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No. 24 -
J u n e1 9 8 1
T h e In a u g u r a tio n o f th e
E S O
H e a d q u a r te r s B u ild in g
a t G a r e h in g
T h e E u ro p e a n S o u th e rn O b s e rv a to ry w a s lo rm a lly fo u n d e d
o n
5
O c to b e r
1 9 6 2
w hen
th e
C o n v e n tio n
w as
s ig n e d
b y
B e lg iu m ,
F ra n c e ,
G e rm a n y ,
th e
N e th e rla n d s
a n d
S w e d e n ,
s o o n tob efo llo w e d
b yD e n m a rk . F o r m a n y y e a rs , E S O

w as lo c a te d p a rtlyinG e n e v a a n d p a rtly inH a m b u r g . T h is s p lit o f th e o r g a n iz a tio n m a d e th e m a n a g e m e n t d iffic u lt. A b o u t fiv e y e a r s a g o , th e G e rm a n g o v e rn m e n t o ffe re dtoc o n s tr u c t a b u ild in g fo r E S O

o n
th e c a m p u s o f th e
M a x - P la n c k S o c ie tya t G a rc h in g
n e a r
M u n ic h .
T h e
a d m in is tr a tio n
im m e d ia te ly
m oved
fro m
H a m b u rg
in to
p r o v is io n a l o ffic e s
a tG a r c h in g
a n d

a b o u t s ix m o n th s a g o , a fte r c o m p le tio n0 1th e n e w b u ild in g , th e E u r o p e a n c e n tre o f E S O

fo u n d its fin a l h o m e .
T h e g r e a t v a r ie ty o f fa c ilitie s w h ic h h a d tob ein c o rp o ra te d
in to
th is
o n e
b u ild in g
c o n fro n te d
th e
a rc h ite c ts ,
H e rm a n n
(C o n tin u e do n p a g e 2 )
D r.F .J .S ir a u s s g iv in g h is a d d r e s s d u r in g Ih e in a u g u r a tio n c e re m o n y .
T h eF i rs t S te p s o f th e
E u ro p e a n O rg a n iz a tio n
C h a rle s F e h re n b a c h
P ro f.
C h a rle s
F e h re n b a c h ,
M e m b e ro f th e
F re n c h
A cadem y
o fS c ie n c e s
a n d
O ir e c to ro f th e
H a u te -

P ro v e n c e O b s e rv a to ry , h a s b e e n in v o lv e d s in c eth e b e g in n in g w ith th e g e n e s iso f E S o .H e h a s b e e n k in d e n o u g h

to
w rite
a
s h o rt
h is to ry
o f
th e s e
e a rly
d e v e lo p m e n ts w h ic h a re p r o b a b ly u n k n o w ntoa ll th e
y o u n g
E u ro p e a n
a s tro n o m e rs
n o w
u s in g
th e
E S O
fa c ilitie s a n dtom a n yo f th e le s s y o u n g o n e s .
A tth e tim e w h e n Ita ly a n d S w itz e r la n d a re g o in g to jo in th e
E S O
a s tro n o m ic a l c o m m u n ity ,
itis
in te re s tin g
to
re la te
th e
h is to r y o f th e b e g in n in g s o f o u r o r g a n iz a tio n .
It w ill
b e
m a in ly
a n e c d o ta l
fo r
th e
e x a c t
h is to ry
is
w e il
re c o u n te d
in
th e
E S O
b u lle tin s
a n d
in
a n
a rtic le
b yJ .O o rt
p u b lis h e dinth e IC S U
jo u r n a l (v o l.3 ,p p .3 0 -3 5 ).

I w a s h a p p ytob e a p a r ty to a ll th e fir s t m e e tin g s , e x c e p t fo r o n e o r tw o p r e lim in a r y o n e s ,a sa d e p u tytoA . D a n jo n w h o I la te r

r e p la c e d
in
th e
C o u n c il.
I
w as
c h a ir m a n
o f
th e
In s tru m e n ta tio n C o m m itte e fo r m o re th a n te n y e a rs .S oIa m
w e il a c q u a in te d w ith th e s e b e g in n in g s .

T h e id e a o f b u ild in g a E u r o p e a n o b s e r v a to r yinth e s o u th e rn h e m is p h e re w a s p ro p o s e d b yJ .O o rt a n dW . B a a d e a s e a rlya s 1 9 5 3 a n d th e y w e r e a b leto c o n v in c eP . B o u r g e o is ,A . D a n jo n ,

O .Heckm ann and
B .L in d b la d to s h a r e th is id e a .
T h e firs t in fo rm a l m e e tin g s w e re a ls o a tte n d e db yA .B la a u w
a n d , fo r a
w h ile ,
b yth e

A s t r o n o m e r R o y a l, S irH . S p e n c e r Jones, andb yS .H .B a n n ie r, D ir e c to r o f th e D u tc h S c ie n tific R e s e a rc h

O r g a n iz a tio n
a n d
h is
S w e d is h
c o lle a g u e ,
D r.G .W .F u n k e .
(C o n tin u e do n p a g e4 )
T h e In a u g u ra tio n o f th e E S O
H e a d q u a r te r s B u ild in ga t G a r e h in g
(C o n tin u e d tro m
p a g e
1 )
F e h lin g
a n d
D a n ie l G o g e l fro m
B e r lin , w ith
a c o m p le x ity o f
p ro b le m s . T h e m o s t im p o rta n t e le m e n ts w e re :
\u2022
W o rk -ro o m s fo r a b o u t 4 0 s c ie n tis ts
\u2022
V a rio u s d a ta p r o c e s s in g in s ta lla tio n s
\u2022
A lib ra ry
\u2022
P h o to g ra p h ic la b o ra to rie s
\u2022
L a b o ra to rie s
fo r
th e
d e v e lo p m e n t
o f
te le s c o p e s
a n d
in s tru m e n ts
\u2022
O ffic e s fo r th e a d m in is tr a tio n s e c tio n
Itw a s o f c o u rs e th o u g h t d e s ira b le th a ta ll a re a s s h o u ld h a v e
th e ir
in d iv id u a l
id e n tity ,
w h e re
s p e c ia lis ts
c o u ld
w o rk
u n d is tu rb e d .O nth e o th e r h a n d , h o w e v e r, c lo s e c o lla b o r a tio n
b e tw e e n th e v a r io u s d is c ip lin e s w a s c o n s id e r e d fu n d a m e n ta l.

T h e a r c h ite c ts b r ie f w a s to b u ild a s c ie n tific c e n tre , th e ir a im w a s to m a k eit" h a b ita b le " . T h e yh a dto c o n te n d w ith th e fla t e x p a n s e

o f
fie ld s
a ro u n d
G a r c h in g ,
th e
in c o m p r e h e n s ib le
a rb itra rin e s s o f th e
"nuclear-egg" neighbourhood, and
th e ir
ow n
c re a tio n
-
th e
M a x - P la n c k
In s titu te
fo r A s tr o p h y s ic s \ue000
w h ic h
w as
a lre a d y
u n d e r
w ay
w hen
th e y
r e c e iv e d
th e
c o m m is s io n fo r th e E S O b u ild in g . T o d a y th is b u ild in g , o f a v e r y
u n u s u a l
a p p e a ra n c e ,
re fle c ts
th e
a rc h ite c ts '
c o n v ic tio n ,
n a m e ly th a t o f c a rry in g
th ro u g h th e c o n c e p t fro m
th e in te r io r
r a th e r th a n c lin g in g to th e
im a g e o f a h o u s e .
T h e
d e s ig n
is
e x tre m e ly
s u c c e s s fu l.
A
s h o rt
p e rio d
o f
fa m ilia r iz a tio n

w a s n e e d e d d u r in gw h ic h e v e r y b o d y lo s t th e ir w a y d u r in g a fe w h o u rs o r a fe w d a y sinw h a t,a t fir s t s ig h t, lo o k s lik e a la b y r in th o f th e k in d u s e d to te s t th e in te llig e n c e o f ra ts . B u t h u m a n b e in g s a re o n a v e r a g e c le v e r e r th a n ra ts a n dth e p ro b le m

is
q u ic k ly
s o lv e d ;
a fte r
a
w h ile
it
a p p e a rs
th a t
e v e ry b o d y
fo u n d
th e
b u ild in g
to
b e
v e ry
c o n v e n ie n t a n d
a
p le a s a n t p la c e to w o r kin .
O n
T u e s d a y ,
5
M ay
1 9 8 1 ,
th e
in a u g u r a tio n
o f
th e
n e w

h e a d q u a rte rs to o k p la c einth e p r e s e n c e o fth e P re s id e n t o f th e F e d e ra l R e p u b lic o f G e rm a n y , K a rl C a rs te n s . T h e c e re m o n y w as

a tte n d e d
b y
m o re
th a n
2 0 0
in v ite d

g u e s ts , d ip lo m a tic re p re s e n ta tiv e s , a d m in is tra to rs a n d s c ie n tis ts o f th e E S O a n d o th e r

c o u n trie s ,
in c lu d in g
Ita ly
a n d
S w itz e r la n d
w h ic h
a re
e x p e c te d to jo in
th eo r g a n iz a tio n w ith in a fe w
m o n th s .
In
h is
w e lc o m in g
a d d re s s ,
th e
D ire c to r-G e n e ra l,
P ro f.
L .
W o ltje r, s tre s s e d
th a t o n e
o fth e
m a in
a im s
o fE S O

w asto p ro m o te c o o p e ra tio nin a s tro n o m ic a l re s e a rc h .H e e x p re s s e d th e fe e lin g th a t, a lth o u g h im p o r ta n t r e s u lts h a v e b e e n a c h ie v e d inth is re s p e c t, m o rec a n

b ed o n e .
P ro f.
R .
L \u00fc s t,
P r e s id e n t o f th e
M a x -P la n c k -G e s e lls c h a ft,
e x p o s e d
h is
s a tis fa c tio n
in
s e e in g
E S O
lo c a te d
in
th e
im m e d ia te n e ig h b o u r h o o d o fth e th re e M a x - P la n c k In s titu te sa t
G a r c h in g ,
th e
In s titu te
fo r
A s tro p h y s ic s ,
th e
In s titu te
fo r
T h en e w E S O h e a d q u a r te r s b u ild in ga t G a re h in g . N o te th a t th is p ie tu r e w a s n o t ta k e n o n th e d a yo f th e in a u g u r a tio n , b u t e a r lie r in th e w in te r.
2
T h e P r e s id e n lo f Ih e F e d e r a l R e p u b lico f G e rm a n y ,K . C a r s le n s ,i s g r e e le d o n h is a r r iv a la llh e E S O b u ild in gb y P ro fs .L . W o llje r,R . L \u00fc s la n d J .-F .
D e n is s e .

E x tra te rre s tria l P h y s ic s a n d th e In s titu te fo r P la s m a p h y s ic s ,a ll o f w h ic h a re d e v o te da t le a s t p a rtlyto A s tro p h y s ic s .H e th o u g h t th a t th is p r o x im ity w o u ld

b e b e n e fic ia ltoa ll o f th e m .
E .S ta h l, P a r lia m e n ta r y S e c r e ta r y o f S ta te w ith th e F e d e ra l
M in is te r
fo r
R e s e a rc h
a n d
T e c h n o lo g y ,
e x p re s s e d
h is
s a tis fa c tio n
w ith
th is
e x a m p le
o f
a
s u c c e s s fu l
E u ro p e a n
c o o p e ra tio n
a n d
h is
h op e
th a t a ls o
A u s tria
w o u ld
jo in
th e
o r g a n iz a tio n .

D r.F .J .S tra u s s , P rim e M in is te r o f th e F re e S ta te o f B a v a ria , v o ic e d h is c o n te n tm e n ttos e e s u c h a re s e a rc h c e n trea s E S O n e a r M u n ic h , w h ic h h a s a lw a y s b e e n a c u ltu r a l c e n tre .H es a id th a t,in

h is o p in io n , th e e c o n o m ic a l s u r v iv a l o f th e E u r o p e a n c o u n trie s w h ic h a re la c k in g ra w m a te ria ls a n d e n e rg y s o u rc e s h a stob eb a s e do n c re a tiv ity a n do n

in te lle c tu a l e ffo rt.
P ro f. J .-F . D e n is s e , P r e s id e n t o f th e
E S O

C o u n c il, b r ie fly re la te d th e h is to r y o f E S O , a n d s a id th a t th is v e n tu r eisnow a s u c c e s s a n d th a t th isisd u e fo r a la rg e p a rtto th e e x c e lle n t a n d e n e rg e tic

m a n a g e m e n t o f th e
p re s e n t D ire c to r-G e n e ra l.H e
a d d e d
th a t th is
s u c c e s s
w o u ld
b e
m o re
c o m p le te
ifG re a t
B rita in
w a s jo in in g
E S O , b u t th is
p o s s ib ility
in
h is o p in io n
is
u n fo r tu n a te ly s m a ll.
A lte r th e
o p e n in g
c e re m o n y , a
lu n c h
w as
o ffe re d
b y
th e
P r e s id e n t o f th e F e d e r a l R e p u b lic o f G e r m a n y , d u r in g w h ic hh e
d e liv e r e da n a d d r e s s ;h e w e lc o m e d E S O , its c o lla b o r a to r sa n d
th e ir fa m ilie sto G e r m a n y , th e h o s t c o u n tr y .H e w a s th a n k e d b y
P ro f. D e n is s e .
Inth e e v e n in g , a re c e p tio n w a s o ffe re d b y th e B a v a ria n S ta te
G o v e rn m e n ttop a r tic ip a n ts a n d th e ir s p o u s e s .
T h e
a lte rn o o n
a n d
th e
fo llo w in g
d a y
w e re
d e v o te d
to
a
s y m p o s iu m
o nth e " E v o lu tio n o f th e U n iv e r s e " . T h e s ix ta lk s
a re lis te d b e lo w :
\u2022
"S p a c e
S c ie n c e s
a n d
G e o s c ie n c e s :
E v o lu tio n
o f
Tw o
In te ra c tiv e
F ie ld s
o f
K n o w le d g e "
b y
P ro f.
H .
C u rie n ,
P re s id e n t o f th e F re n c h C e n tre N a tio n a l d 'E tu d e s S p a tia le s .
\u2022
"T h e
E v o lu tio n
o f th e
S o la r S y s t e m " b y P ro f.H . A lfv e n ,
N o b e l P r iz ein
P h y s ic s (1 9 7 0 ).
\u2022
"T h eE a r ly E v o lu tio n o f L ifeo n

E a r t h " b y P ro f.M . E ig e n , N o b e l P r iz einC h e m is try (1 9 6 7 ), D ire c to r o f th e M a x -P la n c k In s titu te fo r B io p h y s ic a l C h e m is tr yinG \u00f6 ttin g e n .

\u2022
" P a rtic le
P h y s ic s
in
th e
E a rly
U n iv e r s e "
b y
P ro f.
L .v a n
H o v e , fo rm e r R e s e a rc h
D ire c to r-G e n e ra la tC E R N .
\u2022
" T h e E v o lu tio n o f L a rg e -S c a le S tru c tu re sinth e U n iv e r s e "
b y
P ro f.
J .
H .
O o rt,
fo rm e r
D ire c to r
o f
th e
L e id e n
O b s e rv a to ry .
\u2022
" E v o lu tio n a ry
A s p e c ts
o f
th e
C o s m ic
B la c k
B o d y
R a d ia tio n " b yD r.D .W .S c ia m a , F e llo w o fA ll S o u ls C o lle g e
inO x fo rd .
3
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