Irregular Verbs

Alina A. Miu Procopie P.
Clonea

English (and American)
(Ir)regular Verbs in Context

Editura Universitii din Piteti
2005
Str. Trgu din Vale, nr.1
110040, Piteti, jud. Arge

Tel./Fax: 40 248 216448

Copyright 2005 Editura Universitii din Piteti
Toate drepturile asupra acestei ediii sunt rezervate
Editurii Universitii din Piteti. Nici o parte din aceast
carte nu poate fi reprodus prin foto-copiere sau prin orice
alte mijloace, fr permisiunea scris a autorilor.

Director Editur: Lect. univ. dr. Sorin Fianu
Redactor ef: Prof. univ. dr. Constantin ibrian
Tehnoredactare computerizat: Alina A. Miu
Coperta: Mdlina Stoian
Revizie final: prof. univ. dr. Procopie P. Clonea
Bun de tipar: 10. 10. 2005

Descrierea CIP a Bibliotecii Naionale a Romniei
MIU, ALINA
English (and American) (Ir)regular Verbs in
Context/Alina Miu, Procopie P. Clonea Piteti:
Editura Universitii din Piteti, 2005.
Bibliogr.
Index
ISBN 973-690-429-6

Alina A. Miu Procopie P. Clonea

English (and American)
(Ir)regular Verbs in Context

2005


Tehnoredactare computerizat: Alina A. Miu
Coperta: Mdlina Stoian
Revizie final: prof. univ. dr. Procopie P. Clonea
Bun de tipar: octombrie 2005

CONTENTS

A-Irregular Verbs
7
B-Irregular Verbs
8
C-Irregular Verbs
23
D-Irregular Verbs
30
E-Irregular Verbs
35
F-Irregular Verbs
35
G-Irregular Verbs
44
H-Irregular Verbs
50
I-Irregular Verbs ..
55
K-Irregular Verbs
57
L-Irregular Verbs .
60
M-Irregular Verbs ...
66
O-Irregular Verbs
73
P-Irregular Verbs .
93
Q- Irregular Verbs ...
97
R-Irregular Verbs
98
S-Irregular Verbs .
102
T-Irregular Verbs .
127
U-Irregular Verbs
133
W-Irregular Verbs ...
140
Appendix: Verbs Which Have Both
Irregular and Regular Forms

145
List of Phonetic Symbols .. 156
General Bibliography ... 159

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$ $ $ $

Indefinite
Infinitive
Past Tense of the
Indicative Mood
Past Participle
1.
to abide |c'baid|
also reg.
abode |c'bcod|
abided |c'baidid|
abode |c'bcod|
abided |c'baidid|

Translation and context:
a zbovi (ntr-un loc); a locui (nv.): abiae with smb.; the right
to enter ana abiae in a country; abiae by the rules a
respecta, a aciona potrivit (unei legi, regulament, etc.); to
abiae by a aecision/veraict: If you foin a club, you have to
abiae by its rules.

2. to arise
|c'raiz|
arose
|c'rcoz|
arisen
|c'rizn|/|c'riz(c)n|

a proveni, a lua nastere (a se isca) It arises from the fact that
.; How aia the quarrel arise?
Phrases and Idiomatic Expressions
arise from/out of, shoula the neea arise, when/if the neea
arises

3. to awake
|c'wcik|
also reg.
awoke
|c'wcok|
awaked |c'wcikt|
awoke |c'wcok|/
awaked |c'wcikt|
awaked |c'wcikt|

a (se) trezi. We awoke to a aay of brilliant sunshine.
awake to sth

8
% % % %

Indefinite
Infinitive
Past Tense of the
Indicative Mood
Past Participle
4. to babysit
|'bcibisit|
babysat
|'bcibist|
babysat
|'bcibist|

a supraveghea un copil ct timp prinii sunt plecai. Ask Alex
ana Joan next time youre babysitting.

5. to backbite
|'bkbait|
backbit
|'bkbit|
backbitten
|'bkbitn|
backbit
|'bkbit|
(inIml. AmE)

a vorbi de ru (n spate), a calomnia, a ponegri, a cleveti, a
brIi. If a reaaer aoes not like what a writer has written he
may backbite him to the eaitor.

6. backslide
|'bksIaid|
backslid
|'bksIid|
backslid
|'bksIid|
/backslidden
|'bksIid(c)n|

a da napoi, a a reveni (asupra); a decdea moral.
Unfortunately, John has backslia to his former self.

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7. to be
|bi:,bi |
was |woz, wcz|
were |wa:, wc|
been
|bi:n, bin|

a Ii, a exista, a se ntmpla, a costa. How much are the
melons? The big ones are 2 each.
be that as it may, (not) be yourself, the be-all ana ena-all (of)

8.
to bear |bcc|

bore |b5:|

borne |b5:n|
born |b5:n|
(nscut())

a cra, a ndura; a naste. She bore three chilaren; Beware of
Greeks bearing gifts (Timeo Daneos et aona ferentus); (Iolosit
numai la pasiv) To be born.
bear (sb) a gruage, bear (sth) in mina, bear a
resemblance/relation to sb/sth, bear arms, bear comparison,
bear aown, bear aown on sb/sth, bear fruit, bear in mina
(that), bear interest, bear on/upon sth, bear right/left, bear sb
a chila/son/aaughter, bear sb no malice/ill will etc, bear
sb/sth out, bear scrutiny, bear the brunt, bear the
costs/buraen, bear the responsibility/blame etc., bear the
strain, bear up, bear ... weight, bear with me, bring
pressure/influence to bear (on sb/sth), can bear, cant bear
aoing sth, cant bear sb aoing sth, cant bear sth, cant bear
the thought of (aoing) sth, cant bear to ao sth, grin ana bear
it, more than ... coula bear, sth aoesnt bear thinking about

9.
to beat |bi:t| beat |bi:t| beaten |bi:tn|
beat|bi:t| (AmE)

a bate, a nvinge, a lovi cu Iora, n mod repetat. Labour easily

10
beat the Conservatives in the last election.
(it) beats me, beat the pants off sb, beat a (hasty) retreat, beat
a path (to sbs aoor), beat a path/track, beat a recora/score
etc, beat about/arouna the bush, beat aoing sth, beat aown,
beat it', beat off, beat on/against/at etc., beat sb at/in sth,
beat sb black ana blue, beat sb aown, beat sb aown, beat sb
aown to, beat sb hollow, beat sb to sth, beat sb up, beat sb/sth
off, beat sb/sth out, beat sb/sth out for, beat sth in, beat sth
together, beat the clock, beat the aoor aown, beat the heat,
beat the living aaylights out of sb, beat the rap, beat the ...
rush, beat the system, beat time, beat ... to it, beat ... to the
punch, beat up, beat up on sb, beat your brains out, beat your
breast, beat yourself up, beaten to aeath, beaten unconscious,
can you beat that/it?, if you cant beat em, foin em, Nothing
beats, take some beating, to beat the bana, You cant beat,
you cant beat sth (for sth)

10. to become
|bi'k\m|
became
|bi'kcim|
become
|bi'k\m|

1. a deveni, a se Iace. First William Shakespeare was Jack-of-all-
traaes with a Lonaon theatrical company, then he became an
actor ana playwright. 2. a-i veni (bine, ru); a i se potrivi
(cuiva). This hat becomes you'
what became of ...?/whatever will become of ...?, be
maae/become manifest, be/become attunea to sth, be/become
habituatea to (aoing) sth, be/become overloaaea with sth,
be/become secona nature (to sb), be/become the norm,
be/become/be aeclarea persona non grata, be/become/get
paranoia, become an obsession, become available, become
aware, become ... aisillusionea, become aominant, become
eviaent, become inaepenaent, become law, become obsolete,
become operational, become politici:ea, become the focus
for, become ... witharawn, become a habit, become a reality,
become a way of life, become entanglea, become extinct,
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become haraenea (to sth), become operative, become/get
vestea (in sth), become/grow impatient (with sb/sth),
become/grow/get accustomea to sth, become/grow/get
restless, becoming a vegetarian, becoming an uncle, fast
becoming/aisappearing/approaching etc., get/become
emotional, get/become frantic, get/grow/become maualin,
tempers become frayea

11. to befall
|bi'I5:I|
befell
|bi'IcI|
befallen
|bi'I5:In|

a i se ntmpla (cuiva); a avea parte de. A strange fate befell
him.
fate ... befell sb

12. to beget
|bi'gct|
begot
|bi'got|
begat |bi'gt|
(arch., Bibl.)
begotten
|bi'gotn|
begot|bi'got|
(AmE)

a zmisli, a da nastere la. Hunger begets crime. Ana Aaam
livea a hunarea ana thirty years, ana begat a son in his own
likeness, after his image, ana callea his name Seth. (Genesis,
5)

13. to begin
|bi'gin|
began
|bi'gn|
begun
|bi'g\n|

a ncepe. Well begun is half aone. (English saying)
begin (sth) as sth, begin at, begin by aoing sth, begin aoing
sth, begin to ao sth, begin with, cant begin to

12
unaerstana/imagine etc., to begin with, begin/continue/stop
etc. your stuaies, begin/open/take proceeaings (against sb),
begin in earnest, begun to surface, charity begins at home,
ena/finish/begin etc. (sth) on a high note, start/begin anew,
start/begin/come to life as sth

14. to behold
|bi'hcoId|
beheld
|bi'hcId|
beheld
|bi'hcId|

(poetic/literar / adesea la imperativ) a vedea, a observa (ceva,
pe cineva impresionant), a contempla. The snow-cappea
mountains were a pleasure to behola. Lo ana behola'
be a sight/foy/pleasure etc. to behola, be a (beautiful, strange,
frightening etc.) sight to behola, lo ana behola

15. to bend
|bcnd|
bent
|bcnt|
bent
|bcnt|

a ndoi; a se ndoi; a interpreta sau a modiIica n mod interesat
o regul sau lege. To bena the law-rules. We cannot bena the
rules even for the presiaent.
bena aown, bena over, bena over backwaras (to ao sth), bena
sbs ear, bena the truth, bena to sbs will, bena towaras/across
etc., bena your mina/efforts to sth, on benaea knee, be bent
aouble, be bent on aoing sth, bena the rules, bena/lean over
backwaras (to ao sth)

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16. to bereave (of)
|bi'ri:v|
also reg.
bereft
|bi'rcIt|
bereaved
|bi'ri:vd|
bereft
|bi'rcIt|
bereaved
|bi'ri:vd|

a lipsi de, a deposeda de, a priva de. A tragic acciaent bereft
the two chilaren of their parents.

17. to beseech
|bi'si:tj|
also reg.
besought
|bi's5:t|
beseeched
|bi'si:tjt|
besought
|bi's5:t|
beseeched
|bi'si:tjt|

(lit.) a implora, a ruga Iierbinte. Dont leave me here alone'
she besought him.

18.
to beset |bi'sct| beset |bi'sct| beset |bi'sct|

a coplesi, a Ii coplesit (de); (arh.) a ncrusta, a mpodobi (cu
diam.). She was beset with worry. A royal crown beset with
precious stones.
beset sb with/by sth, besetting sin

19. bespeak
|bi'spi:k|
bespoke
|bi'spcok|
bespoken
|bi'spcok(c)n|

a Ii o dovad (c), o mrturie (c), a vdi (c). His expensive
car bespoke money.


14
20. to bestrew
(with) |bi'stru:|
also reg.
bestrewed
|bi'stru:d|
bestrewed
|bi'stru:d|
bestrewn
|bi'stru:n|
bestrewed
|bi'stru:d|

(lit. or poetic) a presra (cu); a mprstia, a rspndi
(deasupra). The meaaow was bestrewn with myriaas of yellow
aaffoails.

21. to bestride
|bi'straid|
bestrode
|bi'strcod|
bestridden
|bi'stridn| (rare)
bestrid |bi'strid|
(rare)
bestrode
|bi'strcod|

a sta sau a se aseza clare pe. The Inaian warrior bestroae his
horse with the easy grace of a wila cat.

22.
to bet |bct|
also reg.
bet |bct|
betted |'bctid|
bet |bct|
betted |'bctid|

a paria. Helen bet all her money on the wrong horse.
(ao you) want to bet? (wanna bet? coloq.), bet (sb) that, bet
(sth) on sth, bet against, aont bet on it, I bet, you (can) bet
your life/your bottom aollar, you bet', put/bet/stake your shirt
on sth

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23. to betake
|bi'tcik|
betook
|bi'tok|
betaken
|bi'tcikn|

(lit. or poetic) a se duce, a se ndrepta (spre, ctre). I shall
betake myself to my loagings.

24. bethink
|bi'Oipk|
bethought
|bi'O5:t|
bethought
|bi'O5:t|

(Iormal or arh.) a se gndi la, a reIlecta; a-si aminti. To bethink
oneself of smth. He bethought himself of times gone ana past.

25. to bid
|bid|(Ior)

bid |bid|
bade bd|/|bcid|/
bid|bid|
bid |bid|
bidden
|'bidn|
bade bd|/|bcid|
Obs. The Iorms bia baae(e) biaaen are used in rather archaic
style: Do as you are bia/biaaen.

a licita; (literar) a-si lua rmas bun; a comanda, a porunci
(cuiva). Three firms bia for the contract on the new campus.
That was a chance to bia farewell to their presiaent ana
welcome the new man. I aia as he baae me. To bia sb. gooa
morning/afternoon, etc.
bia (sb) sth for sth, bia against, bia for, bia ... aaieu, bia
farewell to, bia sb (to) ao sth, bia sb gooa afternoon/gooa
morning etc.


16
26.
bide [baidj bode |bcod|
(AmE)
bided |'baidid|
(BrEAmE)
bided |'baidid|

bided |'baidid|
(BrEAmE)

a astepta, a rmne n asteptare. To biae ones time. He wantea
to ask for a raise but biaea/boae his time.
Note: See the verb to boae-boaea-boaea a prevesti.
biae your time

27. to bind
|baind|
bound
|baond|
bound
|baond|

a lega (si Iig.); a oblige, a constrnge. The nurse bouna up the
wouna. They were bouna by a aeep feeling of comraaeship.
Bank employees are bouna to keep confiaential their clients
financial operations.
bina sb over, bina sb to ao sth, bina sb/sth together, bina
with, bouna ana gaggea, be bouna (by sth), be bouna
(together) by sth, be bouna to, be bouna up in sth, be bouna
up with sth, be auty bouna/honour bouna to ao sth, be
inextricably linkea/bouna up/mixea etc., be/feel bouna to ao
sth, be/feel honour bouna to ao sth, it is bouna to be, tie/bina
sb hana ana foot

28.
to bite |bait|

bit |bit|

bitten |'bitn|
(Br.EAmE)
bit |bit| (AmE)

a musca (a nepa). The lion bit its trainer. While on holiaay,
she was bitten by an aaaer.
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be bitten by the showbi:/travel/flying etc bug, bit ... hara, bite
back, bite back at, bite into, bite into/through/at/aown, bite
off more than you can chew, bite sth back, bite sth off, bite the
bullet, bite the aust, bite the hana that feeas you, bite your lip,
bite your nails, bite your tongue, he/she wont bite, once
bitten, twice shy, sth/sb bites, whats biting you/her etc?

29.
to bleed |bIi:d| bled |bIcd| bled |bIcd|

a sngera; a lua cuiva snge (si Iig.). He blea to aeath. To
bleea someone ary (of money). My heart bleeas for you.
bleea to aeath, bleea profusely/heavily, bleea rea ink, bleea sb
ary/white, bleea/burn/starve etc to aeath, my heart bleeas (for
sb)

30. to blend
|bIcnd|
blent |bIcnt|
(esp. AmE)
blended
|'bIcndid|
(BrEAmE)
blent |Icnt|
(esp. AmE)
blended
|'bIcndid|
(BrEAmE)

a (a)mesteca. Mother tola Billy to blena the cornflour with a
tablespoon of water. ,

31.
to bless |bIcs|
also reg.
blest |bIcst|
blessed |bIcst|
blest |bIcst|
blessed |bIcst|

a binecuvnta. Then the priest blest the breaa ana wine.
be blessea with sth, bless (him/her etc), bless my soul/Ill be
blessea', bless you', haa ... marriage blessea, bless my

18
soul/upon my soul, Goa bless

32.
to blow |bIco| blew |bIu:| blown |bIcon|

a suIla (vntul, despre o persoan); a exploda, a distruge
violent prin explozie. The wina blew with gale force. He blew
cigar smoke in my face. The bomb blew several peaestrians to
bits. Also to blow ones nose.
blow the aoor shut, blow (sth) into/onto/out etc, blow (sth)
open/shut, blow a fuse/gasket, blow aown, blow glass, blow
hot ana cola, blow in, blow it, blow itself out, blow off steam,
blow out, blow over, blow sb a kiss, blow sb away, blow sb
out, blow sbs cover, blow sbs heaa off, blow sbs mina, blow
sb/sth off, blow sb/sth out of the water, blow sth (up) out of
(all) proportion, blow sth away/out/off sth, blow sth aown,
blow sth out, blow sth over, blow sth sky-high, blow sth up,
blow sth/sb to pieces/bits/smithereens, blow the lia off sth,
blow the tyres up, blow the whistle on sb, blow up, blow up
at, blow up ... balloon, blow up in sbs face, blow your nose,
blow your own horn, blow your own trumpet, blow your
top/stack/cool, blow your/sbs brains out, blow/blow me/blow
it etc., blowing a gale, blowing bubbles, blowing hara, blown
... chances, blown into town, Im blowea

33. to break
|brcik|
broke
|brcok|
broken
|'brcok(c)n|

a sparge (si Iig.), a crpa; a se sparge, a se rupe; a nclca
(reguli). He broke his neck when falling aown the stairs. To
break the law.
break (sbs) serve, break a coae, break a habit, break a
fourney, break a link/tie/connection, break a recora, break a
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strike, break an agreement/contract, break away, break away
from, break aown, break aown the barriers, break for, break
for sth, break in, break in on, break in with, break ... into ...
pieces, break into a run/trot etc., break into a smile/a
song/applause etc., break into sth., break ... of the habit,
break off, break out, break out in spots/a rash/a sweat etc.,
break out of, break ... promises, break sb in, break sb of sth,
break sb up, break sbs concentration, break sbs heart, break
sbs power, break sbs spirit, break sth aown, break sth in,
break sth in half/two, break sth off, break sth up, break the
back of sth, break the bank, break the aeaalock, break the ice,
break the news, break the rules, break the silence, break the
skin, break through, break through (sth), break through into,
break up, break up for, break up the meeting, break up with,
break wina, break with sb/sth, break with traaition/the past,
breaking the law

34. to breastfeed
|'brcst Ii:d|
breastfed
|'brcst Icd|
breastfed
|'brcst Icd|

a alpta, a da s sug. She breastfea her first chila ana she was
very proua of it.

35.
to breed |bri:d| bred |brcd| bred |brcd|

a creste (vite); a se nmuli (despre animale); a educa sau a
pregti pe cineva (o persoan) pentru a se comporta ntr-un
anumit Iel sau a avea anumite caliti. These horses are brea
for racing. Young Jane haa been beautifully brea.

36.
to bring |brip| brought |br5:t| brought |br5:t|

a aduce (un lucru sau o persoan); (neg.) (despre o persoan) a

20
se Iora s Iac ceva neplcut sau dureros. She coulant bring
herself to tell them about the acciaent.
be brought up (as) a Catholic/Muslim etc., bring a smile to
sbs lips/face, bring back, bring charges/a lawsuit/a court
case/a prosecution/a claim (against sb), bring forwara
legislation/plans/policies etc., bring home the bacon, bring in
a veraict, bring out the best/worst in sb, bring peace, bring sb
back, bring sb back sth, bring sb back to sth, bring sb in to ao
sth, bring sb onto sth, bring sb out in sth, bring sb out of
himself/herself, bring sb sth, bring sb through (sth), bring sb
together, bring sb up short/with a start, bring sb up to ao sth,
bring sb/sth along, bring sb/sth arouna/rouna, bring sb/sth
arouna/rouna to, bring sb/sth aown, bring sb/sth in, bring
sb/sth into sth, bring sb/sth rouna, bring sb/sth up, bring
sb/sth up before, bring sb/sth with you, bring sth about, bring
sth back, bring sth back for sb, bring sth aown on/upon sb,
bring sth forth, bring sth forwara, bring sth forwara to, bring
sth off, bring sth on, bring sth on/upon sb, bring sth on/upon
yourself, bring sth out, bring sth to an ena/a close/a halt/a
conclusion, bring sth to bear (on/upon sth), bring sth to
sb/sth, bring sth up/aown/rouna etc., bring sth/sb to sth/sb,
bring tears to sbs eyes, bring the conversation arouna/rouna
to sth, bring the total/number/score etc to sth, bring ... to
fustice, cannot/coula not bring myself to ao sth, sth is brought
to you by sb, that/this/which brings me to, what brings you
here?

37. to broadcast
|'br5:dko:st|
also reg.
broadcast
|'br5:dko:st|
broadcasted
|'br5:dko:stid|
broadcast
|'br5:dko:st|
broadcasted
|'br5:dko:stid|

a emite, a transmite (radio, T.V.); a rspndi (Iig.). She
broaacast the news of her engagement all over town.
broaacast live
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38. to browbeat
|'braobi:t|
browbeat
|'braobi:t|
browbeaten
|'braobi:tn|

a obliga pe cineva s Iac ceva cu privire amenintoare sau
dominatoare; a intimida, a coercita. She was aeterminea to
browbeat everyone into believing her.
browbeat sb into aoing sth

39. to build
|biId|
built
|biIt|
built
|biIt|

a construi; a Iuri. Communism was supposea to be builaing
iaeal societies.
be built of sth, buila (up) a picture of sb/sth, buila briages,
buila on, buila on sth, buila sb sth, buila sb/sth up, buila sth
arouna sth, buila sth in, buila sth into sth, buila sth on, buila
sth on sth, buila sth up, buila sth up into, buila up, buila up
sbs hopes/buila sbs hopes up, buila up sth, buila up to sth

40. to burn
|ba:n|
also reg.
burnt
|ba:nt|
burned |ba:nd|
burnt
|ba:nt|
burned |ba:nd|

a arde (si Iig.); a emite lumin. Her face burnt with the
humiliation. He was burning with curiosity. A small lamp was
burning in a corner.
baaly burnea, be burning to ao sth, be burning up, be burning
with rage/aesire etc, be burnt out, be/get burnea, be/get burnt
out, burn a hole in your pocket, burn along/up etc., burn
away, burn aown, burn itself out, burn out, burn sb up, burn
sth away, burn sth aown, burn sth off, burn sth out, burn sth

22
to a crisp/cinaer, burn sth up, burn the canale at both enas,
burn the mianight oil, burn up, burn your briages/boats, burn
your fingers/get your fingers burnea, burn yourself out,
burnea alive, burnea to aeath, burnt a hole in, burnt at the
stake, burnt to the grouna, get burnt, it burns sb that/how etc.

41.
to burst |ba:st| burst |ba:st| burst |ba:st|

a plesni; a crpa; a Iace explozie; a izbucni (n lacrimi, rs).
The balloon suaaenly burst. She burst out laughing.
be bursting, be bursting to ao sth, be bursting with
priae/energy/excitement etc., be bursting with sth, burst in
on/upon sb/sth, burst into flames/flame, burst into laughter,
burst into song, burst into sth, burst into tears, burst
into/through/in etc., burst its banks, burst onto the ... scene,
burst onto/upon/on sth, burst open, burst out, burst out
laughing/crying/singing etc., burst sbs bubble, pipes ... burst

42.
to bust |b\st|

also reg.

bust |b\st|
(esp. Br.E)
busted |'b\stid|
(esp. Am.E)
bust |b\st|
(esp. Br.E)
busted |'b\stid|
(esp. Am.E)

(inIormal) a sparge ceva; a aresta. Tony bust the aoor aown.
He was bustea by U.S. inspectors at the boraer.
bust a gut, bust out, bust sb for sth, bust sth up, bust up,
crime-busting/union-busting/buaget-busting etc., get bustea
for (arugs), ... or bust'

(1*/,6+DQG$0(5,&$1,55(*8/$59(5%6,1&217(;7 23

43.
to buy |bai| bought |b5:t| bought |b5:t|

a cumpra; a corupe pe cineva (a-l cumpra); (colocvial) a
crede sau accepta (o propunere verbal). The fuage is saia to
have been bought by the Mafia. I aont buy that'
buy (sb) time, buy (sth) from sb, buy in bulk, buy into sth, buy
out, buy sb off, buy sb out of sth, buy sb sth, buy sb/sth out,
buy sth at the cost/expense/price of sth, buy sth for $10/200
etc, buy sth for sb/sth, buy sth in, buy sth up, Hell never buy
that, sb bought it

& & & &

Indefinite
Infinitive
Past Tense of the
Indicative Mood
Past Participle
44.
to cast |ko:st| cast |ko:st| cast |ko:st|

a arunca; a turna (metal). The statue of a hero on his horse
cast in bron:e. To cast aoubt on smb.s actions.
cast a critical/expert etc eye, cast a horoscope, cast a
look/glance at sb/sth, cast a shaaow/cloua over sth, cast a
shoe, cast a spell on/over sb, cast a vote/ballot, cast
about/arouna for sth, cast an eye on/over sth, cast asiae
inhibitions/aoubts etc., cast aspersions on sth/sb, cast away,
cast aoubt(s) on sth, cast ... in the role of, cast light on/onto
sth, cast off, cast on, cast sb a glance/look, cast sb
alongsiae/opposite sb, cast sb as sth, cast sb in a role/a
part/the leaa, cast sb into prison/Hell etc., cast sb/sth asiae,
cast sb/sth off, cast sb/sth out, cast sth in/from sth, cast sth
off, cast sth on, cast sth over/on/across sth, cast sth up, cast
your mina back, cast your mina back over, cast your mina
back to, cast your net (far ana) wiae, casting her eyes aown

24

45.
to catch |ktj| caught |k5:t| caught |k5:t|

a prinde; a (se) apuca; (Iig.) a nelege. I aiant quite catch
what you saia. To catch hola of smth.
be caught in/without etc sth, be/get caught up in sth, catch a
glimpse of sb/sth, catch a movie, catch a riae, catch a
train/plane/bus, catch at sth, catch fire, catch it, catch on,
catch on to, catch sb at it, catch sb by surprise/catch sb off
guara, catch sb aoing sth, catch sb in the act (of aoing sth),
catch sb out, catch sb up, catch sb with their pants/trousers
aown, catch sbs attention/interest/imagination etc., catch sbs
eye, catch sight of sb/sth, catch sth from/off sb/sth, catch the
post, catch the sun, catch up, catch up on, catch up on some
sleep, catch up with, catch up with sb, catch you later, catch
your breath, catch your aeath (of cola), catch yourself aoing
sth, catching up, caught hola of, caught rea-hanaea, get
caught, getting caught, have a ... to catch, not catch sth, past
catches up with, you wont catch me aoing sth

46.
to clad |kld|

also reg.

clad |kld|
(BrEAmE)
cladded |'kIdid|
(BrE)
clad |kld|
(BrEAmE)
cladded |'kIdid|
(BrE)

a acoperi, a mbrca, a placa cu un strat subire de piatr, metal
pe structur metalic, etc. The Brancui column in Tg. Jiu was
claa with a new layer of inoxiaable metal.
claa in, snow-claa/ivy-claa etc., warmly/suitably/scantily claa

(1*/,6+DQG$0(5,&$1,55(*8/$59(5%6,1&217(;7 25
47.
to chide |tjaid|
(almost literary)
also reg.
chid |tjid|

chided |'tjaidid|
chid |tjid| /
chidden |'tjidn|
chided |'tjaidid|

a ocr (nv.); a mustra. She chiaea him for not replying to her
letter.
chiae sb for (aoing) sth

48.
to choose |tju:z| chose |tjcoz| chosen |'tjcozn|

a alege; a preIera. He chose to remain silent.
choose between, choose from, choose sb/sth as sth, choose
sb/sth for sth, choose sb/sth to ao sth, choose to ao sth,
choose ones woras, there is little/nothing to choose between
sth

49.
to cleave |kIi:v|

also reg.
clove
|kIcov|
cleft |kIcIt|
cleaved |kIi:vd|
cloven
|'kIcovn|
cleft |kIcIt|
cleaved |kIi:vd|

a despica; a tia n buci; (to) a rmne credincios, Iidel.
Before nightfall they clove wooa for the fire. To cleave to
ones principles in spite of persecution.
cleave the air/aarkness etc., cleave to sb/sth


26

50.
to cling |kIip| clung |kI\p| clung |kI\p|

a se aga (si Iig.). It is a known fact that aictators cling to
power for fear of being brought to fustice.
cling on, cling to sth, cling to the hope/belief/iaea etc (that),
cling to/arouna etc., cling to/on/at etc.

51.
to clothe |kIco|

also reg.
clad |kId|
(archaic, poetic,
literary)
clothed |kIcod|
clad |kId|
(archaic, poetic,
literary)
clothed |kIcod|

a mbrca; (Iig.) a mbrca, a nvesmnta, a acoperi, a gti.
Spring clothes the lana with veraure. Jine-claa cottages. Ill-
claa vagrants.
be clothea in sth, fully/partially/scantily etc. clothea

52.
to come |k\m| came |kcim| come |k\m|

a veni; a sosi (si Iig.). Their aecision to finally get marriea
came as a big surprise.
as nice/as stupia etc as they come, be (fust) coming up to sth,
be coming along, be coming up, be/have yet to come, come
across ... well, come aown on ... like a ton of bricks, come off
... well, come out all wrong, come to nothing, come (now),
come 50/100 etc miles/kilometres, come a long way, come
about, come across, come across as, come across sb/sth,
come across with sth, come across/aown/up etc., come after
sb, come again?, come along, come along', come ana ao sth,
come ana go, come apart, come arouna, come arouna from,
(1*/,6+DQG$0(5,&$1,55(*8/$59(5%6,1&217(;7 27
come arouna to, come as a surprise/relief/blow etc (to sb),
come as no surprise, come at sb/sth, come away, come away
with, come back, come back at, come back to, come before
sb/sth, come before/after, come between sb, come by, come by
(sth), come by car/train/bus etc., come by sth, come clean,
come clean about, come aown, come aown hara on, come
aown on sb, come aown on the siae of sb/sth, come aown to,
come aown to sb/sth, come aown with sth, come
easily/naturally (to sb), come far, come first/secona etc., come
for sb/sth, come forwara, come from, come from aoing sth,
come from sb/sth, come gooa/right, come here, come in, come
in first/secona etc/, come in for criticism/blame/scrutiny, come
in for sth, come in on, come in to, come in', come in/into/out
of etc., come into leaf/flower/blossom, come into sth, come
into view/sight, come into your own, come July/next year/the
next aay etc., come of age, come of sth, come off, come off
(sth), come off best/better/worst etc., come off it', come off
sth, come on, come on in/over/up etc., come on sb/sth, come
on strong, come on to sb/sth, come on', come
open/unaone/loose etc., come out, come out against, come out
ana say, come out at sth, come out in favour of, come out in
spots/a rash etc., come out in sth, come out of, come out of
sth, come out of yourself, come out on strike, come out to,
come out with sth, come over, come over (all) shy/nervous
etc., come over as, come over sb, come over to/from, come
over ... well, come right out with sth/come right out ana say
sth, come rouna, come running/flying/speeaing etc, come
through, come through (sth), come through with sth, come
through/across/by way of etc., come to, come to a
aecision/conclusion/agreement etc., come to a halt/stop, come
to be aoing sth, come to ainner/lunch, come to ao sth, come to
pass, come to sb, come to sth, come to think of it/come to that,
come to/towaras, come unaer attack/fire/scrutiny etc., come
unaer sth, come up, come up against sth/sb, come up for
aiscussion/examination/review etc., come up for election/re-
election/selection etc., come up for sth, come up to, come up
to expectations, come up to sth/sb, come up with sth, come
up/aown, come upon sb/sth, come what may, come with,
come, come'/come now, coming (right) up', coming apart at

28
the seams, coming back into fashion, coming from
him/her/you etc., coming home, aont come the
innocent/victim/helpless male etc with me, aont know what
came over, for years/weeks/aays etc to come, hara to come
by, have come a long way, have sth coming (to you), here
comes sb/sth, how come?, in years/aays to come, it all comes
aown to, it ... come to this, it wont come to that, its come out
that, its come to something when, not come into it, not know
whether you are coming or going, somethings come up, take
sth as it comes, what is the worla/the country etc coming to?,
when it comes to sth, where sb is coming from

53.
to cost |kost| cost |kost| cost |kost|

a costa. The train return ticket cost 40.
cost a (small) fortune/a pretty penny, cost a bomb/a packet,
cost ... an arm ana a leg, cost sb aear/aearly, cost sb their
fob/life/marriage etc., cost the earth, it will cost you, cost a
pretty penny

54.
to creep |kri:p| crept |krcpt| crept |krcpt|

a se tr (despre plante, insecte, etc.); (Iig.) a se Iurisa. He
crept into the aafoining room in oraer to listen to their secret
conversation.
creep (up) to sb, creep aown/along/away etc., creep
in/into/over etc., creep into/over etc., creep into/over/arouna
etc., creep up on sb/sth, creep up/over/arouna etc., sb/sth
makes my flesh creep

(1*/,6+DQG$0(5,&$1,55(*8/$59(5%6,1&217(;7 29
55.
to crow |krco| crew |kru:|
(esp. BrE)
crowed |krcod|
-

a cnta cucurigu, a cucuriga; (despre copii) a scoate ipete de
bucurie, a jubila. Little Johnny crew with aelight.
crow over/about

56.
to cut |k\t| cut |k\t| cut |k\t|

a tia (cu cuitul, IoarIeca, etc.); a scurta din lungime (prul,
iarba, etc.); a reduce (cantitativ). Theyll have to cut prices if
they want to stay on the market. To cut ones fingernails/hair.
(it) cuts both ways, be cut off, be cut out for sth, cut (sb) a
check, cut a aeal, cut a fine/strange etc figure, cut a hole, cut
a swathe through sth, cut across sth, cut along/across/rouna
etc., cut ana paste, cut ana run, cut back, cut back on, cut
class/school, cut corners, cut costs, cut aown, cut aown on,
cut free, cut in, cut in line, cut in on, cut into, cut it/that out,
cut it/things fine, cut no ice/not cut much ice, cut ... off without
a penny, cut off your nose to spite your face, cut ... open, cut
out, cut ... out of ... will, cut prices, cut sb aeaa, cut sb aown,
cut sb aown to si:e, cut sb from sth, cut sb in, cut sb in on, cut
sb off, cut sb off from sth, cut sb out, cut sb short, cut sb sth,
cut sb to the quick/bone, cut sb up, cut sb/sth off, cut sb/sth
up, cut ... shaving, cut sth away, cut sth back, cut sth by 1
million/$5 billion/half etc., cut sth aown, cut sth from sth, cut
sth in half/in two, cut sth in/into sth, cut sth into
slices/chunks/pieces etc., cut sth into sth, cut sth off, cut sth
off sth, cut sth out, cut sth out of, cut sth short, cut sth to
si:e/length, cut sth up, cut sth up into, cut sth with sth, cut the
(umbilical) cora, cut the crap, cut the grouna from unaer sbs
feet, cut the lawn/grass/heage etc., cut through, cut through

30
sth, cut through/aown/across etc., cut to the bone, cut to the
chase, cut up, cut up rough, cut your coat accoraing to your
cloth, cut your finger/knee/hana etc., cut your losses, cut your
own throat, cut your teeth (on sth), cut yourself (on sth), cut
yourself off (from sb), get cut off, have/get your hair cut, not
cut it, not cut the mustara, to cut a long story short, you coula
cut the atmosphere with a knife

' ' ' '

57.
to dare |dcc|

dared |dccd|
durst |da:st|
dared |dccd|
Note: Dictionaries still mention the irregular aurst past tense
Iorm as archaic or regional.

a ndrzni; a desIide. Dont you aare contraaict me on that' I
aare you ao that' Ana Elihu the son of Barachel the Bu:ite
answerea ana saia, I am young, ana ye are very ola,
wherefore I was afraia, ana aurst not shew you mine opinion.
(Job: 32:6)
aare (to) ao sth, aare I say/suggest, aare sb to ao sth, aont
you aare', how aare you, I aare say, I aare you

58.
to deal |di:I| dealt |dcIt| dealt |dcIt|

a se ocupa (cu) ( in); a avea de-a Iace (cu cineva) ( with); a
trata (o chestiune). John aeals in antiques. I shall no longer
aeal with him. This matter is to be aealt with most carefully.
aeal a blow (to sb/sth), aeal a heavy/severe/serious etc blow,
aeal effectively/aaequately etc with sth, aeal in, aeal in
antiques/secona-hana books etc., aeal in arugs/stolen gooas
etc., aeal in shares/securities etc., aeal in sth, aeal sb in, aeal
(1*/,6+DQG$0(5,&$1,55(*8/$59(5%6,1&217(;7 31
sth out, aeal with a problem/issue/matter etc., aeal with sb/sth

59. to deepfreeze
|di:p'Iri:z|
deepfroze
|di:p'Ircoz|
deepfreezed
|di:p'Iri:zd|
deepfroze
|di:p'Ircozn|
deepfreezed
|di:p'Iri:zd|

a congela. They aeepfro:e the fooa for their picnic.

60.
to dig |dig| dug |d\g| dug |d\g|

a spa. They aug a hole in the sana to hiae the stolen money.
aig a hole for yourself, aig a hole/trench/grave etc., aig aeep,
aig aown, aig for, aig in, aig into sth, aig sb out of trouble/a
mess/a hole etc., aig sth in, aig sth out, aig sth out of, aig sth
up, aig your heels in, aig your own grave

61.
to dive |daiv|

also reg.
dove |dcov|
(Am.E)
dived [daivdj
dived [daivdj

dived [daivdj

a se cuIunda, a plonja (n ap). The rescuer aove into 20 feet
of ice water.
aive in, aive into your bag/pocket etc., aive into/off etc.,
aiving for cover


32

62.
to do |du:| did |did| done |d\n|

a Iace, a svrsi; a nva, a studia (o materie anume); a se
deplasa (despre un autovehicul). All he aia was sit in front of
the television all aay. Helen is currently aoing English ana
French at Oxfora University. The runaway car was speeaing,
aoing seventy-five.
can ao without sth, coula ao with sth, aia ... time, ao 10
miles/20 kms etc., ao as they please, ao as youre tola, ao
away with sb/sth, ao for a living, ao for sb/sth, ao it, ao
lunch/ao a movie etc., ao me, ao nothing for, ao or aie, ao sb
aown, ao sb in, ao sb out of sth, ao sb/sth over, ao
something/nothing/anything etc., ao sth out, ao sth over, ao
sth up, ao the launary/ironing/aishes etc., ao up, ao well by
sb, ao well/baaly, ao with sth, ao without, ao without (sth), ao
wonaers for, ao you gooa, ao your/sbs hair/nails/make-up
etc., ao yourself up, aoes nothing for, aoesnt have anything to
ao with, have something to ao with, have/be to ao with sb/sth,
how (are) you aoing?, how sb/sth is aoing (with/in sth), I cant
be aoing with sth, it wont ao, nothing to ao with, sb aoesnt
ao nice/funny/sensible etc., sb woula ao well to ao sth, that
aoes it', that shoula ao it, thatll ao', think ... aoing, what can
I ao you for?, what has sb aone with sth?, what is sb aoing
with sth?, what is sb/sth aoing?, what sb shoula ao with
sth/what to ao with sth etc., what sb will ao for sth, what to ao
with yourself, whats aoing ...?, will have to ao

63.
to draw |dr5:| drew |dru:| drawn |dr5:n|

a trage (ceva sau pe cineva ntr-o anumit direcie); a desena.
A carriage was arawn by six horses.
be arawn, be arawn against sb, araw (sbs) attention, araw
(sbs) attention to, araw a blank, araw a bow, araw a cheque
(1*/,6+DQG$0(5,&$1,55(*8/$59(5%6,1&217(;7 33
(on sth), araw a comparison/parallel/aistinction etc., araw a
comparison/parallel/aistinction etc between, araw a
conclusion, araw a conclusion from, araw a
gun/swora/weapon etc., araw a line (between sth), araw a line
unaer sth, araw a picture, araw a veil over sth, araw attention
to the fact that, araw attention to yourself, araw back, araw
back from, araw back in horror/shock/fear etc., araw blooa,
araw breath, araw ... crowas, araw in, araw in your horns,
araw level, araw lots/straws, araw near/closer, araw on,
araw on a cigarette/cigar etc., araw on sth, araw on/upon sth,
araw out, araw praise/criticism, araw sb in, araw sb into sth,
araw sb out, araw sb sth, araw sb to sth, araw sbs eye (to
sth), araw sb/sth asiae/up/across etc., araw sth from sb, araw
sth from sth, araw sth off, araw sth out, araw sth out/from sth,
araw sth up, araw the curtains/a blina etc., araw the line (at
sth), araw the short straw, araw to a close/ena, araw to a
halt/stop, araw up, araw up a chair, araw up a list, araw up
plans/proposals, araw with, araw your knees up, araw
yourself up (to your full height), arawing ... pension, where ao
you araw the line?

64. to dream
|dri:m|
also reg.
dreamt
|drcmt|
dreamed |dri:md|
dreamt
|drcmt|
dreamed [dri:md|

a visa, asi nchipui. Who woula have areamt that this woula
happen?
aream (that), aream about, aream of/about (aoing) sth, aream
on, aream sth away, aream sth up, must have areamt it, never
areamea (that), who woula have areamt that ...?, woulant
aream of (aoing) sth


34

65.
to drink |dripk| drank |drpk| drunk |dr\pk|

a bea. They all stooa up ana arank Helens health.
arink ana arive, arink sb unaer the table, arink sbs health,
arink sth in, arink sth up, arink to sth, arink up, arink yourself
silly/into a stupor/to aeath etc., arinking heavily, arinks like a
fish, Ill arink to that', something to arink, What are you
arinking?

66.
to drive |draiv| drove |drcov| driven |'drivn|

a conduce masina, a merge cu masina; a alunga. They arove
for miles without meeting another car. With a few loua
whistles they arove the bear back into the wooas.
arive a coach ana horses through sth, arive a weage between
sb, arive at sth, arive ... home, arive off, arive sb away, arive
sb cra:y/nuts/maa/insane, arive sb cra:y/wila, arive sb off,
arive sb to aistraction/aesperation, arive sb to ao sth, arive sb
to/into sth, arive sb up the wall/out of their mina, arive sb/sth
in, arive sb/sth into sth, arive sb/sth out, arive sth aown, arive
sth home, arive sth into sth, arive sth up, arive the point
home, arive to/aown/off etc., arive yourself, learn to arive,
petrol-ariven/electrically-ariven/battery-ariven etc., what sb is
ariving at

67.
to dwell |dwcI|
also reg.
dwelt [dwcItj
dwelled [dwcIdj
dwelt [dwcItj
dwelled [dwcIdj

a locui; a discuta, a trata (on/upon). The ola woman awelt in
the miaale of the forest. The speaker awelt extensively on the
history of their firm.
(1*/,6+DQG$0(5,&$1,55(*8/$59(5%6,1&217(;7 35
awell on/upon sth

( ( ( (

Indefinite
Infinitive
Past Tense of the
Indicative Mood
Past Participle
68.
to eat |i:t| ate |ct, cit| eaten |i:tn|

a mnca; (inIormal) a Ii deranjat/suprat de ceva. Whats
eating John toaay? To eat humble pie.
a bite to eat, be eaten up with/by fealousy/anger/curiosity etc.,
eat at, eat away at sth/sb, eat healthily, eat humble pie, eat
in, eat into sth, eat like a horse, eat out, eat right, eat sb
alive/eat sb for breakfast, eat sb out of house ana home, eat
sth away, eat sth up, eat up, eat your heart out, eat your
woras, eating habits, have sb eating out of your hana, I coula
eat a horse, I coulant eat another thing, Ill eat my hat, I/we
wont eat you, reaay-to-eat, something to eat, whats eating
sb?, you are what you eat

) ) ) )

Indefinite
Infinitive
Past Tense of the
Indicative Mood
Past Participle
69.
to fall |I5:I| fell [IcIj fallen |'I5:In|

a cdea; a scdea (ca nivel, cantitate, valoare). He fell ana hit
his heaa. Last weekena temperatures fell to 3 aegrees above
:ero.


36
be falling apart, be falling aown, be falling to pieces/bits, fall
about, fall apart, fall away, fall back, fall back into sth, fall
back on sb/sth, fall behina (sb/sth), fall behina (sb/sth)
with/on, fall between two stools, fall by the waysiae, fall
aown, fall aown on, fall flat, fall for sb/sth, fall foul of sb/sth,
fall foul of the law, fall from, fall from a great height, fall
from grace/favour, fall from sbs lips, fall in, fall in behina,
fall in with sb/sth, fall into, fall into a trap/pitfall, fall into
line, fall into place, fall into step, fall into step besiae/with,
fall into step with, fall into sth, fall into the hanas/clutches of
sb, fall into the wrong hanas, fall off, fall off (sth), fall on, fall
on hara/baa times, fall on stony grouna, fall on/upon sb/sth,
fall out, fall out with, fall over, fall over sth, fall over yourself
to ao sth, fall sharply/steeply, fall short of sth, fall through,
fall to, fall to aoing sth, fall to pieces/bits, fall to sb/sth, fall
to/on your knees, fall unaer, fall unaer the control, fall
victim/prey to sth/sb, fall within, fallen behina scheaule,
fallen in love, fallen into the habit of, falling apart at the
seams, falling aown on the fob, falls asleep, fall about
laughing, fall in, fall into conversation, have sb/sth to fall
back on, its as easy as falling off a log, night/aarkness/ausk
falls, sbs eyes/ga:e/glance fall(s) on sth, sbs worla/life falls
apart, silence/a hush/saaness etc falls, slip/stumble/trip etc
ana fall, the stress/accent/beat falls on sth

70.
to feed |Ii:d| fed |Icd| fed |Icd|

a alimenta, a hrni. She only fea her aog aog-biscuits. To feea
paper into a photocopier.
feea an aaaiction/neea etc., feea back, feea back on, feea into
sth, feea lines/fokes to sb, feea off sth, feea on sth, feea sb a
line, feea sb on/with sth, feea sb up, feea sb with sth, feea sth
back (to sb), feea sth into sth, feea sth into/through sth, feea
sth to sb, feea sth to sth, feea sth with sth, feea your face, feea
yourself, well-fea/unaer-fea/poorly-fea
(1*/,6+DQG$0(5,&$1,55(*8/$59(5%6,1&217(;7 37
71.
to feel |Ii:I| felt |IcIt| felt |IcIt|

a simi; a pipi. He felt arouna in the aarkness for the aoor.
feel (that), feel a aeath/a loss etc., feel about, feel
arouna/on/in etc sth (for sth), feel as if/as though, feel
fine/gooa/comfortable etc., feel for sb, feel free, feel free to ao
sth, feel how hara/soft/rough etc sth is, feel like (aoing) sth,
feel sb out, feel sb up, feel sb/sth ao sth, feel
smooth/cola/aamp etc., feel sure/certain, feel the cola/heat,
feel the force/effects/benefits etc of sth, feel the neea to ao sth,
feel ... to be/ao sth, feel up to sth, feel your age, feel your way,
feel your way towaras, feel yourself aoing sth, it (this) feels
like, I know (fust/exactly) how you feel

72.
to fight |Iait| fought |I5:t| fought |I5:t|

a (se) lupta (cu). There were times in the arena when
glaaiators fought to the aeath.
fight (sb) for sth, fight a losing battle, fight about/over, fight
about/over/for, fight against, fight against/with, fight an
election/a campaign, fight back, fight back against, fight fire
with fire, fight for, fight in, fight it out, fight like cat ana aog,
fight sb/sth off, fight shy of (aoing) sth, fight sth back, fight sth
aown, fight sth out, fight to ao sth, fight to the aeath/finish,
fight tooth ana nail (for sth)/fight sth tooth ana nail, fight
with, fight your corner, fight your own battles, fight your way
(through/past etc sb/sth), fighting back ... tears, fighting fit,
fighting for ... life, fighting spirit, fighting ... war, fighting
woras/talk, fought ... way, have a fighting chance


38
73.
to find |Iaind| found |Iaond| found |Iaond|

a gsi, a descoperi, a constata (I fina that .). The aefenaant
was founa guilty by all of the twelve furors.
be founa somewhere, be founa to ao sth, be founa wanting,
fina (that), fina against sb, fina comfort/pleasure/fulfilment
etc in sth, fina fault with sb/sth, fina favour (with sb/sth), fina
for sb, fina in sbs favour, fina it hara/easy/aifficult etc (to ao
sth), fina it in your heart/yourself to ao sth, fina its
mark/target, fina its way somewhere, fina out, fina out (sth),
fina out about sth, fina out (that), fina out for yourself, fina
out from, fina out if/whether, fina out who/what/how etc., fina
sb guilty/not guilty (of sth), fina sb out, fina sb sth, fina sb/sth
aoing sth, fina sb/sth to be sth, fina sth out, fina sth/sb
easy/useful/interesting etc., fina that, fina your feet, fina your
voice, fina your way (somewhere), fina yourself, fina
yourself/your mina etc aoing sth, fina solace in, nowhere to be
founa

74.
to fit |Iit| fitted |'Iitid|
(BrE, AmE)
fit |Iit| (AmE)
fitted |'Iitid|
(BrE, AmE)
fit |Iit| (AmE)

a Iace s corespund, s Iie conIorm, potrivit (cu); (despre
haine) a-l aranja, ai veni bine cuiva; (Ior, to) a potrivi, a
ajusta. The new aoor fit the ola frame perfectly.
be fittea with sth, fit in, fit in with, fit in/into/unaer etc., fit
into sth, fit ... like a glove, fit sb for sth, fit sb with sth, fit
sb/sth out, fit sb/sth out with, fit sb/sth up, fit sb/sth up with,
fit sth in/into sth, fit sth on/to etc sth, fit sth together, fit sth/sb
in, fit the bill, fit together, fit ... well, fit with

(1*/,6+DQG$0(5,&$1,55(*8/$59(5%6,1&217(;7 39
75.
to flee |IIi:| fled |IIcd| fled |IIcd|

a Iugi (n panic). The housebreaker flea when hearing the
police siren.
flee to/from/into, fleeing the country

76.
to fling |IIip| flung |II\p| flung |II\p|

a (se) arunca (cu Ior); a mpinge. The thief flung the stolen
gooas into the river.
fling sb in prison/fail, fling sb/sth out, fling sb/sth out of, fling
sth at sb, fling sth into sth, fling sth off, fling sth open, fling
yourself at sb, fling yourself into sth

77.
to fly |IIai| flew |IIu:| flown |IIcon|

a pilota, a nla (un zmeu); a zbura, a cltori cu avionul. To
fly a kite. The pilot flew the plane to another airport for an
emergency lanaing.
(I) must fly, be flying high, fly a kite, fly at sb, fly away/off/in
etc., fly by the seat of your pants, fly aown/across/out of etc.,
fly from/out of/in etc., fly in the face of sth, fly into a
rage/temper/panic etc., fly off the hanale, fly open/shut, fly sth
into/out of etc sth, fly the coop, fly the flag, fly the nest, fly to,
go fly a kite, going to fly, let fly (sth), let fly (sth) with,
rumours/accusations etc are flying, time flies, time flies by,
time flies when youre having fun


40
78. to floodlight
|'II\dIait|

floodlighted
|'II\dIaitid|
(BrEAmE)
floodlit |'II\dIit|
(AmE)
floodlighted
|'II\dIaitid|
(BrEAmE)
floodlit |'II\dIit|
(AmE)

a ilumina cu un reIlector. Notre Dame cathearal is going to be
flooalit at night.

79. to forbid
|Ic'bid|/I5:'bid|
forbade
|Ic'bd/Ic'bcid|
/I5:'bd/I5:'bcid|
forbad |Ic'bd|
forbidden
|Ic'bidn|
/I5:'bidn|
forbid
|Ic'bid|/I5:'bid|

a interzice. In some muslim countries women are forbiaaen
from going out without a veil.
forbia sb from aoing sth, forbia sb to ao sth, Goa/Heaven
forbia, strictly/expressly/explicitly etc forbia

80. to for(e)bear
|I5:'bcc/Ic'bcc|
forbore
|I5:'b5:/Ic'b5:|
forborne
|I5:'b5:n/Ic'b5:n|

a se abine (de la); a evita (s). He forbore from making any
comments for fear of insulting Patricia.
forbear from, forbear to ao sth

(1*/,6+DQG$0(5,&$1,55(*8/$59(5%6,1&217(;7 41
81. to forecast
|'I5:ko:st|
also reg.
forecast
|'I5:ko:st|
forecasted
|'I5:ko:stid|
forecast
|'I5:ko:st|
forecasted
|'I5:ko:stid|

a prevedea (prezice) vremea. Torrential rain has been forecast
for the following week.

82. to for(e)do
|I5:'du:|
foredid
|I5:'did|
foredone
|I5:'d\n|

(arh.) a omor, a nimici. By the sworas eage his life shall be
foreaone.

83. to for(e)go
|I5:'gco|
forewent
|I5:'wcnt|
foregone
|I5:'gon|

a renuna la. The traae union leaaers have aeciaea to forgo
any salary increase in exchange for improvea working
conaitions.

84. to foreknow
|I5:'kncoj
foreknew
|I5:'njo:j
foreknown
|I5:'knconj

a cunoaste dinainte, a prevedea, a presimi. It is saia that he
foreknows his aeath like a saint.


42
85. to foresee
|I5:'si:j
foresaw
|I5:'s5:j
foreseen
|I5:'si:nj

a prezice. Few polls foresaw such a close presiaential race in
the Romanian 2004 presiaential elections.

86.
to forget |Ic'gct| forgot |Ic'got|
(BrEAmE)
forgat |Ic'gt|
(archaic) (AmE)
forgottenIc'gotn|
(BrEAmE)
forgot |Ic'got|
(Am. E.)

a uita. Im sorry. Ive forgotten your name.
ana aont you forget it, arent you forgetting...?/havent you
forgotten...?, before I forget, clean forget, aont forget, aont
forget (that), aont forget to ao sth, forget (that), forget about,
forget how/what/when/why etc., forget it, forget the whole
thing, forget to ao sth, forget your keys/money/cigarettes etc.,
forget yourself, forget yourself in sth, forget a face

87. to forgive
|Ic'giv|
forgave
|Ic'gciv|
forgiven
|Ic'givn|

a ierta. Youre forgiven, fust this once.
forgive a aebt/loan, forgive ana forget, forgive me, forgive me
for asking/saying etc sth, forgive me for saying so, forgive me,
but., forgive my asking/saying etc., forgive myself/yourself
etc., forgive sb for (aoing) sth, forgive sb sth, Ia never forgive
myself, sb can be forgiven for thinking/believing/feeling etc
sth, youre forgiven

(1*/,6+DQG$0(5,&$1,55(*8/$59(5%6,1&217(;7 43
88. to forerun
|I5:'r\n|
foreran
|I5:'rn|
forerun
|I5:'r\n|

(poetic/literar) a preceda, a anticipa, a prevesti. Deafening
peals of thunaer foreran the hellish storm to come.

89. to forsake
|Ic'scikj
/|I5:'scik|
forsook
|Ic'sok|
/|I5:'sok|
forsaken
|Ic'sciknj
/|I5:'scikn|

(lit.) a prsi (pe cineva), a renuna (la). Goa will never
forsake you. A goa forsaken place.

90. forswear
|I5:'swcc|
forswore
|I5:'sw5:|
forsworn
|I5:'sw5:n|

a abjura, a repudia, a jura Ials (a jura strmb, a depune
mrturie mincinoas). It is currently fashionable to forswear
meat-eating in the interest of animal rights. I swore that I
woula leaa us safely home ana I ao not mean to be forsworn.

91. to foretell
|I5:'tcII|
foretold
|I5:'tcoId|
foretold
|I5:'tcoId|

a prezice. The fortune-teller foretola the mans aeath.

92.
to freeze |Iri:z| froze |'Ircoz| frozen |'Ircozn|

a nghea, a nceta orice miscare. In olaer times people fro:e
their meat in ice-fillea unaergrouna holes. Free:e' the

44
policeman shoutea, while pointing the gun at the suspect.
free:e over, free:e sb out, free:e up, free:e with, free:e to
aeath, free:e with horror, sbs blooa free:es

* * * *

Indefinite
Infinitive
Past Tense of the
Indicative Mood
Past Participle
93. to gainsay
|gcin'sci|
gainsaid
|gcin'scd|
gainsaid
|gcin'scd|

a spune c ceva nu este adevrat, a contrazice pe cineva, a
nega. He was so bossy that no one aarea to gainsay him.

94.
to get |gct| got |got|
(BrEAmE)

got |got|
(BrEAmE)
gotten |gotn|
(AmE)

a cpta, a procura, a obine. Ill gotten gains, I have gotten
(got) all that I ever hopea for.
be getting at sth, be getting on, be got up as/in sth,
cant/coulant get over sth, get (sb) off, get (sb)
somewhere/anywhere/nowhere, get (sb) through sth, get (sb)
up, get (sb/sth) through (sth), get (sb/sth) through (sth) to, get
(sth) through (sth), get (sth) through to sb, get a gooa price
for, get about, get across, get across to, get aheaa, get along,
get along with, get along without, get arouna, get arouna
(sth), get arouna sth, get arouna to aoing sth, get arouna to
sth, get at sb/sth, get away, get away from, get away from it
all, get away from sb/sth, get away to, get away with, get
away with muraer, get away with sth, get away', get back, get
(1*/,6+DQG$0(5,&$1,55(*8/$59(5%6,1&217(;7 45
back at sb, get back into, get back to, get back to normal, get
back to sb, get back to sleep, get back together, get behina,
get behina sb, get behina with, get by, get by on, get ... cheap,
get aoing sth, get aown, get aown to aoing sth, get aown to
sth, get hurt/broken/stolen etc., get in, get in on sth, get in on
the act, get in to, get in with sb, get into sth, get it, get it on,
get it through to ... that, get it together, get it up, get off, get
off (sth), get off (sth/sb), get off on sth, get off sth, get off to a
gooa/baa etc start, get off to sleep, get off with, get off with
sb, get off work, get off your butt/ass, get on, get on with, get
on with it', get on without, get onto sb/sth, get out, get out of,
get out of aoing sth, get out of sth, get over, get over sth, get
pleasure from/out of sth, get rouna, get rouna sb, get rouna
sth, get rouna to aoing sth, get rouna to sth, get sb back, get
sb back for, get sb aoing sth, get sb aown, get sb in, get sb
off, get sb out, get sb out of, get sb sth, get sb to ao sth, get sb
together, get sb/sth from sth, get sth across, get sth back, get
sth caught/stuck etc., get sth aoing sth, get sth aown, get sth
aown (sb), get sth for $20/100/50p etc., get sth for sb, get sth
from sb, get sth from sth, get sth in, get sth off, get sth off sb,
get sth off to, get sth on, get sth out, get sth out of aoing sth,
get sth out of sb, get sth out of sth, get sth over, get sth over
to, get sth to ao sth, get sth together, get this, get through, get
through sth, get through to, get to, get to be sth, get to ao sth,
get to like/know/unaerstana sb/sth, get to sb/sth, get to
thinking/wonaering sth, get together, get up, get up to sth, get
what/how/who etc., get yourself sth, get yourself together, go
ana get, got ... free, got to ... feet, I must/Ia better be getting
along, it/what gets me, let sb get on with it, tell sb where to
get off, the one that got away, there is no getting away from,
whats got into sb?, you get sth, youve got me (there)

95.
to gild |giId|
gilt |giIt|(arch.)
gilded |'giIdid|
gilt |giIt|(arch.)
gilded |'giIdid|
Note: gilt survives in contemporary English as a participial
adjective: a gilt frame/chair, gilt lettering, See also: a gilt-eagea
promise (a reliable one), a gilt-eagea mirror.

46
a auri, a suIla cu aur; (Iig.) a mpodobi, a nIrumusea; to gila
the pill a ndulci hapul; to gila the lily - to spoil something
by trying to improve it when it is already good enough.

96.
to gird |ga:d| girt |ga:t|
girded |'ga:did|
girt |ga:t|
girded |'ga:did|

a ncinge, a strnge (cu o curea etc.); a nconjura. The young
nobleman was girt with the belt of knighthooa. The mountains
giraing the Transylvanian plateau.
gira (up) your loins, gira (yourself) for sth

97.
to give |giv| gave |gciv| given |'givn|

a da; (Iig.) a dona. Before he aiea, he gave all his money to
charity. John was given a 10,000 grant to continue his
research.
be given over to sth, aont give me that, give ... example, give
... permission, give the game away, give (sb) a hana, give (sb)
a hana with, give (sb) an impression/a sense/an iaea, give ... a
chance, give a performance/aisplay, give a
smile/laugh/grin/frown/yawn etc., give a talk/speech/lecture,
give a wave/movement/signal, give ... aavice, give an
account/aescription, give ana take, give as gooa as you get,
give ... airections, give eviaence, give in, give in ... notice,
give in to, give in to sth, give it to sb straight, give me sth (any
aay/time), give of sth, give off sth, give onto sth, give or take a
few minutes/a penny/a mile etc., give oraers/instructions, give
out, give out sth, give over, give over aoing sth, give sb 6
months/3 years etc., give sb a call/bu::, give sb a fine/a
sentence, give sb a heaaache/hangover, give sb
control/authority/responsibility etc., give sb
(1*/,6+DQG$0(5,&$1,55(*8/$59(5%6,1&217(;7 47
loyalty/obeaience/respect, give sb
problems/trouble/aifficulties, give sb sth, give sb sth back,
give sb sth for sth, give sb time/a few weeks/all aay etc., give
sb to unaerstana/think/believe sth, give sb up, give sb up for
aeaa/lost etc., give sb what for, give sb work/homework etc.,
give sb/sth away, give sb/sth away to, give sb/sth sth, give sth
a shake/rattle/tug etc., give sth a try/shot/whirl, give sth back,
give sth back to sb, give sth in, give sth in to, give sth out,
give sth out to, give sth over to sb/sth, give sth
thought/attention/consiaeration etc., give sth to sb, give sth
up, give sth/sb up, give sth/sb up to, give the game away, give
to charity, give up, give up aoing sth, give up ... easily, give
up on sb/sth, give up sth, give yourself away, give yourself
over to sth, give yourself up to sth, give yourself/sb up, give
yourself/sb up to, given ... confiaence, giving a ... party,
giving ... veraict, I give you the chairman/prime
minister/groom etc., Ill give you that, not give a aamn/shit
etc., not give sth a secona thought/another thought, please
give generously, give anything/a lot/your right arm etc for sth

98.
to go |gco| went |wcnt| gone |gon|

a merge, a se deplasa. The car was going much too fast.
as sb/sth goes, as the aays/weeks/years go by, as time goes by,
be going, be going on (for) 5 oclock/60/25 etc., be going to
ao sth, be/get going, cant go on like this, aont even go there,
aont go aoing sth, aont go there, enough/plenty to go
arouna, get ... going, get going, get going on, go about, go
about aoing sth, go about sth, go after sth/sb, go against
sb/sth, go against the grain, go aheaa, go aheaa ana ao sth,
go aheaa of, go aheaa with, go all out, go all out for, go all
out to ao sth, go along, go along to, go along with sb/sth, go
along with you', go ana ao sth, go arouna, go arouna (sth),
go arouna aoing sth, go arouna in your heaa, go arouna with
sb/go arouna together, go at sth/sb, go away, go away for, go
away on, go away to, go back, go back a long way, go back

48
for, go back on sth, go back on your wora/promise/aecision,
go back to, go back to aoing sth, go back to sth, go back
to/into/insiae etc., go baa/sour etc., go before, go before
sb/sth, go beyona sth, go by, go by bus/train/car etc., go by
sth, go by/through/to etc., go aown, go aown as, go aown by,
go aown by 10/250/$900 etc., go aown in history, go aown
on sb, go aown the shops/club/park etc., go aown to, go aown
well/baaly/a treat etc., go aown with sth, go
flying/laughing/rushing etc., go for a walk/swim etc., go for it,
go for sb/sth, go for/at, go grey/white etc., go home, go
hungry, go in, go in for sth, go in with sb, go in/unaer/insiae
etc., go into aetails, go into aoing sth, go into sth, go
maa/aeaf/bala etc., go off, go off aoing sth, go off on sb, go
off sb/sth, go off to, go off to ao sth, go off well/baaly etc., go
off with sth/sb, go on, go on a trip/tour/cruise etc., go on
about, go on at, go on at sb about sth, go on at sb to ao sth,
go on aoing sth, go on sth, go on to, go on to ao sth, go on
with, go out, go out ana ao sth, go out aoing sth, go out for,
go out to, go out to ao sth, go out together, go out with, go
over, go over sth, go over to sth, go over well, go right aheaa,
go rouna, go shopping/swimming/skiing etc., go through, go
through (sth), go through sth, go through with sth, go to, go
to sb/sth, go to school/church/work etc., go to
show/prove/inaicate etc sth, go together, go towaras aoing
sth, go towaras sth, go unanswerea/unnoticea/unrewaraea
etc., go unaer, go up, go up by 10/250/900 etc., go up
from, go up from sth to sth, go up to, go well/smoothly/fine
etc., go wila/maa/white etc with sth, go with, go with aoing
sth, go with sb/sth, go without, go without (sth), going about
their business, going into business, going spare, going the
same way, going, going, gone', gone off to sleep, haa gone by
the book, haraly a aay/week/month etc goes by, have gone
ana aone sth, have nothing/not much/a lot etc going for
sb/sth, how are things going?/hows it going?/how goes it?, in
aays/times/years etc gone by, it goes without saying (that), it
fust goes to show, the same goes for sb/sth, the story goes
that, the way things are going, theres no going back,
there/bang goes sth, to be going on with/to go on with, to go,
go aown a treat, go aown like a leaa balloon, go on ana on,
(1*/,6+DQG$0(5,&$1,55(*8/$59(5%6,1&217(;7 49
what goes arouna comes arouna, where aoes sb/sth go from
here?, your heart/thoughts go out to sb

99.
to grave |grciv|
also reg.
graved |grcivd|
graved |grcivd|
graven |'grcivn|
graved |grcivd|

(arh. in Br.E) a grava, a sculpta (o inscripie, imagine pe o
supraIa); (poetic, lit.) a ntipri (ceva) n minte. Dear
memories of times past graven on my memory.

100. to grind
|graind|
ground
|graond|
ground
|graond|

a mcina, a ascui. Freshly grouna coffee. The lenses are
grouna to a high stanaara of precision.
freshly grouna, grina against/together, grina on, grina sb
aown, grina sth into sth, grina sth out, grina to a halt, grina
your teeth

101.
to grip |grip| gript |gript|
(esp. AmE)
gripped |gript|
(BrEAm.E)
gript |gript|
(esp. AmE)
gripped |gript|
(BrEAm.E)

a apuca strns; a strnge, a prinde. Davia suaaenly grippea my
arm ana pullea me away from the roaa. He grippea the
steering wheel firmly as he spea up to get on the freeway.
grip sth tightly/firmly


50
102.
to grow |grco| grew |gru:| grown |grcon|

a creste (n cantitate, mrime, numr, Ior), a cultiva (plante);
(despre oameni, animale) a creste, a se maturiza. Sales of
Romanian cara grew by 30 last year. The growing season is
from March to September. Tom grew ten centimetres in one
year.
grow a beara/moustache, grow apart, grow as, grow by,
grow from/to, grow in, grow into sb/sth, grow ... long, grow
on sb, grow out, grow out of sth, grow
rapialy/slowly/steaaily, grow sth out, grow taller, grow to
like/hate/respect etc., grow up, grow wila, growing season,
it/money aoesnt grow on trees

+ + + +

Indefinite
Infinitive
Past Tense of the
Indicative Mood
Past Participle
103. to hamstring
|'hmstrip|
hamstrung
|'hmstr\p|
hamstrung
|'hmstr\p|

a tia tendoanele; (Iig.) a pune piedici, a diminua eIiciena
(cuiva sau a ceva). Excessive taxation tenas to hamstring
honest tax paying.

104.
to hang |hp|
(as a regular
verb)
hung |h\p|
hanged |hpd|
hung |h\p|
hanged |hpd|

a atrna; a spnzura. The Forest of the Hangea (Liviu
Rebreanu)

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be hangea for sth, be hung with sth, hang (on) in there, hang
a right/left, hang about, hang about (sth), hang about with sb,
hang about', hang arouna with sb, hang arouna/rouna (sth),
hang back, hang by a threaa, hang fire, hang in the balance,
hang it (all), hang on, hang on sbs woras/every wora, hang
on sth, hang on to, hang on to sth, hang on', hang open, hang
out, Hang ... out to ary, hang out with, hang over sth/sb, hang
sth, hang sth out, hang sth up, hang together, hang up, hang
up on, hang up your hat/football boots/briefcase etc., hang
with, hang your heaa, hang yourself, Ill be hangea if., leave
sth hanging in the air, let it all hang out

105.
to have |hv| had |hd| had |hd|

a avea, a poseda; (cu pasivul n principal oral) a Ii nselat.
When taking a close look at the painting, the art collector
reali:ea that he haa been haa. It was a fake.
be having sb on, can/coula/may I have, have (got) it in for sb,
have (got) nothing on sb/sth, have (got) sb in, have (got) sb
with you, have (got) sth against sb/sth, have (got) sth on, have
(got) sth on sb, have (got) sth/sb (all) to yourself, have (got)
the TJ/raaio/washing machine etc on, have a gooa/terrible etc
time, have a look/walk/sleep/talk/think etc., have aone with
sth, have it in you, have it off/away with sb, have it out (with
sb), have lunch/a meal etc., have nothing against, have on,
have sb ao sth, have sb aoing sth, have sb laughing/crying
etc., have sb over, have sb up, have sb up for sth, have sth
aoing sth, have sth from sb, have sth in it/them, have sth
on/with you, have sth open/closea/on etc., have sth out, have
sth reaay/aone/finishea etc., have sth stolen/broken/taken etc.,
have sth to ao, have time (to ao sth), have your hair cut/your
house paintea etc., rumour/legena/wora has it, sb haa (got) it
coming, sb has been haa, sb/sth has haa it, wont/cant have
sb aoing sth, wont/cant have sth


52
106.
to hear |hic| heard |ha:d| heard |ha:d|

a auzi. Suaaenly we heara a knock at the aoor. Weve heara
such a lot about you from our aaughter.
(ao) you hear?, be heara to ao sth, be hearing things, be
pleasea to hear, have heara of sb/sth, have you heara the one
about, hear (that), hear about, hear anything/much of sb/sth,
hear from sb, hear of, hear sb ao sth, hear sb out, hear sb/sth
aoing sth, hear what, hear what/how/who etc., hear what/who
etc., hear' hear', I hear what you say/what youre saying,
hear that one before, I/he etc will never hear the ena of it, last
heara of, look forwara to hearing from you, not hear the last
of sb, now hear this', so I hear/so Ive heara, the first ... heara
of, wont/woulant hear of it, you cant hear yourself think, you
coula hear a pin arop

107.
to heave |hi:v|

also reg.
hove |hcov|
(esp. nautical)
heaved |hi:vd|
hove |hcov|
(esp. nautical)
heaved |hi:vd|

a ridica, a slta cu eIort; a impinge; a ncrca (to heave coal
a ncrca crbuni); (Iig.) a scoate (un suspin, un geamt). The
ship hove to (stoppea). To heave a sigh. Rebecca hove a sigh
of relief.
heave a sigh, heave in sight/into view, heave on/at, heave
sb/sth out of/into/onto etc sth, heave to, heave a sigh of relief

108.
to hew |hju:|
also reg.
hewed |hju:d|
hewed |hju:d|
hewn |hju:n|
hewed |hju:d|

a ciopli (lemn sau piatr). Logs are usually hewn with an axe.
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109.
to hide |haid| hid |hid|

hidden |'hidn|
hid |hid| (AmE)

a (se) ascunde. Accoraing to the police a kilo of heroin was
founa hiaaen insiae the lining of the suitcase.
hiae from sb, hiae in/unaer/behina etc., hiae sb from sb, hiae
sth from sb, hiae sth in/unaer/behina etc., hiae sth/sb from sb,
hiae the fact, hiae your
aisappointment/embarrassment/confusion etc.

110.
to hit |hit| hit |hit| hit |hit|

a (se) lovi (si Iig.). Mr Smith hit his heaa when falling aown
the stairs. The Floriaa coast is hit by tornaaos almost every
year.
baaly hit, be baaly/severely/hara hit, hit a (brick) wall, hit a
peak/an all-time high etc., hit a snag/problems/a baa patch
etc., hit back, hit back at, hit back by aoing sth, hit back with,
hit home, hit it off (with sb), hit on sb/sth, hit on the iaea of,
hit out, hit out at sb/sth, hit rock-bottom/an all-time low etc.,
hit sb up for sth, hit sb when they are aown, hit sb where it
hurts, hit sb with sth, hit sb/sth with sth, hit sth on/against sth,
hit ... target, hit the big time, hit the bottle, hit the
buffers/skias, hit the airt/the aeck, hit the grouna running, hit
the heaalines, hit the fackpot, hit the ... mark, hit the nail on
the heaa, hit the roaa/trail, hit the roof/ceiling, hit the sack,
hit the shops/streets, hit the spot, hit town, it hit ... that, the
worst hit


54
111.
to hold |hcoId| held |hcId| held |hcId|

a ine, a conine. They hela the meeting in the absence of the
chairman of the boara of airectors. This barrel holas 250
litres.
be hela over, be hela to be sth, be wiaely/generally/commonly
hela, can hola your arink/liquor/alcohol etc., hela out ...
hana, hela steaay, hela talks with, hela up as a moael, hola
(little) interest/appeal/promise etc., hola (sb) back, hola
(your) fire, hola a conversation, hola all the caras, hola back,
hola back ... tears, hola court, hola aown a fob, hola fast (to
sth), hola forth, hola forth on, hola hanas, hola it', hola off,
hola off (on) aoing sth, hola office, hola on, hola on tight,
hola on to, hola on to sb/sth, hola out, hola out against, hola
out for sth, hola out on sb, hola out sth, hola out the
prospect/promise of sth, hola ... personally responsible, hola
sb close/tightly, hola sb incommunicaao, hola sb off, hola sb
prisoner/hostage/captive, hola sb
responsible/accountable/liable (for sth), hola sb to sth, hola
sbs interest/attention, hola sb/sth back, hola sb/sth aown,
hola sb/sth up, hola sb/sth up as sth, hola sth against sb, hola
sth back, hola sth in place/position, hola sth in your
hana/arms, hola sth open, hola sth open/up etc., hola sth
out/up etc., hola sth over, hola sth over sb, hola sth together,
hola sth up, hola sth/sb aear, hola sway, hola that, hola the
fort, hola the leaa/aavantage, hola the line, hola the
post/position/office etc (of sth), hola the roaa, hola to sth,
hola together, hola true/gooa, hola up, hola up sth, hola with
sth, hola your breath, hola your heaa up, hola your horses',
hola your own (against sb), hola your tongue, hola the recora
for, theres no holaing sb (back), weather/luck holas (out),
what the future holas

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112. to housebreak
|'haosbrcik|
housebroke
|'haosbrcok|
housebroken
|'haosbrcok(c)n|

1. (Am.E) a instrui un animal de cas s-si Iac nevoile aIar
sau ntr-un loc anume. 2. a intra prin eIracie. Helen
housebroke her aog ever since it was a little pet. The thief was
accusea to have housebroken hos best frienas apartment.

113.
to hurt |ha:t| hurt |ha:t| hurt |ha:t|

a rni, a jigni; a te durea. Emma hurt her back when she fell off
her horse. Joe, be more gentle with the aog or youll hurt him'
Several people were seriously/baaly hurt in the explosion. I
aiant mean to hurt your feelings.
be hurting, be hurting for, hurt ... feelings, hurt like hell, hurt
your arm/leg/nose etc., hurt yourself, it hurts (sb) to ao sth, it
wont/aoesnt hurt (sb) to ao sth, sth wont/aoesnt hurt

, , , ,

Indefinite
Infinitive
Past Tense of the
Indicative Mood
Past Participle
114. to inbreed
|in'bri:d|
inbred
|in'brcd|
inbred
|in'brcd|

(AmE) (biol.) a consangviniza, a ncrucisa rude de snge. At
the time his book was meant to have inbrea in a great people
the seeas of virtue John Milton.


56
115.
to inlay |in'Ici| inlaid |in'Icid| inlaid |in'Icid|

(with) a ncrusta, a cptusi (cu lemn, metal, etc.), a acoperi cu
ncrustaii, mozaic; a lucra n mozaic; (legtorie) a a insera, a
introduce (ilustraii). The mahogany panelling of the castle
was inlaia with rosewooa.

116.
to input |'inpot|
also reg.
input |'inpot|
inputted
|'inpotid|
input |'inpot|
inputted
|'inpotid|

a introduce inIormaii/date ntr-un computer. The information
was input to our computer system. The user inputs the aata,
ana the computer stores it in its memory.
be input to sth

117.
to inset |in'sct|
also reg.
inset |in'sct|
insetted |in'sctid|
inset |in'sct|
insetted |in'sctid|

a insera ceva (anun, IotograIie) ntr-o pagin tiprit; a insera
mici pietre preioase, buci de sticl, etc. n supraIaa unui
obiect ca decoraie. It is easier to inset after typing than
before. The frame of the Jenetian glass was inset with
precious stones.
inset sth into sth, inset sth with sth

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118. to interbreed
|intc'bri:d|
interbred
|intc'brcd|
interbred
|intc'brcd|

a (se) ncrucisa (despre rase). Accoraing to scientists, fish of
aifferent shape are alreaay reluctant to interbreea.

119. to interlay
|intc'Ici|
interlaid
|intc'Icid|
interlaid
|intc'Icid|

a pune ntre, a interpune; a intercala. The strips of granite are
often interlaia with creamy Sarainian sarao.

120. to interweave
|intc'wi:v|
interwove
|intc'wcov|
interwoven
|intc'wcovn|

a ntreese, a Iace s se ntreeas; a mpleti laolalt (cu); a
amesteca (cu) (si Iig.). The two themes are inextricably
interwoven.
be interwoven with sth, closely/inextricably/tightly etc
interwoven

. . . .

Indefinite
Infinitive
Past Tense of the
Indicative Mood
Past Participle
121.
to keep |ki:p| kept |kcpt| kept |kcpt|

a pstra, a ine. The aoctor kept us waiting for an hour.


58
be kept to a minimum, how are you keeping?, itll keep, keep
(on) aoing sth, keep (sb) going, keep (sb) off sth, keep (sb) out
of sth, keep (sb/sth) away/back/off/out etc., keep (sb/sth) from
sth, keep (sb/sth) warm/safe/ary etc, keep (sth) going, keep
(yourself) from aoing sth, keep a recora/account/aiary etc.,
keep a secret, keep ... appointments, keep at sth, keep back,
keep back the tears, keep calm/awake/sane etc., keep fit, keep
... from harm, keep from sth, keep goal/wicket, keep going,
keep guara/watch, keep ... in suspense, keep in with sb, keep it
aown, keep left/right, keep off, keep off sth, keep on, keep on
about, keep on ana on, keep on at, keep on aoing sth, keep
quiet, keep sb at sth, keep sb back, keep sb
busy/amusea/occupiea, keep sb from (aoing) sth, keep sb
going, keep sb in, keep sb in sth, keep sb on, keep sb up, keep
sb waiting, keep sb/sth aoing sth, keep sb/sth aown, keep ...
secret, keep sth back, keep sth clean/tiay, keep sth from aoing
sth, keep sth from sb, keep sth off, keep sth off sth, keep sth
quiet/keep quiet (about sth), keep sth to sth, keep sth to
yourself, keep sth up, keep still, keep to sth, keep to the
point/subfect etc., keep to yourself, keep up, keep up
appearances, keep up the gooa work', keep up with, keep up
with sb, keep up with the Joneses, keep your hair/shirt on',
keep your hanas off sb/sth, keep your spirits/strength/morale
etc up, keep ones voice aown, keep ones wora/promise, sb
can keep sth, sorry to keep you waiting

122.
to kneel |ni:I|
also reg.
(esp. AmE)
knelt |ncIt|
kneeled |ni:Id|
knelt |ncIt|
kneeled |ni:Id|

a ngenunchia. George knelt aown ana gave little Jane a hug.
kneel on

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123.
to knit |nit|
also reg.
knit |nit|
knitted ['nitidj
knit |nit|
knitted ['nitidj

a mpleti, a tricota; a (se) uni: Disparate regions knit together
unaer the new king, a closely knit family.
closely/tightly etc knit, knit sb sth, knit together, knit ones
brows

124.
to know |nco| knew |nju:| known |ncon|

a sti, a cunoaste, a Ii sigur. Noboay knew who the newcomer
was. Helen knew it was John before she answerea the aoor.
(ao) you know what/something?, (ao/if) you know what I
mean?, (well) what ao you know?, ana you know it, as far as I
know, as we know it, as you/we know, be known to ao sth, be
not to know, before you know it, commonly known as, aont
know the first thing about, for all I know, getting to know,
Heaven/Goa/who/gooaness knows', how shoula I know?/how
am I to know?/how ao I know?, how was I to know?/how aia I
know?, I aont know about you but ., I know what you mean,
I ought to know, I woulant know, Ive known sb/sth to ao sth,
if you know whats gooa for you, If you must know, to be best
known for, know better than to, know from experience, know
nothing of, know (something/nothing etc) about sth, know
(something/nothing etc) of sth, know (that), know a
song/tune/poem etc, know about, know all about, know better,
know ... by sight, know aifferent/otherwise, know
exactly/precisely, know for sure, know how to ao sth, know
how/what/why etc., know if/whether, know ... like the back of
my hana, know me from Aaam, know no bounas, know
perfectly well/full well/only too well, know sb as sth, know sb
for sth, know sb from sth, know sb/sth as sth, know sb/sth by
sth, know sb/sth to be sth, know sth from sth, know sth insiae

60
out, know the score, know the way, know to ao sth, know ...
well, know what ... are talking about, know what ... aoing,
know what/how/where etc., know what/why/how etc., know
your fob/subfect/stuff, know your own mina, know your place,
know your way arouna sth, knowing (that), knowing my luck,
know a thing or two, know the ropes, let it be known/make it
known (that), make yourself known (to sb), not know any
better, not know what hit you, sb knows best, sb will never
know/no one will ever know, sb/sth is not known to be sth,
shoula have known, shoula know better, theres no knowing

/ / / /

Indefinite
Infinitive
Past Tense of the
Indicative Mood
Past Participle
125.
to lade |Icid|

laded |'Icidid| laden|'Icidn|
(AmE)
Not: In BrE mostly as a participial adjective laaen (Iig. si
concret) mpovrat, ncrcat cu, plin de.

a ncrca (cu marI) un mijloc de transport (vapor, etc.); (Iig. -
n special la pasiv) mpovrat. Trees laaen with fruit. Laaen
with too many responsibilities.
aebt-laaen, fully/heavily laaen, laaen with, snow-laaen

126.
to lay |Ici| laid [Icidj laid [Icidj

a aseza; a oua. Helen laia the table in the aining room. Newly
laia eggs.
be laia up (with sth), get laia, laia ... open to charges of, lay
the founaations of, lay a hana/finger on sb, lay about sb, lay
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about sb with, lay bare/open sth, lay
bricks/carpet/concrete/cables etc., lay claim to (aoing) sth,
lay aown ... arms, lay aown that, lay aown the law, lay aown
your life, lay aown your life for, lay ... eggs, lay
emphasis/stress on sth, lay ... flat, lay into sb/sth, lay it on
(thick), lay it on the line, lay money (that), lay off, lay off (sb),
lay off (sth), lay off aoing sth, lay out sth on sth, lay over, lay
plans/a trap etc., lay sb low, lay sb low with, lay sb off, lay sb
to rest, lay sb/sth on the line, lay sb/sth open to sth, lay sb/sth
out, lay siege to sb/sth, lay sth asiae, lay sth at the aoor of
sb/sth, lay sth aown, lay sth in, lay sth off, lay sth off to sb,
lay sth on, lay sth on sb, lay sth on sth, lay sth up, lay the
founaations/grounawork/base, lay the
founaations/grounawork/base for, lay the ghost (of sth), lay
up, lay waste sth, lay yourself open to sth, laying the table,
the best-laia plans

127.
to lead (to) |Ii:d| led |Icd| led |Icd|

a conduce (oameni), a duce (la). The narrow path finally lea
us to the chalet.
born to leaa, leaa a aouble life, leaa a life of luxury/poverty
etc., leaa a normal/quiet/busy etc life, leaa a
revolt/rebellion/coup etc., leaa an attack/assault, leaa an
investigation/inquiry/campaign, leaa by example, leaa by ten
points/two goals etc., leaa ... existence, leaa from/out of, leaa
into, leaa nowhere/not leaa anywhere, leaa off, leaa off (sth),
leaa off from sth, leaa off with, leaa on to sth, leaa sb a merry
ola aance/a right ola aance, leaa sb astray, leaa sb
away/aown etc., leaa sb by the nose, leaa sb into sth, leaa sb
on, leaa sb to believe/expect/unaerstana sth, leaa sb to ao sth,
leaa sb to/into etc sth, leaa sb to/into sth, leaa sb up the
garaen path, leaa sth off, leaa the country, leaa the eye, leaa
the life of a., leaa the way, leaa the worla/market/pack/fiela,
leaa to, leaa to sb aoing sth, leaa to/towaras, leaa up to sth,
leaa with sth, leaa a charmea life, leaa ... into trouble, leaa

62
the way, leaa to safety, leaa ... to the conclusion, leaa ... to
victory, market-lea/export-lea etc., sb has their own life to
leaa, this/that leaas (me) to sth

128.
to lean |Ii:n|
(against, on,
upon)
also reg.
leant
|Icnt| (esp. BrE)

leaned |Ii:nd|
leant
|Icnt| (esp. BrE)

leaned |Ii:nd|

a (se) apleca, a (se) nclina. He leant back in his chair.
lean (sth) against/on sth, lean against/on, lean
forwara/back/over etc., lean on sb, lean towaras sth

129.
to leap |Ii:p|

also reg.
leapt |Icpt|
(esp. BrE)
leaped |Ii:pt|
(esp. AmE)
leapt |Icpt|
(esp. BrE)
leaped |Ii:pt|
(esp. AmE)

a sri. John leapt to his feet. Look before you leap (act
cautiously).
leap at the chance/opportunity, leap out at sb, leap to, leap to
sbs aefence, leapt to ... feet

130.
to learn |Ia:n|

also reg.
learnt |Ia:nt|
(esp. BrE)
learned |Ia:nd|
learnt |Ia:nt|
(esp. BrE)
learned |Ia:nd|
learned |'Ia:nid|
(adj.)

a nva; a aIla. Unfortunately it was too late when Helen
(1*/,6+DQG$0(5,&$1,55(*8/$59(5%6,1&217(;7 63
learnt the truth. He was a very learnea man.
learn (how) to ao sth, learn sth by heart, learn (sth) from sb,
learn (sth) the hara way, learn (that), learn about, learn
from, learn from experience, learn from ... mistakes, learn
of/about, learn to ao sth, learn what, learn whether/who/why,
thatll learn sb'

131. to leave (for)
|Ii:v|
left
|IcIt|
left
|IcIt|

a pleca, a prsi; a porni (spre). They left in a hurry for the
countrysiae.
be left, be left over, be/feel left out, leave (sb/sth) to ao sth,
leave (sth/sb) soon/now/later etc., leave (sth/sb) to ao sth,
leave a fob/country/Spain etc., leave a lot/something/much to
be aesirea, leave a mark/stain/scar etc., leave a space/gap
etc., leave a wife/chilaren etc., leave at, leave aoing sth to sb,
leave for, leave ... for now, leave go/hola of sth, leave
home/school/college etc., leave it (up) to sb to ao sth, leave it
at that, leave it out', leave it to sb (to ao sth), leave ... lying
about, leave off, leave off aoing sth, leave room, leave sb
aoing sth, leave sb for aeaa, leave sb for sb, leave sb in
peace, leave sb sth, leave sb to ao sth, leave sb to sth, leave
sb with no choice/option, leave sb with sth, leave sb/sth alone,
leave sb/sth be, leave sb/sth behina, leave sb/sth off (sth),
leave sb/sth out, leave sb/sth out of sth, leave sb/sth stanaing,
leave sth asiae/to one siae, leave sth aoing sth, leave sth for
sb, leave sth on/off/out etc., leave sth open/empty/untiay etc.,
leave sth to ao sth, leave sth to sb, leave sth to sb/sth, leave
sth until the last minute/until last, leave sth with sb, leave
sth/sb in/with/behina etc., leave the past behina, leave ... to
chance, leave ... to it, leave ... until the last minute, leaves
office, leaving a trail, leaving asiae, leaving ... to charity,
leaving ... untouchea, take up/pick up/continue (sth) etc where
sb left off

64
132.
to lend |Icnd| lent |Icnt| lent |Icnt|

a da cu mprumut, a aduga; a se preta. Money lent is money
spent. (English saying) The presence of royalty lent aignity to
the festivities.
lena (sb) a hana, lena (your) support (to sth), lena an ear,
lena itself to sth, lena sb sth, lena sth to sb, lena sth to sth,
lena weight/support to sth, lena your name to sth

133.
to let |Ict| let |Ict| let |Ict|

a lsa, a permite, a da cu chirie. Hes let his cottage to some
people from Lonaon.
(not) let sb/sth ao sth, let alone, let aown baaly, let go, let go
of, let him/her/them etc., let me think, let on, let on (that), let
on who/why/how etc., let out, let out a scream/cry/roar etc.,
let out sth, let sb ao sth, let sb aown lightly/gently, let sb go,
let sb have it, let sb have sth, let sb in on sth, let sb off (sth),
let sb off lightly/easily, let sb off the hook, let sb sth, let sb/sth
ao sth, let sb/sth aown, let sb/sth into sth, let sb/sth off, let
sb/sth off with, let slip, let slip that, let sth be/equal/represent
sth, let sth arop/rest/lie, let sth go, let sth off, let sth out, let
sth out to sb, let sth to sb, let the gooa times roll, let the siae
aown, let up, let your guara/aefences aown, let your hair
aown, let yourself be beaten/persuaaea/foolea etc., let
yourself go, let yourself in for sth, lets ao sth, lets face it/lets
be honest, lets hope (that), lets fust say (that), never let a
aay/week/year etc go by without aoing sth

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134. to lie (down)
|Iai|
lay
|Ici|
lain
|Icin|

a sta ntins/ culcat, a se culca. The mechanic was lying on his
back unaerneath my car. The cat fust loves to lie in front of the
fire. She lay back in the aentists chair ana triea to relax.
fault/blame/responsibility lies with sb, herein/therein lies the
problem/ailemma etc, lay in ruins, lay in store, leave ... lying
arouna, lie (in) secona/thira/fourth etc (place), lie aheaa, lie
arouna, lie arouna (sth), lie at the heart/centre/root of sth, lie
back, lie before, lie behina sth, lie aown, lie
empty/open/hiaaen etc., lie heavy on sb, lie in, lie in state, lie
in wait (for sb), lie low, lie on, lie on/in etc., lie still/awake
etc., lie there, lie up, lies in the fact that ., take sth lying
aown, the problem/answer etc lies with/in sth

135.
to light |Iait|
also reg.
lit |Iit|
lighted |'Iaitid|
lit |Iit|
lighted |'Iaitid|

a lumina; a se aprinde. He lit another cigarette. The room was
brightly lit. She put a lightea match to the papers.
brightly lit, light on/upon sth, light out, light sth up, light
the/sbs way, light up, light up with, poorly lit, well lit

136.
to lose |Iu:z| lost |Iost| lost |Iost|

a pierde. I must have lost my train ticket on the fourney. At
least 600 staff will lose their fobs if the firm closes. He lost his
leg in a car acciaent.
be/get lost in the mail, be/get lost in the post, have a lot/too
much to lose, have nothing to lose, have nothing to lose but

66
your priae/reputation etc., lose (sth) by 1 goal/10 votes/20
points etc., lose a chance/opportunity, lose all sense of
time/airection/proportion etc., lose an arm/leg/eye etc., lose
confiaence/interest/hope etc., lose face, lose heart, lose it,
lose ... licence, lose no time in aoing sth, lose on, lose out,
lose out on, lose out to, lose sb sth, lose sb to cancer/AIDS
etc., lose sight of sth, lose sight of sth/sb, lose sight of the fact
that., lose something in the translation/telling, lose sth to
sb/sth, lose time/2 aays/3 hours etc., lose to, lose touch (with
sb/sth), lose track of sth/sb, lose weight/height/speea etc., lose
your heaa, lose your life, lose your mina, lose your
sight/hearing/voice/balance etc., lose your temper/cool/rag,
lose your temper/cool/rag with, lose your touch, lose your
way/bearings, lose yourself in sth, theres no time to lose

0 0 0 0

Indefinite
Infinitive
Past Tense of the
Indicative Mood
Past Participle
137.
to make |mcik| made |mcid| made |mcid|

a Iace, a Iabrica. The earrings are maae of gola. Her new
trainer maae an Olympic athlete of her. The recyclea paper
will be maae into caraboara boxes. Theyve maae the attic into
a spare room.
as far as I can make out, be maae (out) of sth, be maae from
sth, be maae to ao sth, be maae up of sth, be maae up to
captain/manager etc., Japanese-maae/English-maae etc., kiss
ana make up, maae a fortune, maae a profit, maae it big,
maae it clear, maae it to the top, make (it) up to sb, make a
aay/night/evening of it, make a hole/aent/mark etc., make a
living, make as if to ao sth, make away with sb/sth, make
believe, make ao, make ao ana mena, make ao with/without,
make for sth, make it, make it as, make it through, make it to,
make it to manager/airector etc., make it with sb, make it/that
(1*/,6+DQG$0(5,&$1,55(*8/$59(5%6,1&217(;7 67
sth, make like, make money, make off, make off
along/across/through etc., make off with sth, make or break,
make out, make out (that), make out a case (for sth), make out
like a banait, make out what/how/why etc., make out
who/what etc., make sb captain/leaaer etc., make sb ao sth,
make sb out, make sb sth, make sb up, make sb/sth ao sth,
make sb/sth into sth, make sb/sth out, make sb/sth out to be
sth, make sth aifficult/easy/possible etc., make sth from/out of
sth, make sth of sb/sth, make sth of yourself, make sth out,
make sth out of sb/sth, make sth out of sth, make sth out to,
make sth the best/worst/most expensive etc., make sth up,
make sth up into, make sth/sb over, make sth/sb over to, make
the meeting/the party/Tuesaay etc., make the most of sth,
make the papers/heaalines/front page etc., make too much of
sth, make towaras sth, make up, make ... up as ... go along,
make up for lost time, make up for sth, make up for sth
in/with, make up sth, make up the aifference, make up to sb,
make up with, make yourself heara/unaerstooa/known etc.,
more than make up for, that makes two of us

138.
to mean |mi:n| meant |mcnt| meant |mcnt|

a vrea s spun, a se reIeri la; a nsemna. As the well-known
line from the film put it, "Love means never having to say
youre sorry". These figures mean that almost 7 of the
working population is unemployea. What ao you mean by that
remark?
(ao) you mean, be meant for sb, be meant for sb/sth, be meant
to be gooa/excellent/baa etc., be meant to ao sth, aiant mean
it, ao/if you know/see what I mean?, I see what you mean,
know/unaerstana what it means to be sth, mean (that), mean
business, mean aoing sth, mean for sb to ao sth, mean it,
mean no harm/offence/aisrespect, mean sb/sth to ao sth, mean
something to, mean sth to sb, mean the worla to sb/mean
everything to sb, mean to ao sth, mean well, mean a lot to,
mean nothing to, meant something, see what I mean?, sth was

68
meant to be/happen

139.
to meet |mi:t| met |mct| met |mct|

a (se) ntlni, a ntmpina. "Have we met before?" "Yes, we
met at your sisters last summer." I met her in Hawaii. Woula
you like to meet a film star?
(it was) nice meeting you, meet (sb) for sth, meet (sth) heaa-
on, meet a aeaaline, meet a aebt/cost/expense etc., meet a
goal/target etc., meet a neea/aemana/requirement/conaition
etc., meet a problem/challenge, meet ... obfectives, meet sb
halfway, meet sbs eye(s)/ga:e/glance etc., meet ... stanaaras,
meet up, meet up with, meet with an acciaent, meet with
opposition/aisapproval etc., meet with sb/sth, meet with
success/failure, meet with support/approval etc., meet your
aeath/ena, meet your eye(s), meet your maker, meet your
match, meet your Waterloo, nice/pleasea to meet you,
our/their eyes meet, theres more to sb/sth than meets the eye

140.
to melt |mcIt| melted |'mcItid| melted |'mcItid|
(arch.) molten
|'mcoIt(c)n|

(si Iig.) a (se) topi, a (se) dizolva, a deveni lichid, a se lichiIia.
It was so hot the butter startea to melt. He only haa to look at
her, ana she meltea. The ice on the lake meltea (away).
melt away, melt in your mouth, melt into sbs arms/embrace,
melt into sth, melt sth aown

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141. to miscast
|mis'ko:st|
miscast
|mis'ko:st|
miscast
|mis'ko:st|

a repartiza gresit (roluri); a distribui cuiva un rol nepotrivit.
Bale is excellent, ana it is oaa to think how close Leonarao
DiCaprio came to being monumentally miscast in the part.

142. to misdeal
|mis'di:I|
misdealt
|mis'dcIt|
misdealt
|mis'dcIt|

a da sau a mpri gresit (la jocul de cri); a mpri gresit
(crile de joc); a aciona gresit. He misaealt at the ena of the
game ana he lost all the fortune he haa.

143. to misgive
|mis'giv|
misgave
|mis'gciv|
misgiven
|mis'givn|

a inspira nencredere sau Iric sau presimiri rele (cuiva). My
heart misgave me when I saw him.

144. to mishear
|mis'hic|
misheard
|mis'ha:d|
misheard
|mis'ha:d|

a auzi gresit/ru/ prost. It seemea a strange question. I
wonaerea if I haa misheara.

145. to mishit
|mis'hit|
mishit
|mis'hit|
mishit
|mis'hit|

(sport) a gresi pasa, a pasa gresit. The soccer player mishit

70
twice because he was in a very baa shape.

146. to mislay
|mis'Ici|
mislaid
|mis'Icid|
mislaid
|mis'Icid|

a rtci, a pierde (un obiect); a pune ntr-un loc nepotrivit. Ben
mislaia the tape he neeaea for his English class.

147. to mislead
|mis'Ii:d|
misled
|mis'Icd|
misled
|mis'Icd|

a induce n eroare, a duce pe ci gresite. The witness has
aamittea concealing the mans boay ana misleaaing the police
about his movements on the night of the muraer. Clearer fooa
labelling is neeaea to prevent consumers from being mislea
into eating things that are baa for them.
misleaa sb about/over sth, misleaa sb into believing/thinking
etc sth

148. to misread
|mis'ri:d|
misread
|mis'rcd|
misread
|mis'rcd|

a citi gresit; a interpreta gresit. The aoctor must have misreaa
the notes. The intelligence community was critici:ea for
misreaaing Iraqs intentions.

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149. to misspeak
|mis'spi:k|
misspoke
|mis'spcok|
misspoken
|mis'spcokn|

a vorbi incorect o limb; a pronuna gresit (un cuvnt). He
usea long woras but he misspoke them.

150. to misspell
|mis'spcI|
also reg.
misspelt
|mis'spcIt| (Br.E)
misspelled
|mis'spcId|
misspelt
|mis'spcIt| (Br.E)
misspelled
|mis'spcId|

a ortograIia gresit. The briaes name was misspelt in the
newspaper.

151. to misspend
|mis'spcnd|
misspent
|mis'spcnt|
misspent
|mis'spcnt|

a cheltui Ir rost, a irosi. Their business manager misspent
millions of the couples money.
misspent youth

152. to mistake (for)
|mis'tcik|
mistook
|mis'tok|
mistaken
|mis'tcikn|

a conIunda; a nelege gresit. She mistook my meaning
entirely.
mistake sb/sth for sb/sth, there is no mistaking sb/sth, you
cant mistake sb/sth


72
153. to misteach
|mis'ti:tj|
mistaught
|mis't5:t|
mistaught
|mis't5:t|

a nva (pe cineva) ceva gresit. Its better to aamit that you
are ignorant of the matter than to misteach someboay. The
teacher unwillingly mistaught his class wrong figures
concerning inaustry proauctions because the authors of the
respective workbooks haa not upaatea them.

154. to
misunderstand
|mis\ndc'stnd|
misunderstood
|mis\ndc'stod|

misunderstood
|mis\ndc'stod|

a nelege gresit, a interpreta gresit; a se nsela (asupra).
Accoraing to Bennett, you misunaerstooa the reason you were
aroppea from the list.

155.
to mow |mco|
also reg.
mowed |mcod|
mowed |mcod|
mown |mcon|
mowed |mcod|

a cosi. Newly mown grass.
mow lawn, mow sb aown, new-mown hay/grass etc.

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2 2 2 2

Indefinite
Infinitive
Past Tense of the
Indicative Mood
Past Participle
156.
to offset ['oIsctj offset ['oIsctj offset ['oIsctj

a despgubi, a compensa; a echilibra, a contrabalansa; a se
opune (la ceva; to offset illegalities a se opune aciunilor
ilegale, a le zdrnici). Cuts in prices for milk, butter, ana
cheese will be offset by airect payments to farmers.
offset sth against sth

157. to outbid
|aot'bid|
outbid
|aot'bid|
outbid
|aot'bid|
outbidden
|aot'bidn|

a oIeri un pre mai mare dect, a supralicita. She outbia three
competitors for the painting.

158. to outbreed
|aot'bri:d|
outbred
|aot'brcd|
outbred
|aot'brcd|

a ncrucisa specii diIerite. If a few years ago scientists outbrea
to make some progress in genetics, nowaaays they focus on
the genetic factors which regulate the aegree of outbreeaing.


74
159. to outbuild
|aot'biId|
outbuilt
|aot'biIt|
outbuilt
|aot'biIt|

a construi mai bine sau mai trainic dect. Free societies can
outbuila societies basea on tyrannies.

160. to outdo
|aot'du:|
outdid
|aot'did|
outdone
|aot'd\n|

a ntrece, a depsi; a se depsi, a se ntrece pe sine nsusi.
When it comes to speea of response, a small firm can outao a
big company.
not to be outaone, outao sb in sth

161. to outdraw
|aot'dr5:|
outdrew
|aot'dru:|
outdrawn
|aot'dr5:n|

1. a trage (un pistol, pusc, etc.) din teac mai repede dect
adversarul. He coula outaraw any member of the club. 2. a
exercita asupra cuiva o atracie mai maore dect altcineva. She
outaraws all male stars at the box office.

162. to outdrive
|aot'draiv|
outdrove
|aot'drcov|
outdriven
|aot'driv(c)n|

1.a arunca (o minge de golI) mai puternic sau mai departe
dect altcineva. 2. a conduce mai repede (dect). Buck
outarove his friena by forty yaras ana thus he won the game.
The young man outarove the police car because his brakes
were out of oraer.

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163. to outfight
|aot'Iait|
outfought
|aot'I5:t|
outfought
|aot'I5:t|

a nvinge, a nIrnge. The lora aecisively outfought his
challenger.

164. to outfly
|aot'IIai|
outflew
|aot'IIu:|
outflown
|aot'IIcon|

a ntrece n zbor, a zbura mai repede dect. He livea ana was
famous in the aays when few men even areamea of outflying
the souna of their own voices.

165. to outgo
|aot'gco|
outwent
|aot'wcnt|
outgone
|aot'gon|

a trece de; a ntrece. He on horseback outgoes him on foot.

166. to outgrow
|aot'grco|
outgrew
|aot'gru:|
outgrown
|aot'grconj

a creste mai repede (dect); a creste prea mult pentru (o hain,
etc.); a se dezva de (un obicei, gust) cu vrsta. They outgrow
their clothes so quickly. Many illicit arug users simply
outgrow the habit once they reach their thirties.


76
167. to outlay
|aot'Ici|
outlaid
|aot'Icid|
outlaid
|aot'Icid|

a cheltui. The Government outlaia billions of aollars on
expensive cars.

168. to outleap
|aot'Ii:p|
also reg.
outleapt
|aot'Icpt|
outleaped
|aot'Ii:pt|
outleapt
|aot'Icpt|
outleaped
|aot'Ii:pt|

a sri mai departe; (Iig.) a depsi. Ancient philosophers
outleapt the barriers of the particular to reach a universal
truth.

169. to outlet
|aot'Ict|
outlet
|aot'Ict|
outlet
|aot'Ict|

a lsa s ias/s curg. The plumber outlet the water in the
basin to avoia flooaing.

170. to output
|aot'pot|
also reg.
output
|aot'pot|
outputted
|aot'potid|
output
|aot'pot|
outputted
|aot'potid|

1. (computere) a transIera inIormaie dintr-o surs intern spre
exterior. 2. a produce. They saia that you can output the image
airectly to a viaeo recoraing system.

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171. to outride
|aot'raid|
outrode
|aot'rcod|
outridden
|aot'ridn|

a ntrece (clare); a nIrunta (o Iurtun); a ndura cu trie (o
nenorocire). He was sure that he coula outarink, outwalk ana
outriae them all. He areamt of having a ship strong enough to
outriae any storm.

172. to outring
|aot'rip|
outrang
|aot'rp|
outrung
|aot'r\p|

a suna mai tare (dect). He always likea to listen to the bells
which outrang from the tower.

173. to outrun
|aot'r\n|
outran
|aot'rn|
outrun
|aot'r\n|

a ntrece, a depsi, a o lua naintea; a Iugi (de). Consumer
aemana has outrun our proauction capabilities.

174. to outsell
|aot'scI|
outsold
|aot'scoId|
outsold
|aot'scoId|

a se vinde mai bine sau mai scump (dect). They claim their
machines are outselling Nintenaos machines.

175. to outshine
|aot'jain|
outshone
|aot'jon|
outshone
|aot'jon|

a ntrece n strlucire; a eclipsa. Kelly was outstanaing ana

78
outshone every other player on the fiela.

176. to outshoot
|aot'ju:t|
outshot
|aot'jot|
outshot
|aot'jot|

a trage mai exact, mai repede, mai mult, etc. (dect). The
policeman outshot the thief who haa triea to kill him.

177. to outsing
|aot'sip|
outsang
|aot'sp|
outsung
|aot's\p|

a cnta mai bine sau mai tare (dect). His music teacher
aavisea his stuaent not to outsing the others when singing in a
choir.

178. to outsit
|aot'sit|
outsat
|aot'st|
outsat
|aot'st|

a sta mai mult dect ali musaIiri. His very close frienas ana
his relatives outsat at his weaaing ana haa a very gooa time.

179. to outsleep
|aot'sIi:p|
outslept
|aot'sIcpt|
outslept
|aot'sIcpt|

a pierde (timpul, etc.) dormind. We were afraia we woula
outsleep the next morning ana we kept the light turnea on all
night.

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180. to outspeak
|aot'spi:k|
outspoke
|aot'spcok|
outspoken
|aot'spcokn|

a vorbi mai bine sau mai mult (dect); a exprima deschis,
sincer. Though the lawyer for the aefense outspoke the
prosecutor, he lost the case. He outspoke his contention in
front of the fury.

181. to outspeed
|aot'spi:d|
outsped
|aot'spcd|
outsped
|aot'spcd|

a ntrece, a depsi (ca vitez). His new racehorse outspea any
other horse over a short aistance.

182. to outspend
|aot'spcnd|
outspent
|aot'spcnt|
outspent
|aot'spcnt|

1. a cheltui mai mult (dect). They seemea aeterminea to
outspena their neighbours. 2. a termina prea repede
banii/resursele de cheltuit. He quickly outspent his fortune.

183. to outspread
|aot'sprcd|
outspread
|aot'sprcd|
outspread
|aot'sprcd|

a se ntinde pe o supraIa mai mare dect. An eagle
outspreaaing its wings was seen in the aistance.


80
184. to outstand
|aot'stnd|
outstood
|aot'stod|
outstood
|aot'stod|

1. a iesi n eviden. 2. a depsi limita de timp. As a stuaent he
outstooa in his class for his literary talent. Marys parents
reprimanaea her for having outstooa the hour of her coming
back home from the party.

185. to outstay
|aot'stci|
also reg.
outstaid
|aot'stcid|
outstayed
|aot'stcid|
outstaid
|aot'stcid|
outstayed
|aot'stcid|

a abuza de amabilitatea gazdei, a sta mai mult dect se cuvine;
a rezista sau a dura mai mult ntr-o competiie. The employeea
haa outstaia their coffee break. His mount tenaciously outstaia
meloay for secona place.

186. to outtell
|aot'tcI|
outtold
|aot'tcoId|
outtold
|aot'tcoId|

1. a Ii de nedescris. His story was so riaiculous as to outtell
any comment. 2. a spune ceva pn la sIrsit. He outtola the
tale to his ama:ea listeners. 3. a vorbi deschis, a declara. The
guilty heart outtells its inmost thoughts.

187. to outthink
|aot'Oipk|
outthought
|aot'O5:t|
outthought
|aot'O5:t|

a gndi mai repede, mai bine, sau a Ii mai receptiv (dect). He
was consiaerea a gooa statesman because he woula often
outthink most of her contemporaries in the fiela of human
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relations.

188. to outthrow
|aot'Orco|
outthrew
|aot'Oru:|
outthrown
|aot'Orcon|

a arunca mai depate sau mai precis (dect). He can outthrow
any other pitcher in the league.

189. to outthrust
|aot'Or\st|
outthrust
|aot'Or\st|
outthrust
|aot'Or\st|
a extinde. Besiae the boathouse a fetty outthrust into the
water.

190. to outwear
[aot'wccj
outwore
|aot'w5:|
outworn
|aot'w5:n|

a supravieui; a uza; a sectui, a slei, a istovi. This is a
material that will outwear any other waterproof sheeting.

191. to outwrite
|aot'rait|
outwrote
|aot'rcot|
outwritten
|aot'ritn|

a scrie mai mult sau mai bine (dect). The stuaents in the
secona year outwrote the fourth year stuaents at the English
language examination.


82
192. to overbear
|covc'bcc|
overbore
|covc'b5:|
overborne
|covc'b5:n|

a nbusi; a reprima; a da prea mult rod. In argument he never
triea to overbear or overwhelm the opponent by intellectual
bluageoning.

193. to overbid
|covc'bid|
overbid
|covc'bid|
overbid
|covc'bid|

a supralicita. It is a gooa technique to overbia when you are
sure there is noboay there to offer more.

194. to overblow
|covc'bIco|
overblew
|covc'bIu:|
overblown
|covc'bIcon|

a da importan sau valoare excesiv la ceva; a umIla prea
tare; a suIla (vntul, nisipul, etc.) peste o supraIa (d. vnt,
nisip, etc.). The aeaa leaves overblew the yara.

195. to overbuild
|covc'biId|
overbuilt
|covc'biIt|
overbuilt
|covc'biIt|

a construi pe; a construi prea mult. Investors overbuilt the
Atlantic ana Meaiterranean Coasts.

196. to overbuy
|covc'bai|
overbought
|covc'b5:t|
overbought
|covc'b5:t|

a cumpra prea scump sau n cantiti prea mari. If he happens
(1*/,6+DQG$0(5,&$1,55(*8/$59(5%6,1&217(;7 83
to overbuy, his boss always takes immeaiate action ana tries
to sell the merchanaise.

197. to overcast
|covc'ko:st|
overcast
|covc'ko:st|
overcast
|covc'ko:st|

a surIila; a ntuneca (cu nori). They walkea on the pebblea
beach, overcast with the shaaows of the high cliffs.

198. to overcome
|cotc'k\m|
overcame
|cotc'kcim|
overcome
|cotc'k\m|

a depsi, a nvinge. He strugglea to overcome his shyness.
The financial problems of the firm coula no longer be
overcome.
overcome with

199. to overdo
|covc'du:|
overdid
|covc'did|
overdone
|covc'd\n|

a exagera; a ntrece msura. He thinks that he probably
overaia it in the gym tonight.

200. to overdraw
|covc'dr5:|
overdrew
|covc'dru:|
overdrawn
|covc'dr5:n|

a depsi contul la banc. He only pays interest if his account is
overarawn.


84
201. to overdrink
|covc'dripk|
overdrank
|covc'drpk|
overdrunk
|covc'dr\pk|

a bea prea mult, peste msur. He overarank that night ana
that is why he no longer knew what haa happenea to him.

202. to overdrive
|covc'draiv|
overdrove
|covc'drcov|
overdriven
|covc'drivn|

a istovi, a pune la lucru, a munci peste msur. There was a
party for the overariven mothers of all the chilaren in the
area.

203. to overeat
|covcr'i:t|
overate |covcr'ct
/|covcr'cit|
overeaten
|covcr'i:tn|

a mnca prea mult (peste msur). A woman who overeats
auring pregnancy can cause health problems for her chila.

204. to overfeed
|covc'Ii:d|
overfed
|covc'Icd|
overfed
|covc'Icd|

a (se) supraalimenta. Do not overfeea, ana systemati:e your
feeaing to save the lives of your fish.

205. to overfly
|covc'IIai|
overflew
|covc'IIu:|
overflown
|covc'IIcon|

a survola. Air force helicopters overflew the area.

(1*/,6+DQG$0(5,&$1,55(*8/$59(5%6,1&217(;7 85
206. to overgild
|covc'giId|
also reg.
overgilt
|covc'giIt|
overgilded
|covc'giIdid|
overgilt
|covc'giIt|
overgilded
|covc'giIdid|
a acoperi/ a sulIa cu aur; (Iig.) a Iace ceva s strluceasc.
When we went to the seasiae, I likea to see the morning
sunlight that overgilas the rooftops.

207. to overgrow
|covc'grco|
overgrew
|covc'gru:|
overgrown
|covc'grcon|

a npdi; a invada; a creste prea mult. The mussels overgrow
ana smother whatever is unaerneath.

208. to overhang
|covc'hp|
overhung
|covc'h\p|
overhung
|covc'h\p|

a atrna peste; a iesi n aIar. The bira was sitting on a branch
overhanging the water.

209. to overhear
|covc'hic|
overheard
|covc'hc:d|
overheard
|covc'hc:d|

a auzi din ntmplare (Ir s vrei sau Ir s stie cel n cauz).
Claire, who was outsiae the aoor, overheara their
conversation.
coulant help overhearing, overhear sb say (that), overhear sb
saying sth


86
210. to overhit
|covc'hit|
overhit
|covc'hit|
overhit
|covc'hit|

a lovi ceva prea tare sau trimite prea departe (mingea n tenis,
etc.). The tennis player overhit the ball too many times to win
the game.

211. to overlade
|covc'Icid|
overladed
|covc'Icidid|
overladen
|covc'Icid(c)n|
(AmE)

a suprancrca (cu) (n special ca adjectiv participial). A table
overlaaen with rich fooa.

212. to overlay
|covc'Ici|
overlaid
|covc'Icid|
overlaid
|covc'Icid|

a pune, a ntinde peste; a acoperi (cu vopsea, etc.). The legal
action overlays an illegal ana hiaaen set of interests.
be overlaia with sth

213. to overleap
|covc'Ii:p|
also reg.
overleapt
|covc'Icpt|
overleaped
|covc'Ii:pt|
overleapt
|covc'Icpt|
overleaped
|covc'Ii:pt|

1. a sri peste (un gard, etc.). 2. a se autodepsi. To overleap
oneself with ambition. 3. a omite, a sri peste. He overleapt
important steps ana reachea erroneous conclusions. 4. (arh.) a
sri mai departe (dect).

(1*/,6+DQG$0(5,&$1,55(*8/$59(5%6,1&217(;7 87
214. to overlearn
|covc'Ia:n|
also reg.
overlearnt
|covc'Ia:nt|
overlearned
|covc'Ia:nd|
overlearnt
|covc'Ia:nt|
overlearned
|covc'Ia:nd|

a nva pe de rost sau a memora Ir rezultate bune. He
coulant remember anything at the examination because he
haa overlearnt all last week.

215. to overlie
|covc'Iai|
overlay
|covc'Ici|
overlain
|covc'Icin|

a se ntinde pe (deasupra), mai sus de. Clay overlies chalk in
the southern mountains.

216. to overpay
|covc'pci|
overpaid
|covc'pcid|
overpaid
|covc'pcid|

a plti prea mult (pentru). We overpaia our taxes this year.

217. to override
|covc'raid|
overrode
|covc'rcod|
overridden
|covc'ridn|

a cotropi, a invada, a nvli clare n; (Iig.) a clca n picioare.
City council members votea to overriae the mayors veto.

218. to overrun
|covc'r\n|
overran
|covc'rn|
overrun
|covc'r\n|

a se revrsa peste margini, a depsi (limitele premise, termenul

88
Iixat); a umple, a npdi. Heavy rains causea Stoney Creek to
overrun its banks earlier toaay. Soviet troops overran the
nation in 1940.
be overrun by/with sth

219. to oversee
|covc'si:|
oversaw
|covc's5:|
overseen
|covc'si:n|

a supraveghea, a controla (din calitate oIicial) (o moiune,
voturi); a anula. Aaministrators oversee the testing of stuaents,
to place them in the appropriate classes.

220. to oversell
|covc'scI|
oversold
|covc'scoId|
oversold
|covc'scoId|

a vinde mai mult dect ai n stoc (aciuni, marI). The movie
was oversola ana enaea up aisappointing everyone.

221. to overset
|covc'sct|
overset
|covc'sct|
overset
|covc'sct|

a rsturna; a rsturna ordinea (G.); a supra (emoional) pe
cineva. The small kinaness nearly overset her again.

222. to oversew
|covc'sco|
also reg.
oversewed
|covc'scod|
oversewed
|covc'scod|
oversewn
|covc'scon|
oversewed
|covc'scod|

a surIila. Helen was very proua of having oversewn the aress
(1*/,6+DQG$0(5,&$1,55(*8/$59(5%6,1&217(;7 89
herself.

223. to overshine
|covc'jain|

overshone
|covc'jon|
overshined
|covc'jaind|
overshone
|covc'jon|
overshined
|covc'jaind|

a strluci mai tare; a depsi n splendoare, excelen, etc. Her
singing overshone that of the opera companys more wiaely
known contraltos.

224. to overshoot
|covc'ju:t|
overshot
|covc'jot|
overshot
|covc'jot|

a trece cu masina de locul dorit (din neatenie sau vitez); a
depsi limita (Iinanciar). The buaget aeficit will probably
overshoot its target of 5.8 percent of GDP.

225. to oversleep
|covc'sIi:p|
overslept
|covc'sIcpt|
overslept
|covc'sIcpt|

a dormi prea mult; a se scula prea trziu. He haa overslept on
the aay he was supposea to take the entrance exam.

226. to overspend
|covc'spcnd|
overspent
|covc'spcnt|
overspent
|covc'spcnt|

a cheltui prea mult. Too many people overspena auring the
holiaays.


90
227. to overspill
|covc'spiI|
overspilt
|covc'spiIt|
overspilled
|covc'spiId|
overspilt
|covc'spiIt|
overspilled
|covc'spiId|

a vrsa peste; a da pe aIar. John overspilt the beer when he
pourea it in the glass.

228. to overspread
|covc'sprcd|
overspread
|covc'sprcd|
overspread
|covc'sprcd|

a acoperi; a inunda (despre ap). A giant bramble haa
overspreaa the path.

229. to overstand
|covc'stnd|
overstood
|covc'stod|
overstood
|covc'stod|

(nautic) a naviga cu colul de jos al pnzelor ce direcioneaz o
corabie legat prea lejer.

230. to overstrew
|covc'stru:|
also reg.

overstrewed
|covc'stu:d|
overstrewed
|covc'stu:d|
overstrewn
|covc'stru:n|
overstrewed
|covc'stu:d|

a mprstia peste/pe deasupra/prea mult. Peter overstrew the
books in his bearoom all over the place.

(1*/,6+DQG$0(5,&$1,55(*8/$59(5%6,1&217(;7 91
231. to overstride
|covc'straid|
overstrode
|covc'strcod|
overstridden
|covc'stridn|

1. a depsi. To surpass ones competitors. 2. a domina. He
overstriaes the committee with loua aggressiveness. 3. a trece
peste, a merge mai repede dect. At its narrowest point, one
can easily overstriae the stream. They reachea a aownwara
path where she easily overstroae her companion.

232. to overstrike
|covc'straik|
overstruck
|covc'str\k|
overstruck
|covc'str\k|

(numis.) a pune o nou valoare, marc sau inscripie pe o
moned. The National Bank overstruck the 100 lei coin.

233. to overstring
|covc'strip|
rare also reg.
overstrung
|covc'str\p|
overstringed
|covc'stripdd|
overstrung
|covc'str\p|
overstringed
|covc'strip(|

1. (music.) a acorda pianul cu corzile pentru sunete joase
petrecute peste cele pentru sunete nalte. 2. a ncorda prea tare
(arcul). The pianist overstrung the piano to play the notes as
he wantea it to.

234. to overtake
|covc'tcik|
overtook
|covc'tok|
overtaken
|covc'tcikn|

a ajunge din urm; a Ii surprins (de ploaie, Iurtun); a depsi
n mers o masin. Before you start to overtake, make sure the
roaa is clear aheaa of you.


92
be overtaken by events, be overtaken by sth

235. to overthrow
|covc'Orco|
overthrew
|covc'Oru:|
overthrown
|covc'Orcon|

a rsturna; (Iig.) a dobor; a arunca prea departe. Rebels were
alreaay making plans to overthrow the government.

236. to overthrust
|covc'Or\st|
overthrust
|covc'Or\st|
overthrust
|covc'Or\st|

a Iora un strat de roc asupra altuia. The shales are overthrust
by Carboniferous rocks.

237. to overwear
|covc'wcc|
overwore
|covc'w5:|
overworn
|covc'w5:n|

a purta pn la uzare; a uza (si Iig.); a-si pierde valoarea prin
Iolosire excesiv. Some of the phrases are overworn by
repetition.

238. to overwind
|covc'waind|
overwound
|covc'waond|
overwound
|covc'waond|

a rsuci ceasul prea mult. Since I overwina my watch, I often
have it repairea.

(1*/,6+DQG$0(5,&$1,55(*8/$59(5%6,1&217(;7 93
239. to overwing
|covc'wip|
overwung
|covc'w\p|
overwung
|covc'w\p|

(arh.) a lua prin Ilanc; a nvlui (inamicul). The army
overwung the enemy ana aefeatea them.

240. to overwithhold
|covc'wihcoId|
overwithheld
|covc'wihcId|
overwithheld
|covc'wihcId|

a susine prea mult; (ec.) a Iace o deducere prea mare; a se
abine prea mult. He overwithhela his feelings ana now he no
longer knew what he really wantea from his wife.

241. to overwrite
|covc'rait|
overwrote
|covc'rcot|
overwritten
|covc'ritn|

a scrie prea mult (despre); a scrie peste alt scris. Many names
haa been scratchea out or overwritten.

3 3 3 3

Indefinite
Infinitive
Past Tense of the
Indicative Mood
Past Participle
242. to partake
|po:'tcik|
partook
|po:'tok|
partaken
po:'tcikn|

a mnca sau a bea ceva; a mprtsi, a mpri (soarta cuiva), a
lua parte la; a uza de, a proIita de. Granamother likes to
partake of a small glass of sherry before lunch. During the

94
1970s the provision of rural housing for those who can not
partake in the market sector has been pitiful.
partake in, partake of, partake of sth

243.
to pay |pci| paid |pcid| paid |pcid|

a (rs)plti, a achita. It aoesnt pay (to) nu merit.
pay court (to sb), be paia weekly/monthly, get paia, get paia
weekly/monthly, he who pays the piper calls the tune, it pays
to, pay aearly, pay no attention to, pay tribute to, pay (in)
cash, pay (sb) in aollars/euros etc., pay (sth in)
compensation/aamages, pay a call/visit, pay a call/visit to,
pay ... a compliment, pay attention (to sb/sth), pay ... bill, pay
by cheque/creait cara, pay aiviaenas, pay ... fine, pay for, pay
for itself, pay ... in compensation, pay its way, pay my
respects, pay off, pay off ... aebts, pay out, pay out (sth), pay
out (sth) for, pay sb $100 a aay/200 a week etc., pay sb back
for sth, pay sb for sth, pay sb off, pay sb sth, pay sb to ao sth,
pay sb/sth back, pay sth in, pay sth off, pay sth out, pay sth
over, pay sth over to, pay the penalty/price, pay the
penalty/price for (aoing) sth, pay through the nose (for sth),
pay up, pay your way, well/baaly/poorly paia

244. to plead
|pIi:d|
also reg.
pled |pIcd|
(esp. AmE)
pleaded |'pIi:did|
pled |pIcd|
(esp. AmE)
pleaded |'pIi:did|

1. (jur.) a pleda; to pleaa with smb. for smth. a interveni, a
Iace un demers pe lng cineva pentru cineva: to pleaa guilty
a-si mrturisi, a-si recunoaste vina; 2. (jur.) a pleda o cauz;
a invoca, a pretinde (o scuz), a pretexta: to pleaa ignorance
a se pretinde ignorant, a invoca ignorana drept scuz; to
pleaa a fatigue a pretexta c e obosit, a invoca oboseala
(1*/,6+DQG$0(5,&$1,55(*8/$59(5%6,1&217(;7 95
drept scuz.
pleaa for, pleaa guilty/not guilty/innocent, pleaa
ignorance/illness/insanity etc., pleaa that, pleaa with sb (to ao
sth)

245. to preset
|pri'sct|
preset
|pri'sct|
preset
|pri'sct|

a pune dinainte; a Iixa un aparat electric s devin activ la o
or anume; a ajusta (un conector, buton, etc.) s ndeplineasc
o anumit Iuncie cnd este activat. The tuning buttons on the
raaio are preset to my favorite FM stations.

246. proofread
|'pru:Iri:d|
proofread
|'pru:Ircd|
proofread
|'pru:Ircd|

a Iace corectura unui material; a citi spalturi. Analysts
photocopiea, proofreaa, ana assemblea breathtakingly aull
securities aocuments for ninety ana more hours a week.

247. to prove
|pru:v|

also reg.
proved
|pru:vd|

proved |pru:vd|
proven |pru:vn|
(used as adj. esp.
in BrE)
proved |pru:vd|

a dovedi. He haa a proven ability to work hara. He was
provea guilty.
prove (that), prove a point, prove his point, prove sb
wrong/innocent etc., prove sbs guilt/innocence, prove sth to
sb, prove to be sth, prove yourself (to be) sth, prove
yourself/prove something (to sb)

96
248.
to put |pot| put |pot| put |pot|

a pune, a aseza. Granamother was getting too frail to live on
her own, so we haa to put her in an ola peoples home.
as ... put it, feel/be put out, how shall I put it, I coulant put it
aown, I woulant put it past sb (to ao sth), more ... than the
rest/the others/everything else put together, put (sth) about,
put (sth) aown, put a clock/watch back, put a clock/watch
forwara, put a proposition/proposal/case etc to sb, put a
question to, put a stop/an ena to sth, put about, put aown, put
aown a motion/an amenament, put aown a
revolution/revolt/rebellion etc., put forth leaves/shoots/roots
etc., put forth sth, put in, put in an appearance, put ... in
aanger, put in for sth, put in sth, put into woras, put it about
that, put it aown to experience, put it like that, put it there,
put it to you that, put off aoing sth, put on a brave face, put on
weight/12 lbs/4 kg etc., put one/sth over on sb, put out, put out
feelers, put ... out of a fob, put ... out of action, put paia to sth,
put sb as/among/in etc sth, put sb away, put sb aown, put sb
aown as sth, put sb aown for sth, put sb aown for 5/20 etc.,
put sb in (sth), put sb in a gooa/baa etc mooa, put sb in
control/commana/charge etc., put sb off, put sb off (aoing)
sth, put sb off (sth), put sb on, put sb on a train/plane etc., put
sb onto sb/sth, put sb out, put sb straight/right, put sb through
school/college/university, put sb through sth, put sb to
trouble/inconvenience, put sb unaer, put sb up, put sb up to
sth, put sb/sth away, put sb/sth back, put sb/sth before sb/sth,
put sb/sth first/secona etc., put sb/sth forwara, put sb/sth
forwara to, put sb/sth off, put sb/sth on, put sb/sth through,
put sb/sth through to, put sth about, put sth across, put sth
asiae, put sth at sth, put sth away, put sth back, put sth back
to, put sth before sb, put sth behina you, put sth by, put sth
aown, put sth aown on, put sth aown to sth, put sth in, put sth
in/on/unaer etc sth, put sth into action/effect/practice, put sth
into sth, put sth off, put sth on, put sth on sth, put sth out, put
sth over, put sth right, put sth straight, put sth through, put
(1*/,6+DQG$0(5,&$1,55(*8/$59(5%6,1&217(;7 97
sth to sth, put sth together, put sth towaras sth, put sth up, put
sth up for, put sth well/cleverly/simply etc., put sth/sb aown,
put the phone aown, put the phone aown on, put the
rubbish/garbage etc out, put the washing out, put through, put
... through it, put ... to the test, put to use, put ... to work, put
up, put up a fight/struggle/resistance, put up a
proposal/argument/case etc., put up at/in/with, put up for
aaoption, put ... up for sale, put up or shut up, put up sth, put
up with sb/sth, put your back out, put your
faith/trust/confiaence in sb/sth, put your hana/foot/arm out,
put your tongue out, put yourself about, put yourself across,
put yourself aown, put yourself out, puts ... to sleep, putting
pressure on, to put it another way, to put it bluntly, to put it
milaly, youre putting me on'

4 4 4 4

Indefinite
Infinitive
Past Tense of the
Indicative Mood
Past Participle
249.
to quit |kwit|
also reg.
quit |kwit|
quitted |'kwitid|
quit |kwit|
quitted |'kwitid|

a prsi (un serviciu; a nceta o activitate). She quit her fob in
a pi::a restaurant.
be quit of sth, notice to quit, quit aoing sth


98
5 5 5 5

Indefinite
Infinitive
Past Tense of the
Indicative Mood
Past Participle
250.
to read |ri:d| read |rcd| read |rcd|

a citi, a studia. Always reaa the label before you wash your
clothes.
reaa sb like a book, ao you reaa me?, reaa (sth) to sb, reaa
(that), reaa about, reaa ... aloua, reaa between the lines, reaa
for, reaa for sth, reaa ... from cover to cover, reaa my lips,
reaa of, reaa sb sth, reaa sbs lips, reaa sbs mina/thoughts,
reaa sbs palm, reaa sth as sth, reaa sth as/for sth, reaa sth
back, reaa sth back to, reaa sth into sth, reaa sth out, reaa sth
out to, reaa sth through/over, reaa sth well/accurately, reaa
up on sth, reaas well, take it as reaa (that), take sth as reaa,
well-reaa/wiaely-reaa, wiaely reaa

251.
to reave |ri:v|
also reg.
reft |rcIt|
reaved |ri:vd|
reft |rcIt|
reaved |ri:vd|

(lit.) a Iace prpd, a se ine de jaIuri.; a pustii; (Irom) a a Iura,
a lua cu japca de la; (oI) a deposeda, a vduvi de, a despuia de.
Reft of a crown he yet may share the feast.

(1*/,6+DQG$0(5,&$1,55(*8/$59(5%6,1&217(;7 99
252. The suIIix re- is used with the meaning 'again or 'again
and again to indicate repetition, or with the meaning 'back or
'backward to indicate withdrawal or backward motion to the
original state such as in the Iollowing verbs irregular verbs:
rebena, rebina, reblena, rebreak, rebreea, rebuila, rebuy, recast,
rechoose, reclothe, recost, recut, reaig, reao, reaream, rearive,
reefea, refeel, refight, refina, refly, reforecast, refree:e, regira,
regive, regrina, regrip, regrow, rehang, rehear, rehiae, reknit,
relay, relearn, relena, relet, relose, remake, remeet, repay,
repleaa, rereaa, rerise, rerun, resee, reseek, resell, reset, resew,
resit, resow, respreaa, respring, resting, restring, restrive,
reswear, resweep, reswell, retake, reteach, retear, retell, rethink,
rewake, rewear, reweave, rewea, rewet, rewina, rewrite.

253.
to reeve |ri:v| rove |rcov| rove |rcov|
reeved |ri:vd|

a trece (Iunia, odgonul etc.) prin inel, verig, deschiztur etc.;
(despre o nav) to reeve the shoals a-si croi drum printre
bancuri. One ena of the rope was reevea through the chain.

254.
to rend |rcnd| rent |rcnt| rent |rcnt|

a smulge, a sIsia, a dezbina. The racial problem is renaing
the Iraq nation.

255.
to rid |rid|

rid |rid|
ridded ['rididj
(arch.)
rid |rid| (arch.)
ridded ['rididj
(arch.)

a elibera; a scpa (de). To be/get ria of sth/sb. A huge
vaccination program ria the worla of small pox for a long
time.

100
ria sb/sth of sth, ria yourself of sth

256.
to ride |raid| rode |rcod| ridden |'ridn|

a clri (si o biciclet, motocliclet). To riae in a bus/car/on a
train.
be riaing for a fall, be riaing high, let sth riae, riae a bus,
riae a punch/blow, riae a wave, riae away/across/through
etc., riae in, riae on, riae on sbs shoulaers/back, riae on sth,
riae roughshoa over sth, riae sth out, riae up, riae up/aown,
riaing at anchor, roae the elevator

257.
to ring |rip| rang |rp|
rung |r\p|
rung |r\p|

a suna (la sonerie, teleIon) to ring the bell; a suna, a rsuna.
All the stuaents were out of their seats as soon as the bell
rang.
ring (sb) back, ring a bell, ring for, ring hollow, ring in, ring
in the New Year, ring in your ears, ring off, ring out, ring out
the Ola Year, ring rouna (sb), ring sb up, ring sth up, ring the
changes, ring up, ring with

258.
to rise |raiz| rose |rcoz| risen |'rizn|

a se ridica (la lupt), a se ivi, a se scula, a rsri, a izvor. A
slim crescent of moon rose in the sky.
rise above, rise above sth, rise against, rise ana shine, rise
by, rise aramatically/sharply/rapialy/steeply etc., rise from,
(1*/,6+DQG$0(5,&$1,55(*8/$59(5%6,1&217(;7 101
rise from the aeaa/grave, rise from the table/your chair etc.,
rise from/to, rise in revolt/rebellion, rise to, rise to ao sth,
rise to prominence/fame/power, rise to sth, rise to the bait,
rise to the occasion/challenge, rise to the top, risen steaaily,
risen through the ranks, rising crime/unemployment/inflation
etc., rising tiae of

259.
to rive |raiv| rove |rcov|

rived |raivd|
riven |'rivn|
(usu. be riven)
riven |'rivn|

1. a diviza (a Ii divizat): The party was riven by aisagreements
over Europe. He was riven with guilt. 2. (arch.) a despica: He
startea to chop furiously the ary wooa riving ana splintering
unaer the axe.

260.
to run |r\n| ran |rn| run |r\n|

a alerga, a Iugi; a conduce, a administra. To run a business, to
run a race, to run for an office.
be running scarea, come running, come running to, get run
over, keep the engine running, run for ... life, run like hell,
run out of control, run screaming, run a (rea) light, run a
bath, run a check/test/experiment etc., run a
check/test/experiment etc on, run a mile, run a
temperature/fever, run across sb/sth, run after sb/sth, run
against, run along, run arouna, run arouna after sb, run
arouna with sb, run at, run away, run away from, run away
with sb/sth, run away with the iaea/impression (that), run
away with you, run before you can walk, run aown, run aown
sth, run aown/up/to/towaras etc., run arugs/guns, run for, run
for cover, Run for it, run for office, run high, run in, run in
the family, run into hunareas/thousanas etc., run into sb/sth,
run into trouble/problems/aifficulties, run its course, run

102
late/early/on time, run off, run off at the mouth, run off sth,
run off with sb/sth, run on, run on electricity/gas/petrol etc.,
run out, run out of, run out of steam, run out on sb, run over,
run over (sth), run over sth, run rouna, run sb a bath, run sb
off sth, run sb out, run sb out of town, run sb through, run sb
to sth, run sbs life, run sb/sth aown, run sb/sth in, run sb/sth
over, run sth by/past sb, run sth aown, run sth off, run sth
past sb, run sth up, run that by me again, run through, run
through sth, run through/aown, run to, run to ao sth, run to
sb/sth, run up a aebt/bill etc., run up against sth/sb, run up
sth, run with sth, run your eyes over/along etc sth, running
arouna like heaaless chickens, running smoothly, sbs taste
runs to sth, sth will run ana run, well/baaly run, your tongue
runs away with you

6 6 6 6

Indefinite
Infinitive
Past Tense of the
Indicative Mood
Past Participle
261.
to saw |s5:| sawed |s5:d| sawn |s5:n|
sawed |s5:d|
(N. Amer.)

a tia cu Ierstrul. We haa to saw the wooa to the right
length, ana then nail the pieces together.
saw at sth, saw sth off, saw sth up, saw through

262.
to say |sci| said |scd| said |scd|

a spune, a zice, a aIirma. A spokesman saia that the company
haa improvea its safety stanaaras.
(1*/,6+DQG$0(5,&$1,55(*8/$59(5%6,1&217(;7 103
(fust) say the wora, a terrible/silly/strange etc thing to say, all
Im saying is, anything/whatever you say, as they say, be
saying (that), cant say fairer than that, have a lot to say for
yourself, have anything/nothing/something to say, have
something to say about sth, having saia that, if I may say so,
say cheese, say hello/gooabye/thank you etc., say so, say sth
to sb, say sth to sbs face, say to ao sth, say to yourself, say
what you like, that is to say, thats not saying much, to say the
least, you can say that again', you aont say', you know what
they say, you saia it'

263.
to see |si:| saw |s5:| seen |si:n|

a vedea, a zri, a nelege; a consulta; a ntlni. To see a
aoctor. Ally has been seeing an analyst for years.
(Ill) be seeing you', (see ana) be seen, as sb sees it/the way sb
sees it, as we have seen, as you can see, be glaa/pleasea etc to
see the back of sb/sth, be seeing sb, be seeing things, be seen
against the backgrouna of, be seen as (being) sth, be seen to
be aoing sth, be seen to be sth, cant see sb/sth aoing sth, cant
see the point of, can/cant see, ao you see the point, haa to be
seen to be believea, have seen better aays, have/get sth seen
to, I aont see why not, I see, Ill have to see, Ill see what I
can ao, it can be seen that/we can see that, let me see, live to
see the aay, not know what sb sees in sb, not see sb for aust,
not see that it matters, not see the wooa for the trees, not see
to ao sth, see, see (that), see about aoing sth, see about sth,
see above/below, see arouna, see arouna/rouna sth, see at a
glance, see aouble, see eye to eye, see eye to eye on/about,
see eye to eye with, see for yourself, see ... home, see how it
goes/see how things go, see how/what/when etc., see
if/whether, see in, see in the New Year, see more/less of sb,
see myself out, see over sth, see reason/sense, see rea, see
right through me, see sb about sth, see sb arouna, see sb as
sth, see sb coming (a mile off), see sb in, see sb right, see sb
through (sth), see sb/sth as sth, see sb/sth ao sth, see sb/sth

104
aoing sth, see sb/sth off, see sb/sth out, see sth against sth, see
sth coming, see sth for what it is, see sth in sb/sth, see sth out,
see sth through, see sth through sbs eyes, see the foke, see the
last of sb/sth, see the light, see the light of aay, see through,
see through sb/sth, see to it, see to it that, see to sb/sth, see ...
to the aoor, see what ... mean, see what sb/sth can ao, see
what sb/sth can ao about, see what/how/when etc., see
where/what/who etc., see why/what/how etc., see you, see you
arouna, see you in a bit, see you in a while, see you later, see
you tomorrow/at 3/Sunaay etc., see your way (clear) to aoing
sth, see yourself as sth, seen it all before, seen one ... seen
them all, wait ana see

264.
to seek |si:k| sought |s5:t| sought |s5:t|

a cuta. If you are at all worriea about your symptoms, you
shoula seek meaical aavice. He sought revenge against Surkov
for separating him from his wife ana son.
attention-seeking/publicity-seeking, seek (sbs)
aavice/help/assistance etc., seek re-election, seek
refuge/asylum/shelter etc., seek
revenge/aamages/compensation etc., seek sb/sth out, seek to
ao sth, seek your fortune

265.
to sell |scI| sold |scoId| sold |scoId|

a vinde; a (se) vinde. The flowers sola well on March 8.
be sola on (aoing) sth, be/have sola out, sell at/for
100/$50/30p etc., sell like hot cakes, sell out, sell out of, sell
out to, sell sb aown the river, sell sb sth, sell sb/sth short, sell
sth at a profit/loss, sell sth for 100/$50/30p etc., sell sth off,
sell sth to sb, sell up, sell well/baaly, sell your soul (to the
aevil), sell your vote, sell yourself
(1*/,6+DQG$0(5,&$1,55(*8/$59(5%6,1&217(;7 105
266.
to send |scnd| sent |scnt| sent |scnt|

a trimite. He sent a ao:en rea roses to his girlfriena on her
birthaay.
be sent aown, sena (sb) a message/signal, sena away for sth,
sena aown, sena for sb/sth, sena for the aoctor, sena off, sena
off for sth, sena out, sena out for sth, sena sb away/off, sena
sb back/away/over/home etc., sena sb aown, sena sb aown
for, sena sb off, sena sb on sth, sena sb packing, sena sb sth,
sena sb to ao sth, sena sb to sth, sena sb/sth
flying/sprawling/reeling etc., sena sb/sth into sth, sena
shivers/chills up (ana aown) your spine, sena sth back/up/over
etc., sena sth by post/sea/air etc., sena sth aown, sena sth on,
sena sth on to, sena sth out, sena sth through/to/over etc sth,
sena sth to sb/sth, sena sth/sb in, sena sth/sb out, sena sth/sb
up, sena sth off, sena ... to sleep, sena wora, sena wora (to sb)
that/of sth, sena your love/regaras/best wishes etc.

267.
to set |sct| set |sct| set |sct|

a pune, a aseza (down). Gates shoula be hung on sturay posts
set well into the grouna. Anneka was set the huge task by
Christian Aia on behalf of a family who flea from war-torn
Mo:ambique.
be set against sth, be set in sth, be set into sth, be set into the
wall/floor/ceiling etc., set (sb) a goal, set (sb) to work aoing
sth, set (sb) to work on sth, set (yourself) up (as sth), set a
aate/time (for sth), set a recora, set a trap, set about aoing
sth, set about sth/sb, set against a backarop, set an example,
set fire to sth, set forth, set in, set in ... context, set in train the
process, set into, set off, set off for, set on sb, set out, set out
for, set out on a fourney/arive/voyage etc., set out on sth, set
out to ao sth, set out with the iaea/purpose/intention etc of
aoing sth, set ... preceaent, set sb back $50/100 etc., set sb

106
free/loose, set sb off, set sb on sb, set sb on/onto sb, set sb sth,
set sb straight/right, set sb straight/right on, set sb to ao sth,
set sb up, set sb up for, set sb/sth against sb/sth, set sb/sth
apart, set sb/sth apart for, set sb/sth apart from, set sb/sth
back, set sb/sth aoing sth, set stanaaras/limits/guiaelines etc.,
set sth (aown) on sth, set sth against tax, set sth against/besiae
sth, set sth asiae, set sth asiae for, set sth aown/asiae, set sth
forth, set sth in motion/progress/train, set sth off, set sth off
against tax, set sth on fire/alight/abla:e, set sth out, set sth
to/at/on sth, set sth up, set sth/sb aown, set the agenaa, set the
alarm, set the pattern/tone/trena etc (for sth), set the price, set
the stanaara, set the table, set to, set to work to ao sth, set up,
set up a commotion/ain/racket etc., set ... up for life, set ... up
for the aay, set up home/house, set up housekeeping, set up
shop/set up in business, set your heart/mina/sights on (aoing)
sth, set your faw, set yourself against (aoing) sth, set yourself
up as sth

268.
to sew |sco|
also reg.
sewed |scod|
sewed |scod|
sewn |scon|
sewed |scod|

a (se) coase. She sewea the seams ana hemmea the boraer.
have sth sewn up, sew sth on sth, sew sth together, sew sth up

269.
to shake |jcik| shook |jok| shaken |'jcikn|

a zgudui, a cltina, a cutremura; a tremura, a se zgudui. Braa
got up ana shook his legs to get all the grass off.
be shaking in your shoes/boots, sbs voice shakes, shake a leg,
shake aown, shake off your image/reputation as sth, shake on
it, shake out, shake sb aown, shake sbs confiaence/beliefs
etc., shake sbs hana/shake hanas with sb, shake sb/sth aown,
shake sb/sth off, shake sb/sth up, shake sth out, shake sth out
(1*/,6+DQG$0(5,&$1,55(*8/$59(5%6,1&217(;7 107
of/off/from sth, shake with fear/laughter/anger etc., shake with
rage/emotion etc., shake your fist (at sb), shake your heaa,
shaking like a leaf

270.
to shave |jciv| shaved |jcivd| shaven |jcivn|
shaved |jcivd|

a (se) brbieri, a (se) rade. The guest washea, shavea ana haa
his breakfast before going to the conference.
cut ... shaving, shave sth off, shave your heaa/legs/armpits etc.

271.
to shear |jic|
also reg.
sheared |jicd|
sheared |jicd|
shorn |j5:n|
sheared |jicd|

a tunde (oi); a tia (pr, ln, iarb); a nltura de la putere;
(Iig.) a despica (aerul, apa). They were shorn of their hair.
Chimney swifts shearea the air. The cruiser shearea through
the water.
be shorn of sth, shear off, shear sth off

272.
to shed |jcd| shed |jcd| shed |jcd|
Not: De la substantivul shea s-a Iormat verbul regulat:
to shed
shedded |'jcdid| shedded |'jcdid|

1. a vrsa (lacrimi, snge) to shea tears, a scutura (Irunze)
trees shea their leaves; (Iig.) a da jos (kilograme) You neea
to shea a few pounas. The roaa was closea after a lorry shea
its loaa. 2. a parca (un vehicol ntr-un garaj)
shea a loaa, shea blooa, shea ... leaves, shea light, shea light

108
on, shea ... loaa, shea ... skin, shea tears

273.
to shine |jain|
also reg.
shone |jon|
shined |jaind|
shone |jon|
shined |jaind|

1. a strluci. 2. a lustrui (pantoIii, etc.) She coula see the lights
of Hong Kong shining in the aistance. Youa better shine your
shoes before you go out.
shine at/in, shine in/on, shine sth on/at/arouna etc sth, shine
through, shine with, shining example, shining example of

274.
to shit |jit|

shit |jit|
shat |jt|
shit |jit|
shat |jt|
Note: Although considered tabu in spoken English, it is however
used excessively, especially in the USA, in movies and prose,
usually to express social nonconIormism.

(vulg.) a avea scaun. Shit' Ive left my purse at home.
shit (in) your pants, shit on, shit yourself

275.
to shoe |ju:| shod |jod|
shoed |ju:d|
shod |jod|
shoed |ju:d|

a potcovi (caii); a Ii nclat. Bergman aia observe that the
young man was shoa with brana new moccasins of ox hiae.

(1*/,6+DQG$0(5,&$1,55(*8/$59(5%6,1&217(;7 109
276.
to shoot |ju:t| shot |jot| shot |jot|

a trage, a mpusca; a Iilma. To shoot sb aeaa. Armea robbers
who shot at a security guara are still being huntea by police.
have shot your bolt, shoot a gun/rifle etc., shoot at, shoot
bullets/arrows, shoot craps, shoot for/at sth, shoot from the
hip, shoot hoops/baskets, shoot it out (with sb), shoot off,
shoot ... on sight, shoot pool, shoot questions at sb, shoot sb a
look/glance, shoot sb a quick/sharp/warning etc look/glance,
shoot sb in the leg/heaa etc., shoot sb/sth aown, shoot sb/sth
up, shoot the bull/bree:e, shoot the rapias, shoot through,
shoot through/along, shoot to fame/staraom/prominence,
shoot to kill, shoot to number 1/to the top of the charts etc.,
shoot up, shoot up (sth), shoot your loaa, shoot your mouth
off, shoot yourself in the foot, shooting pains, shot aeaa

277.
to show |jco|
also reg.
showed |jcod|
showed |jcod|
shown |jcon|
showed |jcod|
Obs. Sometimes to show is spelt shew-shewea-shewn.

a arta; a indica. His sangfroia showea signs of cracking.
be shown to be/ao sth, have sth to show for sth, Ill show
him/them etc., show (sb) a clean pair of heels, show (sb) whos
boss, show (that), show a leg', show ... emotions, show how,
show off, show sb (that), show sb arouna (sth), show sb how,
show sb how to ao sth, show sb in a gooa/baa etc light, show
sb out/in, show sb over sth, show sb sth, show sb the aoor,
show sb to/into sth, show sb up, show sb where, show sb/sth
to be sth, show signs of, show sth off, show sth to sb, show sth
up, show the way, show ... the way, show up, show what,
show your face, show your hana, show ... interest in,
stuaies/eviaence/research etc shows


110
278. to shred
|jrcd|
shred
|jrcd|
shredded |'jrcdid|
shred
|jrcd|
shredded |'jrcdid|

a rupe sau a tia n bucele. They shrea the contract, so there
was no proof of their agreement. Shrea the mo::arella cheese
ana sprinkle it on the pi::a.

279. to shrink
|jripk|
shrank
|jrpk|
shrunk
|jr\pk|
shrunk
|jr\pk|

a Iace s se strng; a se strnge, a se micsora, a intra la ap.
My sweater shrank in the aryer.
shrink from aoing sth, shrink from sth, shrink to

280. to shrive
[jraivj
shrove
[jrcovj
shrived [jraivdj
shriven
|'jrivn|
shrived [jraivdj

(arch.) (oI a priest) a asculta spovedania cuiva, a-i da canoane
si a ierta. to shrive oneself - a se spovedi. The resiaent parson
woula sing his aaily Mass ana come in to shrive the sick.

281.
to shut |j\t| shut |j\t| shut |j\t|

a nchide; a se nchide. She heara Charlotte aownstairs
shutting the winaows, ana locking up for the night.

(1*/,6+DQG$0(5,&$1,55(*8/$59(5%6,1&217(;7 111
be shut off from sth, shut (sb) up, shut (sb) up about, shut (sth)
behina sb, shut aown, shut everything out, shut ... eyes, shut
off, shut out, shut out sb, shut sb aown, shut sb in (sth), shut
sb out, shut sb out from, shut sb up, shut sb up in, shut sb/sth
away, shut sb/sth out, shut sb/sth out from, shut sth aown,
shut sth in the aoor/arawer etc., shut sth off, shut sth up, shut
sth out, shut the aoor/arawer etc on sth, shut up, shut up
shop, shut your eyes/ears to sth, shut your mouth/face/trap',
shut yourself away, shut yourself away in, shut yourself in
(sth), shut yourself off, shut yourself off from

282.
to sing |sip| sang |sp|
sung |s\p|
sung |s\p|

a cnta (din gur). Anyone who coula play an instrument or
sing in tune was enlistea to take part in the concert.
be singing from the same hymn sheet/book, sing ... to sleep,
sing a aifferent tune, sing along, sing along to, sing in tune,
sing out, sing out (sth), sing past, sing sb sth, sing sbs
praises, sing to, sing up

283.
to sink|sipk| sank |spk|
sunk |s\pk|

sunk |s\pk|
sunken |'s\pkcn|
(Note: numai adj.
sunken eyes, a
sunken ship, a
sunken treasure)

a scuIunda; a se cuIunda, a cobor. To sink into aespair, to
sink to your knees, to sink into crisis/chaos.
be sunk, have a sinking feeling, sink to ... knees, sink to the
bottom of, sink in, sink into, sink into/to/aown/back etc., sink

112
or swim, sink so low, sink sth in/into sth, sink sth into sth, sink
to, sink to/into, sink without trace, sink your aifferences,
sinking fast, sinking feeling, your heart sinks

284.
to sit |sit| sat |st| sat |st|

a sedea. A woman in a huge hat came ana sat right in front of
us.
be sitting pretty, not sit well/easily/comfortably (with sb), sit
arouna, sit at a aesk/table etc., sit back, sit back ana ., sit
back ana relax, sit by, sit aoing sth, sit aown, sit aown ana ao
sth, sit for, sit here, sit in, sit in for sb, sit in fuagment
(on/over sb), sit in on, sit in/on, sit it out, sit on sth, sit on the
fence, sit on your hanas, sit on/in etc., sit on/in/by etc., sit sb
aown, sit sb aown in/on, sit sb on/in etc sth, sit sb up, sit sb up
in/on etc., sit sth out, sit still, sit there, sit through sth, sit
tight, sit up, sit up (ana take notice), sit up straight, sit
yourself aown, Sit', sitting cross-leggea, sitting upright

285.
to slay |sIci| slew |sIu:| slain |sIcin|

(arh. sau literar) a ucide (ntr-un mod violent). Thousanas
were slain in the battle.

286.
to sleep |sIi:p| slept |sIcpt| slept |sIcpt|

a dormi. I aiant sleep very well last night, so I coulant
concentrate on the exam.
coulant sleep, let sleeping aogs lie, sleep arouna, sleep in,
sleep it off, sleep late, sleep on it, sleep over, sleep rough,
sleep sth off, sleep through, sleep through (sth), sleep through
(1*/,6+DQG$0(5,&$1,55(*8/$59(5%6,1&217(;7 113
sth, sleep tight, sleep together, sleep two/four/six etc., sleep
well, sleep with sb, sleep a wink, sleep baaly, sleep fitfully,
sleep like a log, sleep peacefully

287.
to slide |sIaid| slid |sIid| slid |sIid|

a Iace s alunece; a aluneca, a se da pe ghea. Harry slia
across the bench so he was sitting next to me.
let it sliae, let sth sliae, slia open, sliae along/across/aown
etc., sliae into, sliae into/out of etc., sliae sth across/along
etc., sliae sth into/out of etc sth

288.
to sling |sIip|

slung |sI\p| slung |sI\p|

a arunca; a purta (o hain, etc., lejer aruncat pe umr): She
slung her coat over her shoulaer.
sling sb into/out of sth, sling sb sth, sling your hook, slung ...
over ... shoulaer

289.
to slink |sIipk| slunk |sI\pk| slunk |sI\pk|

a pleca pe nesimite, a se Iace nevzut; a intra pe Iuris. A cat
namea Frea slunk past his legs as we heaaea for the bearoom.

290.
slit |sIit| slit |sIit| slit |sIit|

a despica; a tia. To slit open an envelope. To slit smb.s
throat.


114
slit open, slit sbs throat, slit your wrists

291.
to smell |smcI|

also reg.
smelt |smcIt|
(esp. BrE)
smelled |smcId|
(esp. AmE)
smelt |smcIt|
(esp. BrE)
smelled |smcId|
(esp. AmE)

a mirosi, a adulmeca. That soup smells aelicious. The car
smelt (smellea) of leather ana wooa.
smell a rat, smell like, smell of, smell sb/sth out, smell
trouble/aanger etc., smell wrong/fishy/oaa etc., sweet-
smelling/foul-smelling etc.

292.
to smite |smait| smote |'smcot| smitten |'smitn|

a izbi; (Iig.) His conscience smote him. He is completely
smitten with her/by her.

293.
to sneak |sni:k| snuck |sn\k|
(AmE)
sneaked |sni:kt|
(AmE)
snuck |sn\k|
(AmE)
sneaked |sni:kt|
(AmE)

a (se) Iurisa, a (se) strecura, a se eschiva.
sneak a look/glance/peek, sneak in/out/away etc., sneak on sb,
sneak sth from sb, sneak sth through/past etc sb/sth, sneak up,
sneak up on/behina etc.

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294.
to sow |sco|
also reg.
sowed |scod|
sowed |scod|
sown |'scon|
sowed |scod|

a nsmna, a planta; fig. a rspndi. The fiela is sown with
oats. The seeas of aissension were sown.
sow aoubt/confusion/aissatisfaction etc., sow sth with sth, sow
your wila oats, sowing the seeas of

295.
to speak |spi:k| spoke |spcok| spoken |'spcokn|

a vorbi, a spune, a enuna. At the convention Fora spoke on
immigration ana social issues.
be not speaking/not be on speaking terms, be spoken for,
can/cant speak sth, aont speak a wora of, French-
speaking/Italian-speaking etc., no ... to speak of, not to speak
to, so to speak, speak as a parent/teacher/aemocrat etc.,
speak at, speak for itself/themselves, speak for sb/sth, speak
for yourself, speak in favour of/against, speak of, speak of sth,
speak out, speak out about/against, speak out of turn, speak
the same language, speak to, speak to sb about sth, speak to
sb/sth, speak up, speak up for sb, speak volumes (about/for
sth), speak well/highly/ill of sb, speak with, speak with one
voice, speak your mina, strictly/generally/roughly speaking

296.
to speed |spi:d|
As a regular
verb:
sped |spcd|
speeded |'spi:did|
sped |spcd|
speeded |'spi:did|

1. a se grbi; a goni, a se deplasa repede. auto. a depsi viteza
admis. We got into the car ana home we spea. 2. a grbi
(ceva). The M.P. pullea some strings ana speeaea his law
profect through the bureaucracy of Parliamentary

116
commissions.
be speeaing, speea by, speea sth up, speea up

297.
to spell |spcI|

also reg.
spelt |spcIt|
(esp. BrE)
spelled |spcId|
(esp. AmE)
spelt |spcIt|
(esp. BrE)
spelled |spcId|
(esp. AmE)

a vrji; a citi liter cu liter; (Iig.) a nsemna. Such a scanaal
coula spell trouble for the government.
How ao you spell, spell out how/what etc., spell sth out, spell
sth wrong/wrongly, spell trouble/aisaster/aanger etc.

298. to spend
|spcnd|
spent
|spcnt|
spent
|spcnt|

a cheltui, a consuma, a petrece (timpul). He spent the whole
morning reaaing the report. I bought two skirts ana a T-shirt
ana I only spent $50.
money well spent, spena a penny, spena ... money, spena sth
on sb, spena sth on sth, spena the night (at sth), spena the
night with sb, spena time etc aoing sth, spena time etc in/at
sth, spena time etc with sb, spena 5/$10 etc

299.
to spill |spiI|

also reg.
spilt |spiIt|
(esp. BrE)
spilled [spiIdj
(esp. AmE)
spilt |spiIt|
(esp. BrE)
spilled [spiIdj
(esp. AmE)

a vrsa, a rsturna; a da pe dinaIar. A tanker has run agrouna,
(1*/,6+DQG$0(5,&$1,55(*8/$59(5%6,1&217(;7 117
spilling 60,000 gallons of oil into the sea.
spill blooa, spill into/onto sth, spill on/over etc., spill
out/into/onto etc., spill over, spill over into, spill sth
aown/on/over sth, spill the beans, spill your guts

300.
to spin |spin| spun |sp\n|
span [spnj
(arch.)
spun |sp\n|

a (se) rsuci, a (se) nvrti, a (se) toarce. I sat back ana
watchea the ceiling fan spin above me.
sbs heaa is spinning, spin (sth/sb) arouna, spin a
tale/story/yarn, spin off, spin off from, spin out, spin
past/along etc., spin sth off, spin sth out, spin sth out over,
spin your wheels

301.
to spit |spit|

also reg.
spat |spt| (Br.E)
spit |spit| (Am.E)
spitted |'spitid|
spat |spt| (BrE)
spit |spit| (Am.E)
spitted |'spitid|

1. a scuipa (si Iig.). The volcano began rumbling ana spitting
ash on July 3. 2. a pune/a Iace la Irigruie, a strpunge carnea
cu o tij de lemn pentru a o prji la Ioc deschis: He spittea the
rabbit ana cookea it.
be spitting, be within spitting aistance (of sth), spit at/on/into,
spit it out, spit sth out, spit sth up, spit up

302.
to split |spIit| split |spIit| split |spIit|

a despica; (Iig.) a split aecision, a splitting heaaache. A metal

118
tube split open in the steam generator of the nuclear power
plant.
be split on/over sth, aeeply split, split (sth) in two/half, split
from, split hairs, split ... heaa open, split into, split ... lip,
split off, split off from, split on sb, split open, split sb up, split
sth between sb/sth, split sth in two/aown the miaale, split sth
into sth, split sth off, split sth off from, split sth three/four etc
ways, split sth up, split sth up into, split sth with sb, split
sth/sb up, split the cost, split the aifference, split up, split up
with, split with/from, split your siaes

303.
to spoil |sp5iI|

also reg.
spoilt |sp5iIt|
(Br.E)
spoiled |sp5iId|
spoilt |sp5iIt|
(Br.E)
spoiled |sp5iId|

a prda, a jeIui; a strica, a deteriora (un obiect); a strica (o
plcere); a rzgia, a strica caracterul cuiva (prin rsI,
indulgen etc.). A baaly positionea path can spoil the
appearance of a garaen. Danny was her favourite granason
ana she spoilt him rotten.
be spoiling for a fight/argument, spoil everything, spoil ...
rotten, spoil yourself

304. to spoon-feed
[spu:n'Ii:dj
spoon-fed
[spu:n'Icdj
spoon-fed
[spu:n'Icdj

a da prea multe inIormaii sau ajutor cuiva; a hrni un copil cu
lingura. Teachers shoula avoia spoon-feeaing facts to
stuaents.

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305. to spotlight
|'spotIait|
also reg.
spotlit |'spotIit|
spotlighted
|'spotIaitid|
spotlit |'spotIit|
spotlighted
|'spotIaitid|

a atrage atenia asupra cuiva sau asupra a ceva. The article
spotlights the growth of Islam in the U.S.

306. to spread
|sprcd|
spread
|sprcd|
spread
|sprcd|

a (se) ntinde, a (se) rspndi. After she aiea at a San Jose
hospital, wora spreaa fast.
be spreaa (too) thin/thinly, evenly spreaa, spreaa (from sth) to
sth, Spreaa ... evenly, spreaa lies/rumours/gossip, spreaa like
wilafire, spreaa out, spreaa over, spreaa over/across, spreaa
rapialy, spreaa seeas/manure/fertili:er, spreaa sth on/over
sth, spreaa sth out, spreaa sth out over, spreaa sth over sth,
spreaa sth over/across/on sth, spreaa sth with sth, spreaa the
loaa/buraen, spreaa through, spreaa throughout, spreaa
to/through/over etc., spreaa your wings, spreaa yourself too
thin, spreaaing the wora

307. to spring
|sprip|
sprang
|sprp|
sprung |spr\p|
(AmE)
sprung
|spr\p|

a sri, a tsni (si Iig.). A wina sprang from the east, an iaea of
rain, suaaen, pervaaing the air.
spring a leak, spring a surprise, spring a trap, spring
back/up, spring for sth, spring from sth, spring into action,

120
spring into existence/being, spring open/shut, spring out at
sb, spring out of/from, spring sth on sb, spring to (sbs) mina,
spring to attention, spring to sbs aia/assistance, spring to sbs
aefence, spring up, tears spring to/into sbs eyes

308. to stand
|stnd|
stood
|stod|
stood
|stod|

a sta n picioare, a se ridica. A hunarea policemen stooa arm-
in-arm in front of the cathearal.
as it stanas, can stana sb aoing sth, cant stana, cant stana
(sb/sth) aoing sth, cant stana the sight of, cant stana to ao
sth, can/coula stana sth, from where I stana, I stana
correctea, if you cant stana the heat, get out of the kitchen, it
stanas to reason (that), know where you stana (with sb), not
stana for sth, not stana on ceremony, sb can ao sth stanaing
on their heaa, sb coula stana to ao sth, sb/sth coula stana sth,
stana (sb) aown, stana (somewhere) aoing sth, stana a
chance/hope (of aoing sth), stana accusea (of sth), stana
against sb/sth, stana alone, stana arouna, stana at, stana
back/asiae, stana bail, stana by, stana by for, stana by sb,
stana by sth, stana by to ao sth, stana clear of sth, stana
aown, stana aown as, stana empty/iale, stana firm/stana fast,
stana firm/stana fast on/against, stana for, stana for sth, stana
guara (over sb/sth), stana in, stana in awe of sb, stana in for,
stana in line, stana in sbs way, stana on tiptoe/stana on your
toes, stana on your heaa/hanas, stana on your own (two) feet,
stana on/in, stana or fall by/on sth, stana out, stana out
against sth, stana out as, stana out from/among/above, stana
over sb, stana pat, stana pat on, stana preparea/reaay to ao
sth, stana sb (up) on sth, stana sb a arink/meal etc., stana sb
to, stana sb up, stana sth on/in etc sth, stana still, stana tall,
stana the test of time, stana there, stana to, stana to attention,
stana to ao sth, stana to gain, stana to gain/lose/win/make,
stana trial, stana trial for/on, stana unitea/aiviaea, stana up,
stana up ana be countea, stana up for sb/sth, stana up in
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court, stana up to, stana up to sb/sth, stana up to/unaer, the
way things stana

309.
to stave |stciv| stove |stcov|
staved |stcivd|
stove |stcov|
staved |stcivd|

a desIunda, a sparge (un butoi); a lsa s curg (vinul, etc.); a
pune doage la. The aoor was stavea in.
stave off hunger, stave sth in, stave sth off

310.
to steal |sti:I| stole |stcoI| stolen |'stcoIn|

a Iura; a se Iurisa. To steal someones heart. He stole aown to
the kitchen ana arank ana arank all the coke from the friage.
steal a kiss, steal a look/glance etc., steal a march on sb, steal
from, steal into/across etc., steal sbs heart, steal sbs thunaer,
steal sth from sb, steal the show/limelight/scene

311.
to stick |stikj stuck |st\kj stuck |st\kj

a nIige, a lipi; a se ine, a se Iixa. He stuck his fork into the
sausage. She stuck the stamp on the envelope.
be stuck with sth/sb, cant stick, cant stick aoing sth, make sth
stick, make the charges stick, sb can stick sth, stick em up,
stick (sth) in/into/through sth, stick arouna, stick at it, stick at
nothing, stick at nothing to ao sth, stick at sth, stick by a
aecision/promise etc., stick by sb/sth, stick in sbs mina, stick
in sbs throat, stick in sbs throat/gullet, stick it, stick it out,
stick it to sb, stick out, stick out for sth, stick out
of/from/through etc., stick out to sb/stick out in sbs mina,

122
stick sth on/to/in etc sth, stick to aoing sth, stick to sbs ribs,
stick to sth, stick to the path/roaa etc., stick to the
point/subfect/facts, stick to the rules, stick to the/your knitting,
stick to the/your story, stick to ... wora, stick to your
aecision/principles etc., stick to your guns, stick to/together,
stick together, stick ... tongue out, stick up, stick up for sb,
stick up for yourself, stick up from/out of/through etc., stick
with it, stick with sth/sb, stick your neck out

312.
to sting |stip| stung |st\p| stung |st\p|

a nepa. He was stung by a mosquito.
sting sb for sth, sting sb into (aoing) sth

313.
to stink |stipk| stank |stpk|
stunk |st\pk|
stunk |st\pk|
stunk |st\pk|

a alunga prin Ium sau miros urt; a pui. The arivers breath
stank of arink.
stink to high heaven, stink of, stink sth out

314.
to strew |stru:|
also reg.
strewed |stru:d|
strewed |stru:d|
strewn |stru:n|
strewed |stru:d|

a mprstia, a presra. There were a lot of books ana
newspapers strewn on the floor. Leaves strewea the path.
be strewn with sth, strew sth arouna/about/over etc sth,
strewn with sth

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315.
to stride |straid| strode |strcod| stridden |'stridn|
(rare)
strid |strid| (rare)
strode |strcod|

a ncleca; a psi, a Iace pasi mari (si Iig.). He stroae across
the roaa. Striaing confiaently towaras the future.
striae across/into/aown etc.

316. to strike
|straik|
struck
|str\k|
struck
|str\k|
stricken |'strikn|
(only as a negative
adjective)

1. a lovi, a izbi, a aprinde (a match), a descoperi, a bate, a
veni (n mintea cuiva) It strikes me .; a bate, a Iace grev.
One aemonstrator was struck on the heaa with a
baton/truncheon. 2. The farms were arought stricken, stricken
with panic/grief.
be struck by sth, be struck aumb, be struck off, be struck with
horror/terror/awe etc., be within striking aistance, aisaster
struck, it strikes sb as strange/oaa etc that, it strikes sb that,
strike a balance (between sth), strike a bargain/aeal, strike a
blow at/against/to sth, strike a blow for sb/sth, strike a chora,
strike a chora with, strike a happy/cheerful/cautious etc note,
strike a match, strike a pose/attituae, strike at, strike ... at the
heart of, strike back, strike back at, strike for, strike gola,
strike gola/oil etc., strike home, strike it lucky, strike it rich,
strike on/upon sth, strike out, strike out at, strike out on your
own, strike sb as (being) sth, strike sb aeaa, strike sb aown,
strike sb out, strike sb/sth off, strike sth out, strike sth with
sth, strike terror/fear into sbs heart, strike the hour, strike the

124
right balance, strike ... the right note, strike up, strike up
(sth), strike up a frienaship/relationship/conversation etc.,
strike while the iron is hot

317.
to string |strip| strung |str\p| strung |str\p|

a nsira; a se nsira. The 200 houses are strung along a narrow
5-mile roaa.
be strung (out) along/across etc sth, string along, string along
with, string sb along, string sb up, string sth along/across etc
sth, string sth out, string sth together, string woras/a sentence
together

318. to strive
|straiv|
also reg.
strove
|strcov|
strived [straivdj
striven
|'strivn|
strived [straivdj

a se strdui, a se lupta. Romanias economy must strive to
secure steaay growth. He strove to make himself unaerstooa.
strive for/after, strive to ao sth

319. to sublet
[s\b'Ictj
sublet
[s\b'Ictj
sublet
[s\b'Ictj

a subnchiria, a subarenda. I sublet my apartment to my sister,
packea my van, ana heaaea west.
sublet sth to sb

(1*/,6+DQG$0(5,&$1,55(*8/$59(5%6,1&217(;7 125
320. to sunburn
|'s\nba:n|
also reg.
sunburnt
|'s\nba:nt|
sunburned
|'s\nba:nd|
sunburnt
|'s\nba:nt|
sunburned
|'s\nba:nd|

a Ii ars de soare din cauza expunerii excesive la soare.

321.
to swear |swcc| swore |sw5:| sworn |sw5:n|

a jura; a jura, a njura. During the ceremony you swear that
you will serve the country loyally. He swore angrily when he
reali:ea hea missea the train.
coulant swear to it, sb coula have sworn (that), swear (that),
swear allegiance, swear at, swear blina, swear by sth, swear
on, swear on your honour, swear sb in, swear sb to
secrecy/silence, swear to ao sth, swear to Goa, swear an oath

322.
to sweat |swct| sweat |swct|
sweated |'swctid|
sweat |swct|
sweated |'swctid|

a transpira (si Iig.). The arying figs sweat tiny arops of
moisture.
aont sweat it, aont sweat the small stuff, sweat blooa/sweat
your guts out, sweat bullets, sweat heavily/profusely, sweat
like a pig/sweat buckets, sweat over, sweat sth off, sweat sth
out


126
323.
to sweep |swi:p| swept |swcpt| swept |swcpt|

a mtura. Can you help me sweep up all the pieces of
glass/floor?
sweep across/through etc., sweep aown/along etc., sweep
into/through etc., sweep over, sweep over/across/arouna etc.,
sweep sb along, sweep sb away, sweep sb off their feet, sweep
sb up, sweep sb/sth away, sweep sth asiae, sweep sth away,
sweep sth back/up, sweep sth off/out/up etc., sweep sth up,
sweep the boara, sweep the country/nation/state etc., sweep
through/along etc., sweep to power/victory, sweep up,
sweep/brush sth unaer the carpet

324.
to swell |swcI|
also reg.
swelled |swcId|
swelled |swcId|
swollen |'swcoIn|
swelled |swcId|

a se umIla, a mri The population was swollen by refugees.
The murmur swellea to a roar.
swell the ranks/numbers of sth, swell to, swell with
priae/anger etc.

325.
to swim |swim| swam |swm|
swum |sw\m|
swum |sw\m|

a traversa not; a nota. Just as he was beginning to get
worriea in case she haa gone too far, she turnea ana swam
back.
be swimming in sth, go swimming, swim against the
tiae/current etc., swim arouna/across etc., swim in

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326.
to swing |swip| swung |sw\p| swung |sw\p|

a legna; a se cltina, a se da n leagn; a misca nainte si
napoi. Swing your arms loosely at your siaes.
mooa ... swing, swing arouna/rouna, swing at sb/sth (with
sth), swing both ways, swing by, swing by (sth), swing from
sth to sth, swing in ... favour, swing into action, swing it,
swing open/shut, swing sth at sb/sth, swing sth by sth, swing
sth/sb arouna/rouna, swing the leaa, swing to the Right/Left,
swing votes, swinging ... back ana forth, swing ... from siae to
siae

7 7 7 7

Indefinite
Infinitive
Past Tense of the
Indicative Mood
Past Participle
327.
to take |tcik| took |tok| taken |'tcikn|

a lua, a primi, a accepta, a consuma. All freshmen have to take
at least one composition course.
be taken aback, be taken ill/sick, be taken in, be taken up with
sth, be taken with/by sth, cant take any more, career ... taking
off, ao you take sugar/milk?, hara to take, have what it takes,
I take it, I take your point/point taken, not take kinaly to, sb
can take it or leave it, take (sb) ages/forever, take (sb) sth (to
ao sth), take a bena/fence/corner etc., take a aay/the
afternoon etc off, take a hammering/beating, take a lot out of
you/take it out of you, take a picture/photograph/photo, take a
seat, take ... aavice, take after sb, take against sb/sth, take
away from sth, take comfort from the fact that, take comfort
from/in (aoing) sth, take control/charge/power, take
courage/guts, take aelight/pleasure/priae etc in (aoing) sth,

128
take arugs, take ... further, take it as reaa/given, take it from
me, take it out on, take it upon/on yourself to ao sth, take
notes, take off, take offence, take out a policy/infunction/loan
etc., take over, take pity on sb, take samples, take sb for sth,
take sb in, take sb off, take sb on, take sb out, take sb out for,
take sb out of themselves, take sb sth, take sb to ao sth, take
sb up on an offer/a promise/a suggestion etc., take sb up on
sth, take sbs wora for it/take it from sb, take sb/sth (for
example), take sb/sth apart, take sb/sth away, take sb/sth
back, take sb/sth for sth, take sb/sth in, take sb/sth in/by sth,
take sb/sth on, take sb/sth out, take sb/sth
seriously/baaly/personally etc., take sb/sth to be sth, take
sb/sth to/into etc sth, take sb/sth with you, take some aoing,
take sth as eviaence/proof (of sth), take sth as sth, take sth
away/take sth (away) from sth, take sth back, take sth aown,
take sth from sth, take sth in, take sth off, take sth off (sth),
take sth off/from etc sth, take sth on, take sth out, take sth out
on sb, take sth over, take sth to bits/pieces, take sth to/into
sth, take sth up, take sth up with, take the
creait/blame/responsibility, take the leaa, take the matter up,
take time off (work/school), take to aoing sth, take to sb/sth,
take ... to the top, take to your bea, take up a post/a
position/auties etc., take up space/room, take up the
challenge/gauntlet, take up with sb/sth, take your
anger/frustration etc out on sb, take your breath away, taken
in for questioning, taken prisoner, take ... calls, take a
statement, take an overaose, take ... interest in, take to ...
straight away, take up the invitation, what ao you take me
for?

328.
to teach |ti:tj| taught |t5:t| taught |t5:t|

a preda, a nva pe cineva. Granapa taught me a new cara
trick.
teach (sb) English/mathematics/history etc., teach at, teach sb
(how) to ao sth, teach sb (sth) about sth, teach sb a lesson,
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teach sb sth, teach sb that, teach sb to ao sth, teach
school/college etc., teach sth to sb, teach your granamother
(to suck eggs), thatll teach you (to ao sth), you cant teach an
ola aog new tricks

329.
to tear |tcc| tore |t5:| torn |t5:n|

a sIsia, a smulge. To tear sth to pieces/bits/shrea, to tear an
envelope open.
be in a tearing hurry, be tearing your hair out, be torn, be
torn between, tear at sb/sth, tear into sb/sth, tear loose, tear
sb away, tear sb away from, tear sb limb from limb, tear sb
off a strip/tear a strip off sb, tear sbs heart (out)/tear at sbs
heart, tear sb/sth apart, tear sb/sth to shreas/pieces, tear sth
apart, tear sth aown, tear sth from sb/sth, tear sth off, tear sth
off sth, tear sth on sth, tear sth out (of sth), tear sth up, tear
up an agreement/a contract etc., thats torn it', tear ... open,
tear ... to pieces, tear a ... hole in, torn to shreas, war-torn

330. to telecast
|'tcIiko:st|
telecast |'tcIiko:st| telecast |'tcIiko:st|

a diIuza la televizor. This programme will be telecast
simultaneously to nearly 150 cities in America.

331.
to tell |tcI| told |tcoId| told |tcoId|

a relata, a spune. He tola me about his time in the aelta.
all tola, be/get tola off, can/cant tell, ao as you are tola, aont
tell me, hara to tell, I can tell you/Im telling you, I cant tell
you, I cant tell you how/why/what etc., I coulant tell you, I

130
tola you so, Ill tell you something/one thing/another thing,
Im not telling (you), I/Ill tell you what, sb tells me (that), tell
(sb) a story/foke/secret/lie, tell (sth) a mile off, tell (that), tell
against sb, tell ... all about, tell ... exactly, tell it like it is, tell
me, tell me about it, tell me another (one), tell of sb/sth, tell
on sb, tell sb (not) to ao sth, tell sb (that), tell sb about sth,
tell sb how/what/where/who etc., tell sb off, tell sb off for
aoing sth, tell sb sth, tell sb straight, tell sb what/how etc., tell
sb what/how/where/who etc., tell sb where to go/where to get
off, tell sb/sth apart, tell sth by sth/from sth, tell sth from sth,
tell tales, tell the aifference between, tell the time, tell
when/how/whether/if etc., tell yourself sth, telling the truth,
that woula be telling, theres no telling what/how etc., to tell
(you) the truth, you can tell him from me, you never can
tell/you can never tell

332.
to think |Oipk| thought |O5:t| thought |O5:t|

a gndi, a socoti, a crede, a-si nchipui. Ive been thinking
about how to tell Marcia the baa news. I never thought her
business woula be so successful.
I aont think so, (fust) think, (fust) think of, (now I) come to
think of it, Am I right in thinking that, anyone woula think
(that), be thinking of sb, be thought to be (aoing) sth, ao you
think (that) ...?, Dont even think about, honestly think, I cant
help thinking, I areaa/shuaaer/hate to think, I shoula have
thought, I think, I think Ill, I think not, I think so, I thought
(that), I thought as much, I wasnt thinking, I woula think, if
you think...,youve got another think coming', fust think
what/how etc., not think much of sb/sth, not think to ao sth,
thats what you/they etc think', think (long ana) hara, think
(that), think about/of, think again, think again about, think
aloua, think back, think back to/over/on, think baaly of sb,
think baaly of sb for, think better of it, think big, think for
yourself, think highly of sb/sth, think it necessary/possible/best
etc., think it over, think it through, think kinaly of, think
(1*/,6+DQG$0(5,&$1,55(*8/$59(5%6,1&217(;7 131
nothing of aoing sth, think nothing of sth, think of sb/sth, think
of sb/sth as sth, think of yourself as sth, think of/about aoing
sth, think on your feet, think only of yourself, think out
what/how/whether etc., think outsiae the box, think
positive/positively, think sb (to be) sth, think sth out, think sth
over, think sth through, think sth up, think straight, think the
best/worst of sb, think the worla of sb, think things out, think
things over, think things through, think through what/how,
think to ao sth, think twice, think twice about, think twice
before aoing sth/before you ao sth, think what/how/when etc.,
think where/what etc., thinking aeeply, thinking in terms of,
thought nothing of it, thought to herself, to think (that) ...',
what ao you think of/about sb/sth?, who woula have thought?,
who/what etc ao you think?, you woula have thought (that)

333. to thrive
|Oraiv|
also reg.
throve
|Orcov|
thrived |Oraivd|
thriven
|'Orivn|
thrived |Oraivd|

a prospera, a-i reusi, a-i merge bine. Chilaren thrive when
given plenty of love ana attention. This type of plant thrives in
cool conaitions.
thrive on sth

334.
to throw [Orco| threw |Oru:| thrown |Orcon|

a arunca, a azvrli. A small plane was liftea up ana thrown
across the tarmac by a freak gust of wina.
be thrown back on sth, throw open, throw ... to the grouna,
throw a fit/tantrum, throw a light/shaaow, throw a
match/game/fight, throw a party, throw a pot, throw a punch,
throw a question/remark etc (at sb), throw a
switch/hanale/lever, throw caution to the wina(s), throw

132
aice/a six/a four etc., throw aoubt on sth, throw in the
sponge/towel, throw in your hana, throw light on sth, throw
money at sth, throw ... out on the street, throw sb a
look/glance/smile etc., throw sb in/into prison/fail, throw sb
out of work/office etc., throw sb over, throw sb sth, throw
sb/sth into confusion/chaos/aisarray etc., throw sb/sth off,
throw sb/sth out, throw sb/sth together, throw sth (back) in
sbs face, throw sth at sb/sth, throw sth away, throw sth in,
throw sth on, throw sth open, throw sth open to, throw sth to
sb, throw sth up, throw suspicion on sb, throw the baby out
with the bath water, throw the book at sb, throw up, throw up
your hanas (in horror/aismay etc), throw your voice, throw
your weight arouna, throw your weight behina sb/sth, throw
yourself at sb, throw yourself at/on/into/aown etc., throw
yourself into sth, throwing ... into the air

335.
to thrust |Or\st| thrust |Or\st| thrust |Or\st|

a nIige, a mpinge cu putere (brusc si violent.): He thrust his
hanas into his pockets. They thrust their way through the
bramble cane. The young singer was thrust into the limelight.
thrust at, thrust sth asiae, thrust sth upon/on sb

336.
to toss |tos| tossed |tost|
tost |tost| (lit.)
tossed |tost|
tost |tost| (lit.)

a azvrli, a arunca. Torn between passing the letter to Alice or
Amelia, Robert tossea a coin ana settlea on the latter. Two
girls passea by ana tossea coins into his small plastic cup.
toss (sb) for it, toss (sb) off, toss a pancake, toss ana turn,
toss off, toss sb sth, toss sth arouna/about, toss sth asiae/over
etc., toss sth into/onto etc sth, toss sth off, toss sth to sb, toss
sth/sb out, toss sth/sb out of, toss your heaa/hair
(1*/,6+DQG$0(5,&$1,55(*8/$59(5%6,1&217(;7 133

337.
to tread |trcd| trod |trod| trodden |'trodn|
trod |trod|

a clca, a bttori; He troa lightly, trying to make as little
contact with mua as possible.
treaa a path, treaa carefully/warily/cautiously etc., treaa
grapes, treaa in/on, treaa sth into/onto/over sth, treaa the
boaras, treaa water

8 8 8 8

Indefinite
Infinitive
Past Tense of the
Indicative Mood
Past Participle
338. to unbend
|\n'bcnd|
unbent
|\n'bcnt|

unbent
|\n'bcnt|

a ndrepta, a ntinde, a desIace; a destinde, a relaxa. If only he
coula unbena ana relax, even give a genuine smile or make a
pleasantry.

339. to unbind
|\n'baind|

unbound
|\n'baond|
unbound
|\n'baond|

a dezlega, a deIace; (Iig.) a elibera. Many young people ao not
know how to unbina the strictures which restrain the full foy in
marriage.


134
340. to unbuild
|\n'biIdj
unbuilt
|\n'biItj
unbuilt
|\n'biItj

a demola sau distruge ceva (n special o cldire sau un sistem).
They unbuilt all the houses on the bank of the river ana built a
private beach.

341. to underbid
|\ndc'bid|
underbid
|\ndc'bid|
underbid
|\ndc'bid|
underbidden
|\ndc'bidn|

a Iace o oIert mai mic; a licita sub preul anunat. He
unaerbia for the painting on purpose because he knew that
there were not many people in the room who knew its true
value.

342. undercut
|\ndc'k\t|
undercut
|\ndc'k\t|
undercut
|\ndc'k\t|

a tia n partea de jos sau de dedesubt (a unei stni, etc.); a
oIeri bunuri sau servicii la un pre mai mic dect un
competitor: These inaustries have been unaercut by more
efficient foreign proaucers.

343. to undergo
|\ndc'gco|
underwent
|\ndc'wcnt|
undergone
|\ndc'gon|

a suIeri (schimbri). To unaergo a change/transformations, to
unaergo tests/trials.
unaergo ... training, unaergo ... treatment, unaergoing tests,
(1*/,6+DQG$0(5,&$1,55(*8/$59(5%6,1&217(;7 135
unaergo changes

344. to underlay
|\ndc'Ici|
underlaid
|\ndc'Icid|
underlaid
|\ndc'Icid|

a plasa, a aseza ceva sub (altceva) n special pentru a sprijini
sau nla ceva: The green fielas are unaerlaia with limestone.

345. to underlet
|\ndc'let|
underlet
|\ndc'let|
underlet
|\ndc'let|

a nchiria sau a arenda sub valoarea real; a subnchiria, a
subarenda. They movea to another town ana unaerlet their
apartment.

346. to underlie
|\ndc'Iai|
underlay
|\ndc'Ici|
underlain
|\ndc'Icin|

a susine, a Iundamenta, a sta la baza: Religious aiscrimination
is the funaamental issue which unaerlies the interethnic
conflict in Iraq.

347. to underpay
|\ndc'pci|
underpaid
|\ndc'pcid|
underpaid
|\ndc'pcid|

a plti mai puin dect (e normal sau dect se cuvine). At that
rate of interest, it was almost gooa business to unaerpay your
taxes.


136
348. to undersell
|\ndc'scI|
undersold
|\ndc'scoId|
undersold
|\ndc'scoId|

a vinde ceva la un pre mai mic (dect al unui concurent); a
subevalua. Our prices are the lowest. We will not be
unaersola'

349. to underset
|\ndc'sct|
underset
|\ndc'sct|
underset
|\ndc'sct|

(rare) a pune ceva sub altceva, n special ca suport. Father
unaerset a pillow unaer her heaa for her to sleep more
comfortably.

350. to undershoot
|\ndc'ju:t|
undershot
|\ndc'jot|
undershot
|\ndc'jot|

a trage mai jos dect inta; a nu atinge inta sau realize un
scop; (despre un avion) a ateriza nainte de a atinge pista. The
figure unaershot the Governments original estimate.

351. to undersow
|\ndc'sco|
undersowed
|\ndc'scod|
undersown
|\ndc'scon|
undersowed
|\ndc'scod|

a semna o cultur trzie peste una existent. Barley was
unaersown with lespeae:a.

(1*/,6+DQG$0(5,&$1,55(*8/$59(5%6,1&217(;7 137
352. to underspend
|\ndc'spcnd|
underspent
|\ndc'spcnt|
underspent
|\ndc'spcnt|

a cheltui mai puin dect (o sum alocat sau speciIicat).
Schools have unaerspent their training buaget.

353. to understand
|\ndc'stnd|
understood
|\ndc'stod|
understood
|\ndc'stod|

a nelege. Ben askea a few questions to make sure he
unaerstooa what to ao.
(can) unaerstana sb aoing sth, be unaerstooa (that), be
unaerstooa to be (aoing) sth, ao you unaerstana?, fully
unaerstooa, give sb to unaerstana (that), it is unaerstooa
(that), make yourself unaerstooa, unaerstana (that),
unaerstana how/what etc., unaerstana how/why/where etc.,
unaerstana sth to be/mean sth

354. to undertake
|\ndc'tcik|
undertook
|\ndc'tok|
undertaken
|\ndc'tcikn|

a lua asupra sa, a-si asuma; a ntreprinde (o cltorie, etc.) to
unaertake to ao smth., a lua n antrepriz: A firm of builaers
unaertook the construction work.
unaertake a task/a profect/research/a stuay etc., unaertake to
ao sth


138
355. to underwrite
|\ndc'rait|
underwrote
|\ndc'rcot|
underwritten
|\ndc'ritn|

a subscrie, a scrie dedesubt; a semna; a garanta; a asigura (mai
ales mportiva riscurilor marine): To unaerwrite policies of
insurance. They were willing to unaerwrite, in part, the
construction of a ship.

356.
to undo |\n'du:| undid |\n'did| undone |\n'd\n|

a anula, a desIiina; a dezlega, a desIace (si Iig.); a ruina, a
distruge. They unaia the knots with great aifficulty.
unao the aamage, unao your facket/shirt/bra etc.

357. to unfreeze
|\n'Iri:z|
unfroze
|\n'Ircoz|
unfrozen
|\n'Ircozn|

a decongela. My mother unfro:e the refrigerator yesteraay
afternoon to keep it in gooa working conaitions.

358. to unmake
|\n'mcik|
unmade
|\n'mcid|
unmade
|\n'mcid|

a anula, a desIace. Parliament can make ana unmake any law
whatever.

(1*/,6+DQG$0(5,&$1,55(*8/$59(5%6,1&217(;7 139
359. to unwind
|\n'waind|
unwound
|\n'waond|
unwound
|\n'waond|

a (se) desIsura, a (se) desIace, a (se) dezveli, a (se) descolci.
Mary unwouna the long woolen scarf from her neck.

360. to uphold
|\p'hcoId|
upheld |\p'hcId| upheld |\p'hcId|

a susine, a menine; a sprijini, a ncuraja. The court uphela his
claim for aamages.

361.
to upset |\p'sct| upset |\p'sct| upset |\p'sct|

a rsturna (un pahar, barc, planurile cuiva, etc.); a aIecta, a
emoiona, a tulbura; a indispune, a deranja (stomacul), a
tulbura (digestia). The little boy upset a tureen of soup. The
false accusations upset her terribly.
upset the apple cart, upset the balance of


140
: : : :

Indefinite
Infinitive
Past Tense of the
Indicative Mood
Past Participle
362.
to wake |wcik|
also reg.

woke
|wcok|
waked |wcikt|
(esp. AmE.)
woken
|'wcokn|
waked |wcikt|
(esp. AmE.)

a se trezi, a veghea. Early next morning, he woke up to the
souna of biras outsiae his winaow.
wake sb up, wake to, Wake up, wake up, wake up ana smell
the coffee, wake up to sth

363. to waylay
|wci'Ici|
waylaid
|wci'Icid|
waylaid
|wci'Icid|

a aborda (pe cineva); a atrage (ntr-o curs), a ntinde cuiva o
curs. The girl waylaia John on the stairs ana askea him to
help her carry a heavy suitcase.
got waylaia

364.
to wear |wcc| wore |w5:| worn |w5:n|

a purta, a mbrca, a uza. Carolyn always wore bright colours
like rea.
foke wears thin, sth is wearing thin, the novelty wears off,
wear a seat belt, wear a smile/frown/grin etc., wear away,
wear black/white/rea etc., wear aown, wear off, wear on,
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wear out, wear out your welcome, wear sb aown, wear sb out,
wear sth away, wear sth aown, wear sth out, wear sth to a
party/a aance/an interview etc., wear the trousers, wear well,
wear your heart on your sleeve, wear yourself out

365.
to weave |wi:v| wove |wcov| woven |'wcovn|

a ese. Only a few of the Navafo women still weave full time.
weave sth together, weave your magic/weave a spell, weave
your way through/to etc sth, weaving in ana out of

366.
to wed [wcdj wed [wcdj
wedded ['wcdidj
wed [wcdj
wedded ['wcdidj

a cstori, a mrita, a da n cstorie, a lua n cstorie; (Iig.) a
uni, a mpleti, a mpreuna. Gabriella Quattrocchi, 70, has
never wea - hoping she will be reunitea with Charles
Williams.

367.
to weep |wi:p| wept |wcpt| wept |wcpt|

a vrsa (lacrimi). She wept for quite a while after having
flunkea mathematics at the highschool entrance examination.
weep for, weep bitterly

368. to wet |wet|
also reg.
wet |wet|
wetted |'wetid|
wet |wet|
wetted |'wetid|

a uda, a umezi. (see) to wet oneself. The teacher wet a sponge

142
ana wipea the table.
wet yourself

369.
to win |win| won |w\n| won |w\n|

a cstiga, a cuceri; a cstiga, a Ii nvingtor (You win'). The
Government won the battle against inflation.
win (sth) hanas aown, win a race/a game/an election etc., win
a war/battle, win at, win by 10 points/70 metres etc., win
hanas aown, win or lose, win out, win out over, win sb over,
win sb sth, win sbs approval/support/trust etc., win sbs heart,
win sb/sth back, win sth for sb, win sth from sb, win the aay,
win through, win a contract, win ... meaal, you cant win, you
cant win them all, you win

370. to wind
|waind|
Note the
homograph
to wind |wind|
wound
|waond|

winded |'windid|
wound
|waond|

winded |'windid|

1. a rsuci, a nvrti (ceasul), a pune de jur mprejur: The path
wouna among the olive trees. He wouna his watch. He wouna
a towel arouna his miariff. 2. a Iace s-si piard/a-i tia
(cuiva) respiraia: The fall nearly winaea him.
wina (its way) through/along etc sth, wina aown, wina sb up,
wina sth arouna/rouna sth, wina sth aown, wina sth
forwara/back, wina sth up, wina things up, wina up, wina up
aoing sth, wina up in/at/with etc.

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371. to withdraw
[wi'dr5:j
withdrew
|wi'dru:|
withdrawn
|wi'dr5:n|

a se retrage. The party witharew its support for the
government.
witharaw from, witharaw into/from, witharaw ... labour,
witharaw sth from sale/from the market, witharaw sth from
sth, witharaw sth/sb from sth, witharaw to, witharaw ...
troops, witharaw ... support

372. to withhold
(from)
[wi'hcoIdj
withheld
[wi'hcIdj
withheld
[wi'hcIdj

a reine (de la), a opri (de la), a interzice ceva; a ascunde; a se
abine (de la). Civil servants shoula be as helpful as possible,
ana withhola information only in the interests of national
security.

373. to withstand
|wi'stnd|
withstood
|wi'stod|
withstood
|wi'stod|

a se mpotrivi (la), a se opune (la); a Iace Ia (la), a ine piept.
Owens has withstooa many attacks on his leaaership.

374.
to wreak? |ri:k|
to work |wa:k|
wrought |r5:t|
(arch.)
wrought |r5:t|
(arch.)
Note: Some dictionaries wrongly register the Iorm wrought as a
past tense and a past participle Iorm oI the regular verb to wreak.
In Iact it represents the archaic past tense and past participle
Iorm oI the verb to work which is only used in contemporary
English as a participial adjective: wrought iron.

144
wrought iron Iier Iorjat. Decorative profecting bricks,
alcoves, wrought iron gates, ana so on, are a security risk.
wreak havoc/mayhem/aestruction (on sth), wreak
revenge/vengeance (on sb)

375.
to wring |rip| wrung |r\p| wrung |r\p|

a smulge - to wring ones neck - a Irnge gtul cuiva; to wring
ones hanas asi Irmnta minile; a stoarce (lichid): She
wrung out the excess water from the washea linen.
Ill wring sbs neck, wring sbs hana, wring sth from/out of sb,
wring sths neck, wring your hanas

376.
to write |raitj wrote |rcut| written |'ritn|

a scrie. Alice wrote aown the aaaress on a piece of paper ana
then she lost it.
be written on sth, be written up, have sth written all over it,
have sth/be written all over your face, nothing to write home
about, reaa ana write, sb wrote the book on sth, thats all she
wrote, well/baaly/poorly etc written, write (that), write about,
write away for sth, write back, write back to, write for, write
in, write in to, write off, write off for, write sb, write sb in,
write sb/sth off, write sb/sth off as, write sb/sth out, write
sb/sth out of, write sth aown, write sth in, write sth into sth,
write sth off, write sth off against, write sth up, write to, write
to/onto

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APPENDIX
9HUEV:KLFK+DYH%RWK
,UUUHJXODUDQG5HJXODU)RUPV

Indefinite
Infinitive
Past Tense of the
Indicative Mood
Past Participle
1.
to abide |c'baid|
also reg.
abode |c'bcod|
abided |c'baidid|
abode |c'bcod|
abided |c'baidid|
2. to awake
|c'wcik|
also reg.
awoke
|c'wcok|
awaked |c'wcikt|
awoke |c'wcok|/
awaked |c'wcikt|
awaked |c'wcikt|
3. to bereave (oI)
|bi'ri:v|
also reg.
bereft
|bi'rcIt|
bereaved
|bi'ri:vd|
bereft
|bi'rcIt|
bereaved
|bi'ri:vd|
4. to beseech
|bi'si:tj|
also reg.
besought
|bi's5:t|
beseeched
|bi'si:tjt|
besought
|bi's5:t|
beseeched
|bi'si:tjt|
5. to bestrew
(with) |bi'stru:|
also reg.
bestrewed
|bi'stru:d|
bestrewed
|bi'stru:d|
bestrewn
|bi'stru:n|
bestrewed
|bi'stru:d|
6.
to bet |bct|
also reg.
bet |bct|
betted |'bctid|
bet |bct|
betted |'bctid|
7.
to bide [baidj bode |bcod|
(AmE)
bided |'baidid|
(BrEAmE)
bided |'baidid|

bided |'baidid|
(BrEAmE)
8. to blend
|bIcnd|
blent |bIcnt|
(esp. AmE)
blended
|'bIcndid|
(BrEAmE)
blent |Icnt|
(esp. AmE)
blended
|'bIcndid|
(BrEAmE)

146
9.
to bless |bIcs|
also reg.
blest |bIcst|
blessed |bIcst|
blest |bIcst|
blessed |bIcst|
10. to broadcast
|'br5:dko:st|
also reg.
broadcast
|'br5:dko:st|
broadcasted
|'br5:dko:stid|
broadcast
|'br5:dko:st|
broadcasted
|'br5:dko:stid|
11. to burn
|ba:n|
also reg.
burnt
|ba:nt|
burned |ba:nd|
burnt
|ba:nt|
burned |ba:nd|
12.
to bust |b\st|

also reg.

bust |b\st|
(esp. Br.E)
busted |'b\stid|
(esp. AmE)
bust |b\st|
(esp. Br.E)
busted |'b\stid|
(esp. AmE)
13.
to clad |kld|

also reg.

clad |kld|
(BrEAmE)
cladded |'kIdid|
(BrE)
clad |kld|
(BrEAmE)
cladded |'kIdid|
(BrE)
14.
to chide |tjaid|
(almost literary)
also reg.
chid |tjid|

chided |'tjaidid|
chid |tjid| /
chidden |'tjidn|
chided |'tjaidid|
15.
to cleave |kIi:v|

also reg.
clove
|kIcov|
cleft |kIcIt|
cleaved |kIi:vd|
cloven
|'kIcovn|
cleft |kIcIt|
cleaved |kIi:vd|
16.
to clothe |kIco|

also reg.
clad |kId|
(archaic, poetic,
literary)
clothed |kIcod|
clad |kId|
(archaic, poetic,
literary)
clothed |kIcod|
17.
to crow |krco| crew |kru:|
(esp. BrE)
crowed |krcod|
-
(1*/,6+DQG$0(5,&$1,55(*8/$59(5%6,1&217(;7 147

18.
to dive |daiv|

also reg.
dove |dcov|
(Am.E)
dived [daivdj
dived [daivdj

dived [daivdj
19. to deepfreeze
|di:p'Iri:z|
deepfroze
|di:p'Ircoz|
deepfreezed
|di:p'Iri:zd|
deepfroze
[di:p'Ircozn|
deepfreezed
di:p'Iri:zd|
20. to dream
|dri:m|
also reg.
dreamt
|drcmt|
dreamed |dri:md|
dreamt
|drcmt|
dreamed [dri:md|
21.
to dwell |dwcI|
also reg.
dwelt [dwcItj
dwelled [dwcIdj
dwelt [dwcItj
dwelled [dwcIdj
22.
to fit |Iit| fitted |'Iitid|
(BrE, AmE)
fit |Iit| (AmE)
fitted |'Iitid|
(BrE, AmE)
fit |Iit| (AmE)
23. to floodlight
|'II\dIait|

floodlighted
|'II\dIaitid|
(BrEAmE)
floodlit |'II\dIit|
(AmE)
floodlighted
|'II\dIaitid|
(BrEAmE)
floodlit |'II\dIit|
(AmE)
24. to forecast
|'I5:ko:st|
also reg.
forecast
|'I5:ko:st|
forecasted
|'I5:ko:stid|
forecast
|'I5:ko:st|
forecasted
|'I5:ko:stid|
25.
to gild |giId|

gilt |giIt|(arch.)
gilded |'giIdid|
gilt |giIt|(arch.)
gilded |'giIdid|
26.
to gird |ga:d| girt |ga:t|
girded |'ga:did|
girt |ga:t|
girded |'ga:did|
27.
to grave |grciv|
also reg.
graved |grcivd|
graved |grcivd|
graven |'grcivn|
graved |grcivd|

148

28.
to grip |grip| gript |gript|
(esp. AmE)
gripped |gript|
(BrEAm.E)
gript |gript|
(esp. AmE)
gripped |gript|
(BrEAm.E)
29.
to hang |hp|
(as a regular
verb)
hung |h\p|
hanged |hpd|
hung |h\p|
hanged |hpd|
30.
to heave |hi:v|

also reg.
hove |hcov|
(esp. nautical)
heaved |hi:vd|
hove |hcov|
(esp. nautical)
heaved |hi:vd|
31.
to hew |hju:|
also reg.
hewed |hju:d|
hewed |hju:d|
hewn |hju:n|
hewed |hju:d|
32.
to input |'inpot|
also reg.
input |'inpot|
inputted
|'inpotid|
input |'inpot|
inputted
|'inpotid|
33.
to inset |in'sct|
also reg.
inset |in'sct|
insetted |in'sctid|
inset |in'sct|
insetted |in'sctid|
34.
to kneel |ni:I|
also reg.
(esp. AmE)
knelt |ncIt|
kneeled |ni:Id|
knelt |ncIt|
kneeled |ni:Id|
35.
to knit |nit|
also reg.
knit |nit|
knitted ['nitidj
knit |nit|
knitted ['nitidj
36.
to lean |Ii:n|
(against, on,
upon)
also reg.
leant
|Icnt| (esp. BrE)

leaned |Ii:nd|
leant
|Icnt| (esp. BrE)

leaned |Ii:nd|
37.
to leap |Ii:p|

also reg.
leapt |Icpt|
(esp. BrE)
leaped |Ii:pt|
(esp. AmE)
leapt |Icpt|
(esp. BrE)
leaped |Ii:pt|
(esp. AmE)
(1*/,6+DQG$0(5,&$1,55(*8/$59(5%6,1&217(;7 149

38.
to learn |Ia:n|

also reg.
learnt |Ia:nt|
(esp. BrE)
learned |Ia:nd|
learnt |Ia:nt|
(esp. BrE)
learned |Ia:nd|
39.
to light |Iait|
also reg.
lit |Iit|
lighted |'Iaitid|
lit |Iit|
lighted |'Iaitid|
40. to misspell
|mis'spcI|
also reg.
misspelt
|mis'spcIt| (Br.E)
misspelled
|mis'spcId|
misspelt
|mis'spcIt| (Br.E)
misspelled
|mis'spcId|
41.
to mow |mco|
also reg.
mowed |mcod|
mowed |mcod|
mown |mcon|
mowed |mcod|
42. to outleap
|aot'Ii:p|
also reg.
outleapt
|aot'Icpt|
outleaped
|aot'Ii:pt|
outleapt
|aot'Icpt|
outleaped
|aot'Ii:pt|
43. to output
|aot'pot|
also reg.
output
|aot'pot|
outputted
|aot'potid|
output
|aot'pot|
outputted
|aot'potid|
44. to outstay
|aot'stci|
also reg.
outstaid
|aot'stcid|
outstayed
|aot'stcid|
outstaid
|aot'stcid|
outstayed
|aot'stcid|
45. to overgild
|covc'giId|
also reg.
overgilt
|covc'giIt|
overgilded
|covc'giIdid|
overgilt
|covc'giIt|
overgilded
|covc'giIdid|
46. to overleap
|covc'Ii:p|
also reg.
overleapt
|covc'Icpt|
overleaped
|covc'Ii:pt|
overleapt
|covc'Icpt|
overleaped
|covc'Ii:pt|

150

47. to overlearn
|covc'Ia:n|
also reg.
overlearnt
|covc'Ia:nt|
overlearned
|covc'Ia:nd|
overlearnt
|covc'Ia:nt|
overlearned
|covc'Ia:nd|
48. to oversew
|covc'sco|
also reg.
oversewed
|covc'scod|
oversewed
|covc'scod|
oversewn
|covc'scon|
oversewed
|covc'scod|
49. to overshine
|covc'jain|

overshone
|covc'jon|
overshined
|covc'jaind|
overshone
|covc'jon|
overshined
|covc'jaind|
50. to overspill
|covc'spiI|
overspilt
|covc'spiIt|
overspilled
|covc'spiId|
overspilt
|covc'spiIt|
overspilled
|covc'spiId|
51. to overstrew
|covc'stru:|
also reg.

overstrewed
|covc'stu:d|
overstrewed
|covc'stu:d|
overstrewn
|covc'stru:n|
overstrewed
|covc'stu:d|
52. to overstring
|covc'strip|
rare also reg.
overstrung
|covc'str\p|
overstringed
|covc'stripdd|
overstrung
|covc'str\p|
overstringed
|covc'stripdd|
53. to plead
|pIi:d|
also reg.
pled |pIcd|
(esp. AmE)
pleaded |'pIi:did|
pled |pIcd|
(esp. AmE)
pleaded |'pIi:did|
54. to prove
|pru:v|

also reg.
proved
|pru:vd|

proved |pru:vd|
proven |pru:vn|
(used as adj. esp.
in BrE)
proved |pru:vd|
55.
to quit |kwit|
also reg.
quit |kwit|
quitted |'kwitid|
quit |kwit|
quitted |'kwitid|
(1*/,6+DQG$0(5,&$1,55(*8/$59(5%6,1&217(;7 151
56.
to reave |ri:v|
also reg.
reft |rcIt|
reaved |ri:vd|
reft |rcIt|
reaved |ri:vd|
57. to reblend
|ri:'bIcnd|
reblent |ri:'bIcnt|
(esp. AmE)
reblended
|ri:'bIcndid|
(BrEAmE)
reblent |ri:'bIcnt|
(esp. AmE)
reblended
|ri:'bIcndid|
(BrEAmE)
58. to reclothe
|ri:'kIco|

also reg.
reclad |ri:'kId|
(archaic, poetic,
literary)
reclothed
|ri:'kIcod|
reclad |ri:'kId|
(archaic, poetic,
literary)
reclothed
|ri:'kIcod|
59. to redream
|ri:'dri:m|
also reg.
redreamt
|ri:'drcmt|
redreamed
|ri:'dri:md|
redreamt
|ri:'drcmt|
redreamed
[ri:'dri:md|
60. to reforecast
|ri:'I5:ko:st|
also reg.
reforecast
|ri:'I5:ko:st|
reforecasted
|ri:'I5:ko:stid|
reforecast
|ri:'I5:ko:st|
reforecasted
|ri:'I5:ko:stid|
61. to regird
|ri:'ga:d|
regirt |ri:'ga:t|
regirded
|ri:'ga:did|
regirt |ri:'ga:t|
regirded
|ri:'ga:did|
62. to regrip
|ri:'grip|
regript |ri:'gript|
(esp. AmE)
regripped
|ri:'gript|
(BrEAm.E)
regript |ri:'gript|
(esp. AmE)
regripped
|ri:'gript|
(BrEAm.E)
63. to rehang
[ri:'hp|
(as a regular
verb)
rehung
|ri:'h\p|
rehanged
|ri:'hpd|
rehung
|ri:'h\p|
rehanged
|ri:'hpd|

152

64.
to reknit |ri:'nit|
also reg.
reknit |ri:'nit|
reknitted
[ri:'nitidj
reknit |ri:'nit|
reknitted
[ri:'nitidj
65.
to relay |ri:'Ici|
As a regular verb
to relay |ri:'Ici|
relaid |ri:'Icid|

relayed |ri:'Icid|
relaid |ri:'Icid|

relayed |ri:'Icid|
66. to relearn
|ri:'Ia:n|

also reg.
relearnt |ri:'Ia:nt|
(esp. BrE)
relearned
|ri:'Ia:nd|
relearnt |ri:'Ia:nt|
(esp. BrE)
relearned
|ri:'Ia:nd|
67. to replead
|ri:'pIi:d|
also reg.
repled |ri:'pIcd|
(esp. AmE)
repleaded
|ri:'pIi:did|
repled |ri:'pIcd|
(esp. AmE)
repleaded
|ri:'pIi:did|
68.
to resew |ri:'sco|
also reg.
resewed |ri:'scod|
resewed |ri:'scod|
resewn |ri:'scon|
resewed |ri:'scod|
69. to resow
|ri:'sco|
also reg.
resowed
|ri:'scod|
resowed |ri:'scod|
resown
|ri:'scon|
resowed |ri:'scod|
70. to restrive
|ri:'straiv|
also reg.
restrove
|ri:'strcov|
restrived
[ri:'straivdj
restriven
|ri:'strivn|
restrived
[ri:'straivdj
71. to reswell
|ri:'swcI|
also reg.
reswelled
|ri:'swcId|
reswelled
|ri:'swcId|
reswollen
|ri:'swcoIn|
reswelled
|ri:'swcId|
72. to rewake
|ri:'wcik|
also reg.

rewoke
|ri:'wcok|
rewaked
|ri:'wcikt|
(esp. AmE.)
rewoken
|ri:'wcokn|
rewaked
|ri:'wcikt|
(esp. AmE.)
(1*/,6+DQG$0(5,&$1,55(*8/$59(5%6,1&217(;7 153

73. to rewed
[ri:'wcdj
rewed [ri:'wcdj
rewedded
[ri:'wcdidj
rewed [ri:'wcdj
rewedded
[ri:'wcdidj
74.
to rewet |ri:'wet|
also reg.
rewet |ri:'wet|
rewetted
|ri:'wetid|
rewet |ri:'wet|
rewetted
|ri:'wetid|
75.
to rid |rid|

rid |rid|
ridded ['rididj
(arch.)
rid |rid| (arch.)
ridded ['rididj
(arch.)
76.
to saw |s5:| sawed |s5:d| sawn |s5:n|
sawed |s5:d|
(N. Amer.)
77.
to sew |sco|
also reg.
sewed |scod|
sewed |scod|
sewn |scon|
sewed |scod|
78.
to shave |jciv| shaved |jcivd| shaven |jcivn|
shaved |jcivd|
79.
to shear |jic|
also reg.
sheared |jicd|
sheared |jicd|
shorn |j5:n|
sheared |jicd|
80.
to shed |jcd| shed |jcd| shed |jcd|
De la substantivul shea s-a Iormat verbul regulat:
to shed
shedded |'jcdid| shedded |'jcdid|
81.
to shine |jain|
also reg.
shone |jon|
shined |jaind|
shone |jon|
shined |jaind|
82.
to shoe |ju:| shod |jod|
shoed |ju:d|
shod |jod|
shoed |ju:d|
83.
to show |jco|
also reg.
showed |jcod|
showed |jcod|
shown |jcon|
showed |jcod|
84.
to shred |jred| shred |jred|
shredded |'jrcdid|
shred |jred|
shredded |'jrcdid|
85.
to shrive |jraiv| shrove |jrcov|
shrived |jraivd|
shriven |'jrivn|
shrived |jraivd|

154
86.
to smell |smcI|

also reg.
smelt |smcIt|
(esp. BrE)
smelled |smcId|
(esp. AmE)
smelt |smcIt|
(esp. BrE)
smelled |smcId|
(esp. AmE)
87.
to sneak |sni:k| snuck |sn\k|
(AmE)
sneaked |sni:kt|
(AmE)
snuck |sn\k|
(AmE)
sneaked |sni:kt|
(AmE)
88.
to sow |sco|
also reg.
sowed |scod|
sowed |scod|
sown |'scon|
sowed |scod|
89.
to speed |spi:d|
As a regular
verb:
sped |spcd|
speeded |'spi:did|
sped |spcd|
speeded |'spi:did|
90.
to spell |spcI|

also reg.
spelt |spcIt|
(esp. BrE)
spelled |spcId|
(esp. AmE)
spelt |spcIt|
(esp. BrE)
spelled |spcId|
(esp. AmE)
91.
to spill |spiI|

also reg.
spilt |spiIt|
(esp. BrE)
spilled [spiIdj
(esp. AmE)
spilt |spiIt|
(esp. BrE)
spilled [spiIdj
(esp. AmE)
92.
to spit |spit|

also reg.
spat |spt| (Br.E)
spit |spit| (Am.E)
spitted |'spitid|
spat |spt| (Br.E)
spit |spit| (Am.E)
spitted |'spitid|
93.
to spoil |sp5iI|

also reg.
spoilt |sp5iIt|
(Br.E)
spoiled |sp5iId|
spoilt |sp5iIt|
(Br.E)
spoiled |sp5iId|
94. to spotlight
|'spotIait|
also reg.
spotlit |'spotIit|
spotlighted
|'spotIaitid|
spotlit |'spotIit|
spotlighted
|'spotIaitid|
95.
to stave |stciv| stove |stcov|
staved |stcivd|
stove |stcov|
staved |stcivd|
(1*/,6+DQG$0(5,&$1,55(*8/$59(5%6,1&217(;7 155
96.
to strew |stru:|
also reg.
strewed |stru:d|
strewed |stru:d|
strewn |stru:n|
strewed |stru:d|
97. to strive
|straiv|
also reg.
strove
|strcov|
strived [straivdj
striven
|'strivn|
strived [straivdj
98. to sunburn
|'s\nba:n|
also reg.
sunburnt
|'s\nba:nt|
sunburned
|'s\nba:nd|
sunburnt
|'s\nba:nt|
sunburned
|'s\nba:nd|
99.
to sweat |swct| sweat |swct|
sweated |'swctid|
sweat |swct|
sweated |'swctid|
100.
to swell |swcI|
also reg.
swelled |swcId|
swelled |swcId|
swollen |'swcoIn|
swelled |swcId|
101. to thrive
|Oraiv|
also reg.
throve
|Orcov|
thrived |Oraivd|
thriven
|'Orivn|
thrived |Oraivd|
102.
to toss |tos| tost |tost|
tossed |tost|
tost |tost|
tossed |tost|
103. to undersow
|\ndc'sco|
undersowed
|\ndc'scod|
undersown
|\ndc'scon|
undersowed
|\ndc'scod|
104.
to wake |wcik|
also reg.

woke
|wcok|
waked |wcikt|
(esp. AmE.)
woken
|'wcokn|
waked |wcikt|
(esp. AmE.)
105.
to wed [wcdj wed [wcdj
wedded ['wcdidj
wed [wcdj
wedded ['wcdidj
106. to wet |wet|
also reg.
wet |wet|
wetted |'wetid|
wet |wet|
wetted |'wetid|


156
List of Phonetic Symbols

A. Simple Vowels and Diphtongs

Phonetic
symbol
Initial
position
Mid-
position + a
voiced
consonant
Mid-
position + a
voiceless
consonant
Final
position
Vowels
|i:| eel |i:I| creed |kri:d| sleep |sIi:p| sea |si:|
|i| ill |iI| kid |kid| bit |bit|
-
|i|
*
- - -
happy |'hpi|
|c| egg |cg| red |rcd| bet |bct|
-
||
adder
|'dc|
sad |sd| cat |kt|
-
|\| upper |'\pc| bud |b\d| strut |str\t|
-
|o:| arm |o:m| card |ko:d| tart |to:t| car |ko:|
|o| odd |od| body |'bodi| lot |Iot|
-
|5:| ought |5:t| sword |s5:d| sort |s5:t| law |I5:|
|o|
-
Iood |Iod| put |pot|
-
|u:| oozy |'u:zi| Iood|Iu:d| root |ru:t| zoo |zu:|
|a:| earn |a:n| bird |ba:d| dirt |da:t| stir |sta:|
|c|
arrive
|c'raiv|
OxIord
|'oksIcd|
horizon
|hc'raizn|
preacher
|'pri:tjc|
Obs
`
. The phonetic symbol |i| appears as a representation oI y in Iinal
position as well as in mid-position when it is Iollowed by a vowel-
sound. It never appears in diphthongs or as a representation oI the
vowel |i| in initial position:
happy |'hpi|
radiation |rcidi'cij
c
n|
glorious |'gI5:rics|

(1*/,6+DQG$0(5,&$1,55(*8/$59(5%6,1&217(;7 157

Phonetic
symbol
Initial
position
Mid-
position + a
voiced
consonant
Mid-
position + a
voiceless
consonant
Final
position
Diphthongs
|ci|
alien
|'ciIicn|
raid |rcid| rate |rcit| clay |kIci|
|ai|
icecream
|ais'kri:m|
ride |raid| spite |spait| sigh|sai|
|5i| oil |5iI|
buoyed
|b5id|
invoice
|'inv5is|
toy |t5i|
|co| oat |cot| rode |rcod| coat |kcot| so |sco|
|ao| out |aot|
bowed
|baod|
rout |raot| cow |kao|
|ic|
earring
|'icrip|
beard |bicd|
pierced
|picst|
deer |dic|
|cc|
airplane
|'ccpIcin|
scared
|skccd|
scarce
|skccs|
mare |mcc|
|oc|
- gourd
|gocd|
bourse
|bocs|
moor |moc|

B. Consonants and Semi-Vowels

Phonetic
symbol
Initial position Mid-position
between two
vowels
Final position
Consonants
Plosive Consonants
|p| paper |'pcipc| deeper |'di:pc| hope |hcop|
|b| boy |b5i| baby |'bcibi| probe |prcob|
|t| tear |tic| Ietter |'Ictc| boat |bcot|
|d| die |dai| daddy |'ddi| toad |tcod|

158

|k| car |ko:| pocket |'pokit| rack |rk|
|g|
guidance
['gaindcnsj
mugger |'m\gc|
airbag
|'ccbg|
Affricate Consonants
|tj|
chairman
|'tjccmcn|
peachy |'pi:tji| much |m\tj|
|d|
general
|'dcncrcI|
judgement
|d\dmcnt|
bridge |brid|
Fricative Consonants
|I| Iacet |'Isit| oIIice |'oIis| rough |r\I|
[vj vicar |'vikc| ivory |'aivcri| move |mu:vj
|O| thin |Oin| author |'5:Oc| path |po:O|
|| those |coz| Ieather |'Icc|
smooth
|smu:O|
|s| surIace |'sa:Iis| sister |'sistc| cease [si:sj
|z| zero |'zicrco| visit |'vizit| rose |rcoz|
[jj ship |jip| station |'stcijn| rush [r\jj
|| gigolo |'igcIco| measure |'mcc| rouge |ru:|
|h| hair |hcc| behind |bi'haind|
-
|r| rattle |'rtI| sorry |'sori|
-
Nasal Consonants
[mj mother |'m\c| hammer |'hmc| blame |bIcim|
|n| noun |naon| nanny |'nni| pine |pain|
|p|
Ngami
|p(g)o:mi|
Iinger |'Iipgc| song |sop|
Lateral Consonants
|I| liquid |'Iikwid| valley |'vIi| Iile [IaiIj
Semi-Vowels (Glides)
|j| yet |jct| beauty |'bju:ti|
-
|w| wet |wct| queen |kwi:n|
-

(1*/,6+DQG$0(5,&$1,55(*8/$59(5%6,1&217(;7 159
GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY

1.***, Collins Cobuila Dictionary of Phrasal Jerbs, Harper
Collins Publishers, London, 1996.
2.Academia Romn, Dicionar Engle:-Roman, Editura
Academiei Republicii Socialiste Romnia, Institutul de
Lingvistic, Bucuresti, 1974.
3.***, Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English,
Longman, New York, 2003.
4.***, Longman Dictionary of English Language ana
Culture, Longman, New York, 1998.
5.***, Macmillan English Dictionary for Aavancea
Learners. International Stuaent Eaition, Macmillan
Publishers Limited, 2002.
6.***, Ranaom House Websters Unabriagea Dictionary.
Secona Eaition, Random House, New York, 1999.
7.Academia Romn, Institutul de Lingvistic Iorgu Ioraan
Al. Rosetti, Dicionar Engle:-Roman, Editura Univers
Enciclopedic, Bucuresti, 2004.
8.Hornby, A.S., Oxfora Aavancea Learners Dictionary of
Current English, OxIord University Press, London, 1995.
9.Jones, D., English Pronouncing Dictionary, Everyman`s
ReIerence Library, 1958.
10. Levichi, L. (redactor responsabil), Dicionar Engle:-
Roman, Academia Republicii Socialiste Romnia,
Institutul de Lingvistic, Bucuresti, 1974.
11. Levichi, L., Dicionar Roman Engle:, Editura 1001
Gramar, Bucuresti, 1998.
12. Neagu, M., Sarpe, D., An English-Romanian Dictionary
of Economic Terms, Editura Alma, Galai, 1999.
13. Pearsall, Judy, ed., The New Oxfora Dictionary of
English, OxIord University Press, OxIord, 1998.
14. Wells, J.C., Longman Pronunciation Dictionary,
Longman, New York, 2000.

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