Layout
Trong hp thoi Track Width: New Width l rng ca ng (nn 0.3 l b nht vi lm mch in bng tay). La chn segment ch chnh sa rng ca on Connection chnh sa phn ni gia 2 im Net chnh rng cho tt c cc ng c lin kt vi nhau (tc c ni nhau). Chy dy bng tay kh mt phi khng cc bn! C bn hi Th c cch no cho my chy JUMP thay mnh lun khng? Cu tr li l C Y!!! Th ny nh, sau khi chy 1 mt xong , tc my bo chy xong hoc khng th chy c na, lc ny thay v phi h hc m chy bng tay th ta chun b cc ci t tip theo my chy JUMP thay mnh.
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V mch in vi Layout
Chn file jumper_h.sf hoc jumper_v.sf. File jumper_h.sf ci t cho my chy JUMP theo phng ngang, jumper_v.sf chy JUMP phng dc. Mt li khuyn y l nu mch bn t linh kin, ch yu l linh kin nhiu chn nh IC, theo phng dc (nh hnh minh ha) th bn nn chn chy JUMP theo phng dc lun v tng t nh vy i vi phng ngang. L do l cc jump khng chui qua khe chn linh kin. Bm nt OPEN.
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V mch in vi Layout
By gi bn phi m thm 1 lp na chng trnh chy JUMP trn lp . y ta chn lp TOP hoc SSTOP, chn thuc tnh ca n Jumper Layer.
Xong ta li Auto Route ln na, my s chy JUMP gip ta lun. Chy jump xong li Load file std.sf tr li trng thi cc lp nh ban u cho d xem.
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V mch in vi Layout
JUMPER
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V mch in vi Layout
Cng vic tip theo l ph MASS cho mch, va lm mch chc chn, chng nhiu, tn thuc khi ra mch v thi gian ra mch nhanh. Ta chn cng c Obstacle n phm BACKSPACE n tt c cc lp n phm 2 hin lp BOTTOM ln V mt ng bao quanh mch, n im trc khi hon thnh hnh ch nht ta bm chut phi, chn Properties (hoc Ctrl+E).
Obstacle tool
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V mch in vi Layout
Trong hp thoi Edit Obstacle ta chn Chn Obstacle type l Copper Pour Obstacle layer l BOTTOM Clearance l khong cch gia ng v phn ng ph mass, ta chn 0.8 Net Attachment chn l GND nu mun ph MASS, nu mch khng c mass ta mc ny l du . OK.
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V mch in vi Layout
V xong n phm ESC (ESCAPE) nhiu ln hon thnh ng bao (Obstacle) n F5 lm ti (refresh) li mn hnh.
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V mch in vi Layout
COMPLETED!!!
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V mch in vi Layout
Ngoi ra ta cn c th thm cc TEXT vo cho d xem bng cch s dng cng c Text tool. Chn cng c Text
Text tool
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V mch in vi Layout
Trong hp thoi Text Edit Text String l chui cn thm vo Line width l dy ca nt Text height l chiu cao ca ch Char Aspect l co gin ca ch, <100 th ch co li, > 100 th gin ra. Layer l lp m ch s c t trn. Rotation l gc quay ca ch.
Mc chn Mirror lm ch b ngc nh soi gng, nh tnh cht ny m ta lm mch in bng phng php i vn gi c ch ng.
(JUMPER 1)
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