messenger-no54

M ESSENG ER

No. 54 -

D ecem ber1 9 8 8

E S O 'S E A R L Y H IS T O R Y ,1 9 5 3 -1 9 7 5

I.S T R IV IN G T O W A R D S T H E C O N V E N T IO N

A D R IA A N B L A A U W *, K a p te y n L a b o ra to ry , G ro n in g e n

L 'a s tr o n o m ie e s t b ie n I'e c a le d e la p a tie n c e .

F ro m

a le tte r b yA . D a n jo n toJ .H . O o rt,2 1

S e p te m b e r 1 9 6 2 .

A H is to ric a l S ta te m e n t

O n

J a n u a ry

2 6 ,

1 9 5 4

tw e lv e

le a d in g

a s tra n o m e rs

fra m

s ix

E u ro p e a n

c o u n \ue000

trie s

is s u e d th e h is to ric a l s ta te m e n t w e

re p ro d u c e

h e re

[1 ].

It c a rrie s

th e

s ig \ue000 n a tu re s o f O tto H e c k m a n n a n d A lb re c h t U n s \u00f6 ld o f th e G e rm a n F e d e ra l R e p u b lic , P a u l

B o u rg e o is

fra m

B e lg iu m ,

A n d re

C o u d e r a n d A n d re D a n jo n fra m

F ra n c e ,

R o d e r ic k

R edm an

fra m

G re a t

B rita in ,

J a n

O o rt,

P ie te r O o s te rh o ff a n d

P ie te r

v a n

R h ijn

fro m

th e

N e th e rla n d s ,

a n d

B e rtil

L in d b la d ,

K n u t

L u n d m a rk

a n d

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S w e d e n .

T h e

s ta te m e n t

(d ra fte d

b y

D a n jo n ,

O o s te rh o ff a n d

R e d m a n ) e x p re s s e s th e

w is h

th a t th e

s c ie n tific o r g a n iz a tio n s

in

th e

re s p e c tiv e

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c o u n trie s

re c o m \ue000

m endt oth e a u th o ritie s c o n c e rn e d , th e

e s ta b lis h m e n to fa jo in t o b s e rv a to ry

in

S o u th A fric a , e q u ip p e d w ith a te le s c o p e

o f

3

m e tre s

a p e rtu re

a n d

a

S c h m id t

te le s c o p e o f 1 .2 m e tre s a p e rtu re .Inth e

p a ra g ra p h s

p r e c e d in g

th is

e x p re s s e d

w is h ,

th e y

p re s e n t

th e

c o n s id e r a tio n s

th a t

le d

th e m

t o

th is

s ta te m e n t.

T h e ir

w is h

w o u ld

u ltim a te ly

le a d

to the

C on-

.T h e a u lh o r w a s S e c re ta ry

0 1

lh eE S O

C o m m itle e

(w h ic h

p re c e d e d

th e

C o u n c il) Ir o m

M ay

1 9 5 9

to

F e b ru a ry

1 9 6 3 ,

S c ie n tific

D ire c to r

0 1

E S O

(p a rt

tim e ) d u r in g th e y e a rs 1 9 6 8 a n d 1 9 6 9 , a n d D ir e c to r

G e n e ra llro m

J a n u a ry 1 9 7 0

1 0J a n u a ry 1 9 7 5 .H e

w asa C o u n c il m e m b e r fo r lh e N e th e r la n d s d u r in g

th e y e a rs 1 9 7 9 th ro u g h 1 9 8 2 .

v e n tio n b e tw e e n fiv e o f th e s e s ix c o u n \ue000

tries -

G re a t B rita in w e n t its o w n w a y \ue000 s ig n e d o n 5 O c to b e r 1 9 6 2 . B y th a t tim e a lm o s t te n

y e a rs

h a d

p a s s e d

s in c e th e

n o tio n

o fa jo in t E u ra p e a n

o b s e rv a to ry

h a d

b e e n

e x p re s s e d

fo r th e

fir s t tim e .

A n o th e r y e a r a n d

th re e

m o n th s

w o u ld

h a v e to e la p s e u n til th e im p a tie n t h a n d s

o f th e a s tra n o m e rs w o u ld

b e fre et ola y

th e fir s t s o lid

fo u n d a tio n s

fo r th e

e re c \ue000

tio n

o f

th e

o b s e rv a to ry .

T h e

d a te

is

J a n u a ry

1 7 , 1 9 6 4 w h e n , w ith

th e

com \ue000 p le tio n o fa s e rie so f p a rla m e n ta ry ra tifi\ue000 c a tio n s , n o t o n ly th e m o ra l, b u t a ls o th e fin a n c ia l c o m m itm e n tso fth e re s p e c tiv e g o v e rn m e n ts h a d b e e n e n s u re d .

In

th is

s e r ie s

o f a r tic le s

I s h a ll

firs t

d e s c r ib e

th e

d e v e lo p m e n ts

o f th e

firs t

d e c a d e , th a tisth e p e rio d p re c e d in g th e s ig n in g o f th e C o n v e n tio n a n d th e R a tifi\ue000 c a tio n s , a n d , h o p e fu lly , n e x t tr yt oc o v e r som eo fth e la te r d e v e lo p m e n ts u n til th e year 1975 when I passedo nth e G e n e ra l D ire c to ra te

o f th e

o r g a n iz a tio n

t o

m y

s u c c e s s o r L o d e w ijk W o ltje r.

T h e

e a r lie s t d e c a d e

w as

o n e

of ups

and dow ns -

m any downs! -

ina s tru g \ue000

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w h ic h

m ay

s e e m

s u r p r is in g

t o

th e

p re s e n t y o u n g

g e n e ra tio n

o f a s tra n o m \ue000

e rs ,

a n d

c a n

b e

fu lly

u n d e rs to o d

o n ly when seen against the background of a dam aged

E u ra p e ,

a

d e c a d e

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O nJ a n u a ry26, 1954 a s tro n o m e rs fro m

s ix E u ro p e a n c o u n trie s g a th e re din th e s ta te ly S e n a te R o o m

o fL e id e n U n iv e r s ity fo ra d is c u s s io no f th e

re c e n tlyb yB a a d e a n d O o r t s u g g e s te d jo in t E u ro p e a n O b s e rv a to ry . U n d e r th e c h a irm a n s h ipo f B e rtil L in d b la do f S a lts j\u00f6 b a d e n th e y fo rm u la te d

a n dd u ly s ig n e d th e s ta te m e n t r e p r o d u c e d h e re , m e a n t to s tre n g th e n th e ir e ffo rts fo r g o v e rn m e n t s u p p o r tin th e re s p e c tiv e c o u n trie s .

2

S e ttin gU p th e E S O H is to ric a l A rc h iv e s

E S O

H IS T O R IC A L A R C H IV E S

In v e n to ry p e r D e c e m b e r 1 9 8 8 ; O v e ra ll C o n te n ts

I.D o c u m e n ts re c e iv e d fro m

o u ts id eE S O .

L A .A rc h iv e sJ .H . O o rt.

1 .A .1 .D o c u m e n ts d o n a te d b y O o rt tol . W o ltje r, fo rm e r D ire c to r G e n e ra l o fE S O .

I.A .2 . D o c u m e n ts d o n a te d b y O o r t toA . B la a u w a ro u n d th e y e a r 1 9 7 6 a n d tra n s fe r\ue000

re db y h im

t oE S O

H is to r ic a l A rc h iv e s .

I.B . A r c h iv e sJ .H .B a n n ie r.

D o c u m e n ts d o n a te din1 9 8 7 toH .v a n d e r L a a n b y th e D u tc h o r g a n iz a tio n Z W O fo r s p o n s o rin g s c ie n tific re s e a rc h , p e rta in in g to th e d ir e c to r s h ip o fJ .H .B a n n ie r o f th is o r g a n iz a tio n .

I.C .A r c h iv e sA . B la a u w .

I.C .1

D o c u m e n ts

p e rta in in g

to

th e

S e c re ta ria t o f th e

E S O

C o m m itte e

(w h ic h

p re \ue000

c e d e d

th e

E S O

C o u n c il) w ith

th e

e x c lu s io n

o f th o s e

c o n c e r n in g

th e

s ite -te s tin g

e x p e d itio n s .

I.C .2 . D o c u m e n ts

p e rta in in g

t o

th e

S e c re ta ria t o f th e

E S O

C o m m itte e , c o n c e r n in g

th e s ite - te s tin g e x p e d itio n s .

I.C .3 . D o c u m e n ts c o n c e r n in g lI leE S O

W o r k in g G r o u p fo r B u ild in g s , 1 9 6 3 - 1 9 6 5 .

I.C A . O th e r d o c u m e n ts b e fo re 1 9 6 8 .

I.C .5 . D o c u m e n ts p e r ta in in g to th eE S O

S c ie n tific D ir e c to r s h ip , 1 9 6 8 - 1 9 6 9 .

I.C .6 . D o c u m e n ts p e r ta in in g to th eE S O

G e n e ra l D ire c to rs h ip , 1 9 7 0 th ro u g h 1 9 7 4 .

11.D o c u m e n ta tio n o rig in a tin g fro m

in s id eE S O .

II.A .D o c u m e n ts fro m

the file m arked "ESO

A llg e m e in " , o f th e p e r io d 1 9 6 1 - 1 9 6 4 .

N ow

th a tE S O

h a s

re a c h e d

th e

a g e

a n d

s ta tu s a t w h ic h

in te re s tin

its e a rly b e g in n in g sisg r o w in g , it isd e s ira b le to s e t

u p

a n

o r g a n iz e d

s y s te m

o f

d o c u m e n ta tio n th a t s h o u ld a llo w h is to r i\ue000 c a ls tu d ie s . F o r th a t re a s o n , s te p s h a v e b e e n

ta k e n

b y

th e

D ire c to r G e n e ra l to

e s ta b lis h

th e

E S O

H is to r ic a l A rc h iv e s ,

h e n c e fo rth

t o

b e

a b b re v ia te d

E H A .

T h e s e a rc h iv e s a re

m e a n t to

s e rv e tw o

p u rp o s e s :

-

t ofo rm

a n a tu ra l fra m e w o rk fo r th e

in c o rp o ra tio n

a n d

c la s s ific a tio n

o f

d o c u m e n ta tio n

th a t m a y b e

re le v a n t to

th e s tu d y o f th e h is to ryo fE S O ;a n d

-

t o

p r o v id e

s tu d e n ts

o f E S O 's

h is \ue000

to ry

w ith

th e

n e c e s s a ry

b a s ic

re fe r\ue000

e n c e s ,

a c c e s s ib le

a t th e

d is c r e tio n

o f

th eE S O

D ire c to ra te .

A t th is m o m e n t -

fa ll 1 9 8 8 -

a b e g in \ue000 n in g h a s b e e n m a d e w ith th e c re a tio n o f th e

E H A

b y m e a n s o f s o m e q u ite v a lu \ue000 a b le c o lle c tio n s o f d o c u m e n ta tio n , p e r \ue000 ta in in g

m o s tly

t o

th e

e a r lie s t d e c a d e s ,

th a tis

fro m

th e

year 1953. They

o r ig i\ue000

n a te fro m

p e rs o n s w h o

have been

in ti\ue000

m a te ly

in v o lv e d

in

th e

c re a tio n

o f th e O rg a n iz a tio n . T h e o rig in s a n d th e n a tu re o f

th is

d o c u m e n ta tio n

c a n

b e

re c o g \ue000

n iz e d

in

th e

g lo b a l d e s c r ip tio n s

in

th e

b o x

E S O

H is to r ic a l

A r c h iv e s

accom \ue000

p a n y in g th is n o te .

F o r th e a rra n g e m e n t a n d n u m b e rin g I

h a v e

c h o s e n

a

s y s te m

w h ic h

c le a r ly s h o w s th e o rig in o f th e d o c u m e n ts a n d w h ic h , m o re o v e r, h a s a s tru c tu re a llo w \ue000 in gina n a tu ra l w a y th e in c o rp o ra tio n o f a d d itio n a l d o c u m e n ts

w ith o u t a n y

m a\ue000

n ip u la tin g . E v e n tu a lly , a m o r e

s o p h is ti\ue000 c a te d s y s te m m a y h a v et ob e in tro d u c e d , b u t fo r th e m o m e n t th e p re s e n t, s im p le o n e s h o u ld s u ffic e . T h e a r r a n g e m e n t a ls o a llo w s th e d e s c r ip tio n o f th e d o c u m e n ta \ue000 tio ninth e in v e n to ry to b e d o n e ina sm uch d e ta ila sa p p e a r s d e s ir a b le .

T h is

a rra n g e m e n t

d is c r im in a te s

firs t

o f a ll b e tw e e n

d o c u m e n ta tio n

o rig in a t\ue000

in g

fro m

o u ts id e

E S O ,c a te g o ry

I,

a n d

d o c u m e n ts fro m

w ith inE S O ,c a te g o ry

11.

A sth in g s s ta n d a t th e m o m e n t, it w o u ld

s e e m

th a t c a te g o ry

I w ill be

th e

r ic h e r

o n e . W ith in

c a te g o ry

I,I h a v e d is c r im i\ue000

n a te d

a c c o r d in g

t o

th e

s o u rc e

o f th e

d o c u m e n ts :

c a te g o ry

I.A .

re fe rs

t o

(C o n tin u e d tra m

p a g e

1 )

G ro n in g e n fro m

J u n e2 2t o 2 7[2 ]. It w a s

d u rin g

th is

s ta y

th a t,

b e tw e e n

B a a d e

a n d O o rt, th e id e a a ro s e o f a jo in t e ffo r t

b y s o m e E u ro p e a n c o u n trie s w ith

le a d \ue000

e r s h ipina s tro n o m y[3 ].

T h e

s u g g e s tio n

w as

fo llo w e d

u p

b y

O o rt

im m e d ia te ly .

A t

h is

in v ita tio n

a

g ro u p

o f a s tro n o m e rs

d is c u s s e d

i to n

d o c u m e n ts

o r ig in a lly

b e lo n g in g

t o

J .H .

O o rt, c a te g o ry

I.B .to th o s e

o r ig in a tin g

fro m

th e

D u tc h

o r g a n iz a tio n

ZW O ,

c a te g o ry

I.C .t od o c u m e n ts tra n s fe rre d

fro m

m y

a r c h iv e s

a t

th e

K a p te y n

L a b o ra to ry

a t

G ro n in g e n

t o

th e

E H A .

C le a r ly

th is

a rra n g e m e n t in v ite s

e x te n \ue000

s io n s

I.D .,

I.E .,

e tc .

fo r

d o c u m e n ts

w h ic h , h o p e fu lly , m a y b e r e c e iv e d

fro m

o th e r p e rs o n s o r a g e n c ie s th a t w e re in \ue000

v o lv e d

inth e e a rly h is to ry o fE S O .

W ith in

e a c h

o f th e s e

c a te g o rie s , fu r\ue000

th e r

s u b d iv is io n

in tro d u c e s

m o re

a n d

m o re

re fin e d

c la s s ific a tio n .

T h e

firs t

s ta g e s

o f

th e s e

a re

in d ic a te d

in

th e

a c c o m p a n y in g

In v e n to ry .

F u rth e r o n e s a re u s e dinth e m o re e x te n s iv e d e s c r ip \ue000 tio n s o f th eE H An o w

inth e m a k in g .A s

a n

illu s tr a tio n , le t m e m e n tio n

th e

s u b \ue000

d iv is io n

I.C .2 .8 .

w h ic h

p e rta in s

t o

th e

d e a lin g s

o f th e

S e c re ta ry

o fth e

E S O

C o m m itte e

(w hic h

p re c e d e d

th e

E S O

C o u n c il)

w ith

th e

M a r s e ille s

o b je c tiv e \ue000

p ris m

ra d ia l v e lo c ity

p r o je c ta s

p a rto f

th e s ite te s tin g o p e r a tio n s , a n d o f w h ic h

th e

s u b d iv is io n

I.C .2 .8 .a . c o n ta in s

th e

c o rre s p o n d e n c e w ith C h . F e h re n b a c h .

In

c o n n e c tio n

w ith

c a te g o ry

11,

i t

J u n e

2 1 ,

1 9 5 3 ,

th e

d a y

b e fo re

th e

G ro n in g e n

c o n fe re n c e

[4 ].

T h e y

w e re

B a a d e , B o u r g e o is , D a n jo n , H e c k m a n n ,

L in d b la d ,

O o rt,

O o s te rh o ff a n d

m y s e lf.

M ost

o f

th e m

p a rtic ip a te d

in

th e

G ro n in g e n

c o n fe re n c e

[5 ].A ls o

p re s e n t

o nJ u n e2 1

w a sJ .H . B a n n ie r, d ire c to r o f

th e

D u tc h

n a tio n a l

s c ie n c e

fo u n d a tio n

(Z W O )a n d a t th a t tim e P re s id e n t o f th e

s h o u ld

b e

m e n tio n e d

th a t,

o f

c o u rs e ,

a p a rt fro m

th e

c o n te n ts

o f th is

p a rt o f

th e

E H A ,

th e re

a re

in

th e

E S O

H e a d q u a rte rs

(a n d

p e rh a p s

a ls o

in

C h ile ? ) m a n y d o c u m e n ts o f in te re s t fo r

th e

s tu d y

o f

th e

E S O

h is to ry

w h ic h ,

h o w e v e r,

s till

a re

p a rt o f th e

b o d y

o f

d o c u m e n ta tio n

o c c a s io n a lly

u s e d

fo r

th e re g u la r o p e ra tio n o fE S O .O f p a rtic u \ue000 la r s ig n ific a n c e a p p e a r to b e th e e x te n \ue000 s iv e file s k e p t b y th e

E S O

Head of Ad\ue000

m in is tr a tio n ,

w h ic h

c o n ta in

v ir tu a lly

c o m p le te s e ts o f th e m in u te s o f th eE S O

C o u n c il a n d

it s

p re d e c e s s o r, th e

E S O

C o m m itte e ,

m in u te s

o f F in a n c e

C om \ue000

m itte e ,

th e

s erie s

o f

C o u n c il- M e e tin g

D o c u m e n ts ,

e tc .

N a tu r a lly ,

a c c e s s

t o

th e s e

d o c u m e n tsis

a ls o

a t th e

d is c r e \ue000

tio n

o f th e

E S O

D ire c to ra te .In

m y arti\ue000

e ie s o n th e e a rly h is to ry o fE S O

I re fe rt o

th e s e d o c u m e n tsa s F H A (F ile s H e a d o f

A d m in is tra tio n ).

F in a lly ,

m e n tio n

s h o u ld

b e

m ade

o f

th e

c o lle c tio n

o f o ld

p h o to g ra p h s

a n d

s lid e s

b e lo n g in g

t o

th e

P h o to g ra p h ic

D e p a rtm e n t o fE S O ,w h ic h

a ls o

a re

o f

h is to r ic a l

in te re s t,

b u t

s till

t o

b e

c la s s ifie d .

A .B L A A U W

C o u n c il

o f

C E R N ,

th e

jo in t

E u ro p e a n

e ffo rt

in

n u e le a r

re s e a rc h .

O ver

th e

y e a rs ,

th e

E S O

e ffo rt

w o u ld

g re a tly

b e n e fit fro m

B a n n ie r 's

e x p e r ie n c e . T h e p a rtic ip a n ts a t th e m e e tin g re p re s e n te d fiv e

" c o n tin e n ta l"

c o u n trie s .

A fte r

th e

m e e tin g S ir H a r o ld S p e n c e r J o n e s , A s \ue000

tro n o m e r

R oyal

o f

G re a t

B rita in ,

a n d

R ic h a r d

S to y o f th e C a p e O b s e rv a to ry ,

3

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