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MAGISTERUPPSATS I BIBLIOTEKS- OCH INFORMATIONSVETENSKAPVID INSTITUTIONEN BIBLIOTEKS- OCH INFORMATIONSVETENSKAP/BIBLIOTEKSHÖGSKOLAN2008:97ISSN 1654-0247
Upphovsrätten i det generella intellektets era
- en ideologikritisk analys av fyra svenska aktörerARWID LUNDRIKARD LARSSON
Creative Commons Erkännande-Dela Lika
 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/se/  
 
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Svensk titel: Upphovsrätten i det generella intellektets eraEngelsk titel: Copyright in the era of the general intellectFörfattare: Rikard Larsson, Arwid LundKollegium: Kollegium 1Färdigställt: 2008Handledare: Jan NolinAbstract:This text examines the ideological positions, as they appear in texts of central importance, of four Swedish protagonists – Antipiratbyrån, Konstnärliga och litterära yrkesutövaressamarbetsnämnd, Creative Commons i Sverige and Piratbyrån – in copyright issues. Thecritical analysis is focusing on three themes – economy, culture and civic rights andresponsibilities – and poses the questions of how the ideology of the protagonists relates to thechanging processes between culture and economy in the society of today, and which interestof classes, understood in Marxist terms, they favour.Before defining the theory and method of the inquiry the authors give their understanding of the changing processes between economy and culture. The current situation is understood inthe light of historical materialism and the authors assert that the society has entered the erathat Karl Marx gave the name of 
the general intellect 
. The annexation of the culture by thecapitalistic logic is nevertheless counterbalanced by a production of culture among peers ingifteconomies based on the human playdrive.Ideology is understood as the worldview of an individual or social group that relates to theinterests that their social life generates. The ideology has a manifest and a latent part and youcan discover these through textanalysis, reading between lines, and by examining the use of naturalisation and universalisation in the text.Finally, the ideologies of the protagonists are compared and put in relation to thecontemporary era of the general intellect and the protagonists ideological positions arecriticised by the authors.Nyckelord:ideologi, ideologikritik, upphovsrätt, intellektuell egendom, immaterialrätt, allmänningar,historiematerialism, generella intellektet
 
31. Inledning.............................................................................................................................................................5
 
1.1 Bakgrund.......................................................................................................................................................5
 
1.2 Frågeställningen............................................................................................................................................6
 
1.3 Urval av aktörer och texter............................................................................................................................7
 
2. Upphovsrätten – en bakgrund............................................................................................................................10
 
2.1. Historisk bakgrund.....................................................................................................................................10
 
2.2. Organisationer, avtal och lagar...................................................................................................................12
 
2.3. Ideella och ekonomiska rättigheter i relation till upphovsmän och upphovsrättsinnehavare.....................14
 
2.4. Verket och dess höjd..................................................................................................................................15
 
2.5. Upphovsrättens varaktighet........................................................................................................................16
 
2.6. Public domain och immateriella allmänningar...........................................................................................16
 
3. Teoretiska utgångspunkter och kontext.............................................................................................................23
 
3.1 Den historiematerialistiska teorin................................................................................................................23
 
3.1.1 Klassbegreppet.........................................................................................................................................24
 
3.1.1.1 Vår användning av klassbegreppet........................................................................................................25
 
3.1.2 Den vägledande principen om bas och överbyggnad...............................................................................26
 
3.1.3 Det generella intellektets era....................................................................................................................27
 
3.1.3.1 Det sociala arbetet byggt på lek.............................................................................................................30
 
3.1.4 Förutsättningar för klasskampen och förutsättningarna som klasskampen skapar...................................32
 
3.1.4.1 Kapitalägarnas klasskamp.....................................................................................................................33
 
3.1.4.2 De sociala arbetarnas klasskamp...........................................................................................................35
 
3.1.4.3 Gåva mot vara eller gåva och vara?.......................................................................................................36
 
4. Teori och metod................................................................................................................................................39
 
4.1. Två ideologibegrepp...................................................................................................................................39
 
4.2. Liedmans neutrala ideologibegrepp...........................................................................................................40
 
4.2.1. Manifest och latent ideologi....................................................................................................................41
 
4.3. Vår ideologikritiska metod – första fasen av undersökningen...................................................................42
 
4.4. Vår ideologikritiska metod – andra fasen av undersökningen....................................................................43
 
4.5 Definitioner av undersökningens teman......................................................................................................44
 
4.5.1. Ekonomi..................................................................................................................................................44
 
4.5.2. Kultur......................................................................................................................................................44
 
4.5.3. Medborgerliga rättigheter och skyldigheter............................................................................................45
 
5. Analys...............................................................................................................................................................46
 
5.1 Antipiratbyrån.............................................................................................................................................46
 
5.1.1Ekonomi....................................................................................................................................................46
 
Det privata ägandet........................................................................................................................................46
 
Upphovsrättsinnehavande företag.................................................................................................................49
 
5.1.2 Kultur.......................................................................................................................................................49
 
5.1.3 Medborgerliga rättigheter och skyldigheter.............................................................................................51
 
5.2 KLYS..........................................................................................................................................................52
 
5.2.1 Ekonomi...................................................................................................................................................53
 
Rättighetsinnehavarna...................................................................................................................................54
 
5.2.2 Kultur.......................................................................................................................................................57
 
Verk kontra information - kultursynen..........................................................................................................57
 
Ett rikt kulturliv?...........................................................................................................................................58
 
Namnangivelserätten.....................................................................................................................................59
 
5.2.3 Medborgerliga rättigheter och skyldigheter.............................................................................................60
 
Gränsen mot allmänningen - inskränkningarna.............................................................................................60
 
Reglering av allmänningen Internet..............................................................................................................63
 
5.3 Creative Commons Sverige.........................................................................................................................64
 
5.3.1 Ekonomi...................................................................................................................................................64
 
Kulturproduktionen.......................................................................................................................................64
 
Ägande..........................................................................................................................................................66
 
5.3.2 Kultur.......................................................................................................................................................68
 
Den gemensamma kulturen...........................................................................................................................68
 
Kulturproduktionens villkor och synen upphovsmannen.........................................................................69
 
5.3.3 Medborgerliga rättigheter och skyldigheter.............................................................................................70
 
Alternativ eller komplement?........................................................................................................................71
 
5.4. Piratbyrån...................................................................................................................................................72
 
5.4.1. Ekonomi..................................................................................................................................................72
 
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