Name ______________________ Date ______
Males- XY Females- XX
15.What is a karyotype used for?
To examine an individuals chromosomes?
16.What is the common name of Trisomy 21 and what is the cause?
The common name is Down Syndrome. The cause is fusion of a diploid gamete with a haploid gamete.
17.List and briefly describe the four types of gene mutations.
Deletion – piece of chromosome breaks of completely Duplication – fragment attaches to its homologous chromosomes Inversion – fragment reattaches on to the opposite sideTranslocation – fragment attaches to a non homologous chromosome
•
The Cell Cycle
18.What is the cell cycle?
A repeating sequence of cellular growth and division.
19.List the 5 stages of the cell cycle.
G
1
, S, G
2
, Mitosis, Cytokinesis
20.What stages make up interphase? What happens during each of these stages?
G
1
– growth, most of cell’s lifeS – DNA is copied. Chromosomes consist of two chromatids.G
2
– Prepares the nucleus to divide
21.What is mitosis?
The process during cell division in which the nucleus of a cell divides into two nuclei. In other wordsa process that makes an identical copy of a cell.
22.What is cytokinesis?
Process in which the cytoplasm divides.
23.What are the three checkpoints for division? Be able to identify them in order.
Cell growth checkpoint (G
1
) – if good moves on to S DNA synthesis checkpoint (G
2
) – if good moves on to mitosisMitosis checkpoint – if good moves to G
1
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Mitosis and Cytokinesis
24.What are spindles and what are they made of?
Structures made of centrioles and microtubule fibers that move chromosomes apart during mitosis.
25.What is the structure of a centriole?
A 9 triplet arrangement arranged in a circle.
26.Describe how the ‘reeling’ of spindle fibers occurs:
Spindle fibers are attached to the centromere. They shorten bit by bit, pulling chromatids towards the poles.
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