The stress hormone adrenaline stimulates b2-adrenoreceptors that are expressed throughout the body, including in germline cells

and zygotic embryos11. Activated b2adrenoreceptors promote Gs-protein-dependent activa- tion of protein kinase A (PKA), followed by the recruitment of b-arrestins, which desensitize G-protein signalling and function as signal transducers in their own right12. Here we elucidate a molecular mechanism by which b-adrenergic catecholamines, acting through both GsPKA and barrestin-mediated signalling pathways, trigger DNA damage and suppress p53 levels respectively, thus synergi- stically leading to the accumulation of DNA damage. Hormon stress adrenalin menstimulasi 2-adrenoreseptor yang diekspresikan seluruh tubuh, termasuk sel germinal dan embrio. Aktivasi 2-adrenoreseptor mencetuskan Gsprotein-dependent activation of protein kinase A (PKA), diikuti dengan penarikan arrestins, yang mendesensitisasi sinyal protein G dan berfungsi sebagai transduser sinyal. Jalur pengaktifan ini akan memicu kerusakan DNA dan menekan p53, yang bersinergis mengakumulasi kerusakan DNA.