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No. 19 -

D ecem ber 1979

T h e D u tc h T e le s c o p eo n L a S illa

J .L u b

T h e T e le s c o p e

O v e rth e y e a rsth e s ite inS o u thA fric a o n th eR e p u b lic O b \ue000

s e rv a to ry

A n n e x e

a tth e

H a rte b e e s p o o rtd a m ,w h e re

th e

te le s c o p ew a sfirs t e re c te d

i n

1958, had

c o n s id e r a b lyd e \ue000

te rio ra te d .T h is

w as

m a in lyc a u s e d

b yp o llu tio n

fro m

th e

n e a r b y b ig

c itie so fP re to ria a n d

J o h a n n e s b u rg .T h e d is \ue000 c u s s io nt olo o kfo ran e w s ite h a d b e e ng o in g o nfo rsom e tim e

L e id e na n d

it wasfin a llyc o n c lu d e d

th a tth e

b e s t

s o lu tio nw o u ldb et o s e e kfro m

E S O

a na rra n g e m e n t s u c h a sth a ta lr e a d ye x is tin gfo rth e D a n is h n a tio n a l te le s c o p e s . A n

im p o rta n tc o n s id e r a tio n

w a s h e reth e n e a re q u a lityo f

th e

la titu d e s

o f

H a rte b e e s p o o rt

(-2 5 "4 6 ')

v s .

L a

S illa (-2 9 "1 5 '). T h isw o u ldre q u ireth a t an e wp illa rw o u ld h a v et o b eo n lys lig h tlyin c lin e d .

E S O

a n d

th e

D u tc h

a s tro n o m ic a lc o m m u n ityw ill e a c h

h a v e

a c c e s s

t o

50 %

o fth e

a v a ila b le

tim e ,

e v e n ly

d is \ue000

trib u te do v e rth e y e a r . I t ish o p e dth a tth e p r e s e n c eo fth e

L ig h tc o lle c to r

w ill

ta k e

som e

p re s s u re

o ff

th e

h e a v ily

o v e rs u b s c rib e d

E S O

1 m

p h o to m e triete le s c o p e .

T h e

te le s c o p e

a n d

i t s

c o n tro l-a n d -d riv e

s y s te m

w e re b ui l tb y R a d e m a k e rs (R o tte rd a m )a n dth e L e id e nw o rk s h o p in

1 9 5 5 . It c a n

b ec o n s id e re d

as a

p ro to ty p e

o fth e

w e ll\ue000

know n

E S O

1 m

te le s c o p e .Som e

te c h n ic a l/o p tic a ld a ta

a rec o lle c te d

inth eta b le b e lo w .

W e lc o m e to

L aS illa !

A s

th e

la te s tnew com er in

th e

fa m ily

o fte le -

s c o p e sa tE S O , th eD u tc h9 0c m

" L ig h tc o lle c to r"

h a sn o w

b e e nin s ta lle d a n d , a s e x p e c te d ,i tp e r-

fo rm s

v e ry

w eil in

it s

n e w

e n v iro n m e n t.D r. J a n

L u bfro m

E S O /C h ileis in c h a r g eo fth isin s tru m e n t

a n dre p o rtsa b o u t itstra n s fe rfro m

th eA fric a n to

th e

S o u th

A m e r ic a n

c o n tin e n t.

H is

a rtic le

a ls o

c o n ta in sim p o rta n tin fo rm a tio nfo ra llp ro s p e c tiv e

u s e rs .

T h e90 cm

p h o to m e triete le s c o p eo fth e

L e id e nS o u th e rn

S ta tio n ,

b e tte r

know n

a s

th e

L ig h tc o lle c to r ,

w as

tra n s \ue000

fe rre d

fro m

S o u th

A fric at o

C h iled u rin gth efa llo f 1 9 7 8 .

W hen, on

Decem ber 1978,th e

a g re e m e n tb e tw e e n

E S O

a n dth eS tic h tin g

L e id sS te rre w a c h t F o n d s ,ow nero f th e

L ig h tc o lle c to r ,w a ss ig n e d in L e id e n , t h ete le s c o p e h a d a l\ue000

re a d y a r r iv e d o n L a S illa . T h e s a m e te a m

r e s p o n s ib lefo ri t s d is m a n tlin g inS e p te m b e r 1 9 7 8 , v iz M e s s r s .A . d eJ o n g a n d G .v .d . N a g e lo fth eL e id e nw o rk s h o p a n d

D .F . S t e v e n s o n , e le c tr o n ic ia na n dm anagero f th e L e id e nS o u th e rnS ta tio n , a ls oto o k c a reo f th ere c o n s tru c tio no fth ete le s c o p e a n d its p e r ip h e r a ls . T h e yc o u lds ta rtw o rkb ym id -J a n u a ry 1 9 7 9 in th eo ld1 m

dom e( a ls oknow na sth eC h ilim a pdom e) a n d th ep r o je c tw a ss u b s ta n tia llyfin is h e dd u rin g th efirs t d a y s o fM a rc h .S im u lta n e o u s ly

E S O

h a d

a n

e x te n s io n

t o

th e

dom e

c o n s tru c te d

i n

o rd e r

t o

p r o v id e

som e

o ffic e

a n d

s to ra g e

s p a c e .A fte rth e

fin a la s tro n o m ic a l te s ts

o fte le \ue000 s c o p ea n de q u ip m e n tb y D r. J .W . P e l ( R o d e n ) a n dth ea u \ue000 th o r, re g u la ro b s e rv a tio n s

c o u ld

b e

s ta rte d

a g a i n

b y th e

e n d

o f

M a rc h

a fte r

a n

in te rru p tio n

o f

le s s

th a n

s e v e n m o n th s !U n fo rtu n a te lyth isw a sju s t a t th e e n do fth eg o o d p e r io d . F ig ur e 1show s th ete le s c o p e(i n s u n lig h t) in its p r e \ue000 s e n t s ta te .

L ig h tc o lle c to rT e c h n ic a l D a ta

C a s s e g r a info rk

m o u n tin g

D a ll- K ir k h a m

o p tic s

P rim a ry d ia m e te r:

S e c o n d a ry d ia m e te r:

O v e ra ll fo c a l ra tio :

U s a b le ( u n c o r r e c te d ) fje ld :

S e ttin g s p e e d :

P o in tin g

a c c u ra c y :

C le a r a n c e in

fo rk :

M a x im u m

w e ig h t o fin s tru m e n ts

9 0 .8c m

2 4 .9 c m

F /1 3 .8

5 '

1 0 0 \u00b7/m in

2 a '

8 3c m

1 0 0k g

F ig . 1 :T h e

L ig h tc o lle c to r .

A n

im p o rta n td e s ig n

c o n s id e r a tio n

has beent op r o v id e a fa s t,a c c u ra te lyp o in tin ga n de ffic ie n tte le s c o p e . T h e s e e x \ue000 p e c ta tio n si th a sa m p lyfu lfille dd u rin gm o reth a n 2 0 y e a rs

o fs e r v ic e inS o u th A fr ic a .T h ete le s c o p ec o n tro l isp a rtic u \ue000

la r lyc o n v e n ie n t inth a tc o o rd in a te s c a n b e p r e s e t o n a s e t

o fd ia lsw h ileam e a s u re m e n t isg o in g

on. W hen

i tisfin \ue000

is h e d ,th ete le s c o p e w illm ovea u to m a tic a llyt o th en e w p o \ue000 s itio n .T h em e c h a n ic a lfu n c tio n in ghas beenra th e rs m o o th u pt o

n o w

o n

L a S illa .

T h e W a lr a v e n

P h o to m e te r

S in c e1958th eL ig h tc o l/e c to r has beenm a in ly usedw ithi t s

s ta n d a rd

in s tru m e n t:th efiv e -c h a n n e ls im u lta n e o u sW a l\ue000 ra v e np h o to m e te r.A s c a n b e s e e n infig ur e 2th isp h o to m e \ue000 te rlo o k sa sif itw e reb u ilta ro u n dth e te le s c o p e . T h ep rin \ue000 c ip le so fth iss p e c tro p h o to m e te rhave beenfirs td e s c r ib e d b y th e W a lr a v e n s (W a lra v e n , T h . a n d W a lra v e n , J .H ., 1 9 6 0 ,

B u l/. A s tr o n . In s t.o f th e N e th e r la n d s ,1 5 ,6 7 ).T h ed a ta -a c \ue000

q u is itio n

s y s te m

is s till la r g e lyth e

sam e asd e s c r ib e d

b y

R ijf,T in b e rg e n

a n d

W a lr a v e n , 1 9 6 9 ,B u l/. A s tr o n . In s t.o f

th eN e th e rla n d s ,2 0 ,2 7 9 ,w ithth ep r o v is io nth a ts in c e1 9 7 5

th e d a ta a ren olo n g e rre c o rd e do np a p e rta p eb u t o ntw o c a s s e tte -u n its . W e a ls o re fe rt oth e irp a p e rfo r furth e rte c h \ue000 n ic a l d e ta ils ,w h ic h

w o u ld

le a d u sm uchto o fa r h e re , a n d

u rg ep ro s p e c tiv eu s e rst o

c a r e fu lly

re a d

th e irw o rk .

W en o w

b rie flyd e s c rib eth ew o rk in go fth ep h o to m e te r (s e efig u re 2fo rth e g e n e ra l la y o u t).T h elig h tfirs t p a s s e s a tu r n a b le

p r is m

w h ic h

d e fle c ts

i t

e ith e r

to w a rd s

th e

e y e p ie c eo rto w a rd sth ep h o to m e te r. In th ela tte r c a s e ,th e

lig h tp a s s e s

th ro u g h

th e

b e a m s p litte rw h ic h

m akes

tw o

c o m p le m e n ta rybeam so flig h ta n dd a rk bands. O ne beam

th e n

p a s s e s

th ro u g h

tw o

q u a rtz

p r is m s ,

d is p e r s in g

th e

lig h ta n d

d e fle c tin g

i tu p w a rd sa lo n g

th e

te le s c o p e

tu b e

a n dis th e n

im a g e d b y th ec o n d e n s o r. T h er e s u ltin g s p e c \ue000

tru m

isc u t a tth ed a rkb a n d s b yl i t t l ep ris m st o

g iv efo u r

p h o to m e tric

b a n d s :

V ,

S ,

U ,

W ,

a n d

th e n

re a c h e s

fo u r

p h o to m u ltip lie r s ,tw o

o n

e a c h

s id e

o fth e

s p e c tro g ra p h , m o u n te dind ry -ic e -c o o le d d e w a r s .Inth is w a y s e e in g v a r i\ue000 a tio n sd on o th a v e a n y in flu e n c eu p o n th e fo rm

o fth e p a s s \ue000

b a n d s . M o re o v e r, th e

lig h te ffic ie n c y

is v e r y

h ig h

d u et o

th eu s eo fq u a rtz e le m e n ts ( e s p e c ia llyim p o rta n t in th eu l\ue000

tra v io le t). T h es e c o n d b e a m

isd e fle c te dd o w n w a rd sin to a th irdd e w a r . U s in g a g la s sfilte r th ep h o to m e tricL -b a n d is s e le c te d .

D u rin gth etra n s p o rto fth ete le s c o p efro m

S o u thA fric a to C h ile , th ep h o to m e te r w a sflo w nb a c kt o H o lla n d , w h e r e D r. J .W . P e l a n d th e

R oden

w o rk s h o pc a rrie d

o u talo n g \ue000

n e e d e d

r e v is io n .T h e

lo w e rp a rto fth e

p h o to m e te rw as

m adee a s ily

re m o v a b le , w h e re a sth e

p a rta lo n g

th ete le \ue000 s c o p etu b ew a sre s tru c tu re ds oth a ti t w ill r e m a info re v e r a tta c h e dt oth ete le s c o p e a n d n e e d sn o re a lig n m e n t.Inth is wayi tw ill be easyt oa c c o m m o d a teo th e rin s tru m e n ts at th eC a s s e g r a in fo c u s . D r. P e l a ls o r e c a lc u la te d th eo p tic a l lig h t-p a th

inth ein s tru m e n t a n dth is p r o v e d

h ig h lyu s e fu l

w henth ew h o lep h o to m e te rw a s r e a lig n e d o n

L aS illa u s \ue000

in g

a la s e r. M e a s u re m e n ts a n d

c a lc u la tio n sshow ed

p e r\ue000

fe c ta g re e m e n t.

F ig .2 :T h eW a lra v e n p h o to m e te r. O n e s e e s th eL -fo rmo f th e p h o to m e te r. T h edew arc o n ta in in gth eL -p h o to c e lls tic k so u tb e lo wa n d th e

o n ec o n ta in in gth eB -W -p h o to c e llsp ro tru d e s fo r w a r d . T h e e y e p ie c e isd ir e c tlyb e lo w th e te le s c o p e a x is . F u r th e r v is ib le a red e c lin a tio n

m o to ra n dw o rm .

T h e

d a taa c q u is itio n

is b a s e d

u p o n

aO e -m o d eo p e ra \ue000 tio n . T o e a c hp h o to m u ltip lie rth e reb e lo n g s o n ein te g ra to r w h ic h

in c o rp o ra te s

a s e to f th re e

a u to -ra n g in g

c o n d e n \ue000

s o rs . W h e n

a m e a s u r e m e n t is fin is h e d

th e s e

fiv e

in te g ra \ue000

to rsa re re a do u ts e q u e n tia lly b y ad ig ita l v o ltm e te r. E a c h m e a s u re m e n tn o r m a llyc o n s is tso ftw o s u c hin te g ra tio n s ; in b e t w e e n a n da fte rw a rd sth ein te g ra to rs a r es h o rte d a u \ue000 to m a tic a lly .T h is c a u s e s a d e la yo f a tm ost 4 s e c o n d s , s o th a tth isisa k in do fm in im u m

u s e fu lin te g ra tio n tim e . F o r

v e ry

b rig h ts ta rs a

m e c h a n ic a lo p tic a la tte n u a to r-a

ro \ue000

ta tin g

d ru m

w ith

s lo ts -c a n

b e

in tro d u c e d

in to

th e

lig h t

b e a m

g iv in gro u g h ly3

a tte n u a tio n .Inth is w a y ad y n a m ic

ra n g eo f 2m

t o1 5

is a s s u re d .T h e s y s te m

is c a p a b leo f a n o v e r a lla c c u ra c yo f1% 0.R e d u c tio no f th em e a s u re m e n ts is a tp re s e n to n ly

p o s s ib le

i n

L e id e n ;

fa c ilitie s

h a v e

b e e n

m a d e a v a ila b le to E S O o b s e r v e r s(c o n ta c tO r.J .T in b e rg e n ,

S te rre w a c h t, L e id e n ).

T e le s c o p e P e rfo rm a n c eo n

L a

S illa

W ith

n e w

a n d

m o re

s e n s itiv e

p h o to m u ltip lie r s

(H a m a m a ts u

R 928

S -2 0

s id e w in d o w ,r e p la c in g

th e

2 0 (!)\ue000

y e a r-o ld

s e to f IP 2 1 ), fr e s h ly

a lu m in iz e d

m irro rs

a n d

th .e

b e tte rtra n s p a re n c yo n

L a S illa , a s u b s ta n tia l g a in in s e n \ue000

s itiv ity , e s p e c ia lly in

th e

u ltra -v io le t,w as

p re d ic te d .T h is a g re e dw ith th ea u th o r's e x te n s iv e te s ts in A p ril. A ll th e s e im p r o v e m e n ts h a v e s lig h tly c h a n g e d th ep h o to m e tricp a s s -

b a n d s

a s

p u b lis h e d

b y

L u b

a n d

P el(A s tro n . A s tro p h y s .,

5 4 ,1 3 7 ,1 9 7 7 ),th en e w v a lu e s a res u m m a r iz e db e lo w in ta \ue000

b le1 .These data wered e te rm in e d .intw o ways:firs tfro m

th eknow n

p ro p e rtie so fth eb e a m s p litte r (P e l a n d

L u b , in

p re p a ra tio n )a n d , s e c o n d , b ys c a n n in gth ro u g h th e s p e c \ue000

tru m

w ith

n a rro w

s iit .

F ro m

s ta rs

o f

know n

a b s o l u te e n e rg yd is tr ib u tio na n d a ra n g eo f s p e c tra l ty p e so n e c a n th e n

d e te rm in e

th e

z e ro p o in ts

o ftr a n s m is s io n

fro m

th e

s p e c tra l fe a tu re s v is ib le .A g re e m e n t e x is tst ow ith in afe w A n g s tro m sb e tw e e nb o th m e th o d s . A s a nillu s tr a tio no f th e h ig htra n s p a re n c yo n

L a S illa Im e n tio nth a t w e s till m e a \ue000

s u req u itesom eflu xa t3 1 0 0A .

R e la tiv e

transm ission

(6 6 0 0 )

4 7 8 3

(4 1 9 0 )

3 8 9 4

3 3 9 8

' /2

5 7 8 3

4 4 9 4

3 9 5 2

3 7 3 5

3 3 1 3

5 4 1 3

4 2 6 2

3 8 4 5

3 6 1 4

3 2 3 2

' /2

5 0 7 8

4 0 6 2

3 7 3 8

3 5 0 4

3 1 5 7

4 7 8 3

3 8 9 4

3 6 1 6

3 3 9 8

3 0 7 3

!-e ft

5 4 2 2

4 2 7 0

3 8 4 5

3 6 1 7

3 2 3 4

B a n d -w id th

7 0 5

4 3 2

2 1 4

2 3 1

1 5 6

T a b le1 :T h ep re s e n tW a lra v e n p a s s -b a n d sa s d e te rm in e db yL u b

a n dP e l (L a S illa , M a r c h1 9 7 9 ).A ll w a v e le n g th s a r e in A n g s tr o m s .

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