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ht cho 2 ; 3 ; 5 v 9. Tuy nhin trong thc t c nhiu bi phi vn dng mt s tnh cht
chia ht khc gii. Chng ta cng tm hiu nh.
1. Du hiu chia ht cho 2: cc s x c tn cng l 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 th chia ht cho 2.
2. Du hiu chia ht cho 3: cc s x c tng cc ch s chia ht cho 3 th chia ht cho 3.
3. Du hiu chia ht cho 4: cc s x c 2 ch s tn cng chia ht cho 4 th chia ht cho 4.
4. Du hiu chia ht cho 5: cc s x c tn cng bng 0, 5 th chia ht cho 5.
5. Du hiu chia ht cho 6: cc ch s va c th chia ht cho 2 va c th chia ht cho 3
th chia ht cho 6.
6. Du hiu chia ht cho 7:
Quy tc th nht: Ly ch s u tin bn tri nhn vi 3 ri cng vi ch s th hai ri
tr cho bi ca 7; c bao nhiu nhn vi 3 cng vi ch s th 3 ri tr cho bi c 7;
c bao nhiu nhn vi 3 cng vi ch s th 4 ri tr cho bi ca 7; .... Nu kt qu
cui cng l mt s chia ht cho 7 th s cho chia ht cho 7.
V d: a) cho s 714
-c (7.3 + 1) - 3.7 = 1
-c (1.3 + 4) - 7 = 0
Vy s 714 chia ht cho 7.
Km tra thy: 714 = 7.102
b) cho s 24668
-c (2.3 + 4) - 7 = 3
-tip theo (3.3 + 6) - 2.7 = 1
-tip theo (1.3 + 6) - 7 = 2
-cui cng 2.3 + 8 = 14 chia ht cho 7
Vy s 24668 chia ht cho 7
Kim tra thy: 24668 = 7.3524
+ Trng hp s c hai ch s:
+ Trng hp s c ba ch s:
* n y, ta tnh c S3 = 13 [ bi ca 13].
Vy c th kt lun:
S N = 8736. . . . . 1091. chia ht cho 13.
Lu : Ch c mt trong trong nhng s sau y l chia ht cho 13. Cng vy, ch c
mt trong nhng s ny chia ht cho 7. V cng ch c mt trong nhng s ny chia ht
cho 11.
Bn hy th tm xem nhng s l s no?
N1 = 7942603594320271151120681.
N2 = 277900859916245742465597.
N3 = 41986360335384870752178.
N4 = 157226 157686018425.
13. Du hiu chia ht cho 14: x l s chia ht cho 14 khi v ch khi x chia ht cho 2 v x
chia ht cho 7.
14. Du hiu chia ht cho 15: x chia ht cho 15 khi v ch khi x chia ht cho 3 v x chia
ht cho 5.
15. Du hiu chia ht cho 16: x l s chia ht cho 16 khi v ch khi x chia ht cho 2 v x
chia ht cho 8.
16. Du hiu chia ht cho 17:
Ly cc s ng trc s hng n v tr i 5 ln s hng n v, nu hiu chia ht
cho 17 th n chia ht cho 17
VD: ly s 153 nha bn
15 - 3x5 = 0 chia ht cho 17 => 153 chia ht cho 17
17. Du hiu chia ht cho 18: x l s chia ht cho 18 khi v ch khi x chia ht cho 2 v x
chia ht cho 9.
18. Du hiu chia ht cho 19:
L THUYT
Mi s N u c th vit di dng N = 10x + y trong x l s chc khng phi l ch
s hng chc, m l tng s cc chc trn trong s N v y l ch s n v.
47045.9 [S n v l 9].
Suy ra 47045+18=47063
4706.3 [S n v l 3].
Suy ra 4706+6=4712
471.2 [S n v l 2].
Suy ra 471+4=475
47.5 [S n v l 5].
5.7 [S n v l 7].
Suy ra 47+10=57
Suy ra 5+14=19
Vi 19 chia ht cho 19 nn cc s 57, 475, 4712, 47063, 470459, 4704590, 47045881 cng
chia ht cho 19
19. Du hiu chia ht cho 20: x chia ht cho 20 khi v ch khi x chia ht cho 2 v x chia
ht cho 10.
20. Du hiu chia ht cho 21: x chia ht cho 21 khi v ch khi x chia ht cho 3 v x chia
ht cho 7.
21. Du hiu chia ht cho 29: ta ly s hng n v nhn 3 ri ly kt qu cng vi s to
bi cc s lin trc, nu tng chia ht cho 19 th n chia ht cho 19.
22. Du hiu chia ht cho 37: ta ly s hng n v nhn 11 ri ly kt qu tr vi s to
bi cc s lin trc, nu hiu chia ht cho 37 th n chia ht cho 37.