OEA000200 LTE Protocols and Procedures ISSUE 1.01

LTE Protocols and Procedures
www.huawei.com
Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents
1. EPS Architecture 2. EPS Protocols 3. LTE/SAE Quality of Service 4. Radio Resource Control
5. Packet Data Convergence Protocol

6. Radio Link Control and Medium Access Control 7. X2/S1 Interface and Protocols 8. Mobility in LTE
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Contents

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Contents
1. EPS Architecture
1.1 EPS Network Elements 1.2 EPS Interfaces
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Contents
1. EPS Architecture
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E-UTRAN Architecture
IM S
HSS
E-UTRAN
CSCF
EPC
Video AS
UE
MME
eNB eNB
S-GW
PDN-GW
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User Equipment
EPS M obility M anagement Registration Tracking Area Update Handover EPS Session M anagement Bearer Activation Bearer Modification Bearer Deactivation
Control Plane
EPS Mobility & EPS Session Management UE
User Plane
IP Adaptation Function
Radio Resource
Radio Resource RRC, PDCP, RLC, MAC & PHY Layer Protocols
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UE Categories
UE Category Maximum Downlink Data Rate 10.3Mbit/s 51.0Mbit/s 102.0Mbit/s 150.8Mbit/s 302.8Mbit/s Number of Downlink Data Streams 1 2 2 2 4 Maximum Uplink Data Rate 5.2Mbit/s 25.5Mbit/s 51.0Mbit/s 51.0Mbit/s 75.4Mbit/s Support for Uplink 64QAM No No No No Yes
1 2 3 4 5
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UE Identities

IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity) IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity) GUTI (Globally Unique Temporary Identity) S-TMSI (Serving - Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity)
IP Address - This may either be an IPv4 or IPv6 address
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Evolved Node B
Packet Classification and QoS Policy Enforecment
Radio Resource M anagement
Data Compression
eNB
Routing
Data Protection
Page10
eNB Identities
TAI (Tracking Area Identity) - is a logical group of neighboring cells defined by the service provider in which an LTE idle UE is able to move within without needing to update the network. As such, it is similar to a RAI (Routing Area Identity) used in 2G and 3G packet switched networks.
ECGI (Evolved Cell Global Identity) - is comprised of the MCC, MNC and ECI (Evolved Cell Identity), the later being coded by each service provider.
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Femto Cells
In order to improve network coverage and capacity, the 3GPP have developed a new type of base station to operate within the home or small business environment. Termed the HeNB (Home Evolved Node B).
In additional identities which have been introduced by the 3GPP for femto cell operation. These are:
CSG (Closed Subscriber Group) Identity. HeNB.
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Mobility Management Entity

NAS Signaling and Security
S-GW and PDN-GW Selection
Inter M M E M obility
Authentication
MME
Tracking Area List M anagement and Paging
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Serving - Gateway
GTP/PM IP Support
M obility Anchor
Downlink Packet Buffering

Lawful Interception
S-GW
Packet Routing and Forwarding
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Packet Data Network - Gateway

Packet Filtering
Accounting
Lawful Interception
Transport Level Packet M arking
PDN-GW
IP Address Allocation
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Contents
1. EPS Architecture
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E-UTRAN Interfaces
E-UTRAN Uu S1-MME S1-MME S1-U MME EPC
eNB
X2
S1-U
eNB
S-GW
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EPC Architecture and Interfaces

EPC S1-MME MME S11 MME S10
S1-U S-GW
S5/S8 PDN-GW
SGi
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Additional Network Elements and Interfaces

CDMA 2000 S6a EIR S13 EPC S10 S3 MME S11 SGSN S4 S5/S8 S12 S-GW S103 CDMA 2000 ePDG PDN-GW S2b Wn
Untrusted Non 3GPP IP Access
HSS S101
MME
PCRF Gx S2a
Trusted Non 3GPP IP Access
RNC
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Questions
Which Release 8 UE category supports MIMO 4x4?

a. 1. b. 2. c. 3 d. 4 e. 5
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Questions
True / False. An LTE system does not use the IMSI.
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Questions
Which node terminates the UEs NAS signaling?

a. eNB. b. MME. c. S-GW d. PDN-GW.
Page22
Questions
True / False. The S-GW uses DHCP to allocate the UE IP address.
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Questions
Which interface connects the eNB to the MME?

a. X2. b. S1-MME. c. S1-U d. S5.
Page24
Questions
Which interface connects an eNB logically to another eNB?

a. X2. b. S1-MME. c. S1-U d. S5.
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Contents

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Contents
2. EPS Protocols
2.1 EPS Signaling 2.2 EPS Protocols 2.3 E-UTRAN Channel Mapping
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Contents
2. EPS Protocols
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LTE Control Plane

Non Access Stratum Signaling
E-UTRAN
EPC
MME UE Access Stratum Signaling
eNB
S-GW
PDN-GW
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LTE User Plane

Non Access Stratum IP Datagrams
E-UTRAN
EPC
MME UE
Access Stratum Transport
eNB
S-GW
PDN-GW
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Contents
2. EPS Protocols
Page31
Uu Interface Protocols
Uu Control Plane EMM and ESM RRC PDCP RLC MAC PHY UE Non Access Stratum Access Stratum
PDCP RLC MAC PHY
eNB
IP
Page32
NAS EMM and ESM Procedures

EMM Procedures Attach Detach Tracking Area Update Service Request Extended Service Request GUTI Reallocation Authentication Identification Security Mode Control EMM Status EMM Information NAS Transport Paging ESM Procedures Default EPS Bearer Context Activation Dedicated EPS Bearer Context Activation EPS Bearer Context Modification EPS Bearer Context Deactivation UE Requested PDN Connectivity UE Requested PDN Disconnect UE Requested Bearer Resource Allocation UE Requested Bearer Resource Modification ESM Information Request ESM Status
Page33
Radio Resource Control

System Information PLMN and Cell Selection Admission Control Security Management Cell Reselection Measurement Reports Handovers and Mobility NAS Transport Radio Resource Management
NAS Signaling RRC PDCP RLC MAC PHY eNB
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Packet Data Convergence Protocol

Control Plane Encryption Integrity Checking User Plane IP Header Compression Encryption Sequencing and Duplicate Detection
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Radio Link Control
NAS Signaling TM (Transparent Mode) UM (Unacknowledged Mode) AM (Acknowledged Mode) Segmentation and Re-assembly Concatenation Error Correction RRC PDCP RLC MAC PHY eNB
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Medium Access Control
NAS Signaling RRC

Channel Mapping and Multiplexing Error Correction - HARQ QoS Based Scheduling
PDCP RLC MAC PHY eNB
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Physical Layer
Error Detection FEC Encoding/Decoding Rate Matching Mapping of Physical Channels Power Weighting Modulation and Demodulation Frequency and Time Synchronization Radio Measurements MIMO Processing Transmit Diversity Beamforming RF Processing
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Physical Layer
Error Detection FEC Encoding/Decoding Rate Matching Mapping of Physical Channels Power Weighting Modulation and Demodulation Frequency and Time Synchronization Radio Measurements MIMO Processing Transmit Diversity Beamforming RF Processing
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X2 Interface
X2 eNB eNB
Control Plane X2AP SCTP IP Layer 2 Layer 1
User Plane GTP-U UDP IP Layer 2 Layer 1
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S1 Interface
S1-MME eNB Control Plane S1AP SCTP IP Layer 2 Layer 1 MME
S1-U eNB User Plane GTP-U UDP IP Layer 2 Layer 1 S-GW
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S11 Interface
S11 MME Control Plane GTPv2-C UDP IP Layer 2 Layer 1 S-GW
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S5/S8 Interface
S5/S8 S-GW Control Plane GTPv2-C UDP IP Layer 2 Layer 1 PDN-GW User Plane GTP-U / PMIP UDP IP Layer 2 Layer 1
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S10 Interface
S10 MME Control Plane GTPv2-C UDP IP Layer 2 Layer 1 MME
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SGi Interface
SGi PDN-GW Applications TCP / UDP IP Layer 2 Layer 1
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Contents
2. EPS Protocols
Page46
LTE Channels
Logical Channels
Transport Channels
Physical Channels
Radio Channels
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Logical Channels
Logical Channels RLC MAC PHY Physical Channels
Transport Channels
Radio Channel
Page48
Control Logical Channels

System Information Messages BCCH PCH UE Paging Devices eNB
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CCCH and DCCH Signaling

SRB 0 SRB 0 SRB 1 UE SRB 2 CCCH CCCH DCCH DCCH eNB Low Priority NAS Signaling
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Traffic Logical Channels
DRB UE
DTCH Carries AM or UM RLC Traffic eNB
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LTE Release 8 Transport Channels

BCH PCH DL-SCH UE RACH UL-SCH eNB
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Downlink Physical Channels

PBCH (Physical Broadcast Channel) PCFICH (Physical Control Format Indicator Channel) PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel) PHICH (Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel)
PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel)
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Uplink Physical Channels

PRACH (Physical Random Access Channel) PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel) PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel)
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Radio Channels
Radio Channel
TDD
eNB
FDD UE
Radio Channel UE
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Downlink Channel Mapping

NAS Layer ESM EMM IP RRC Layer RRC Integrity ROHC
PDCP Layer
Ciphering Ciphering
RLC Layer
TM
TM
TM
UM/AM
UM/AM
Logical Channels M AC Layer Transport Channels Physical Layer Physical Channels
BCCH
PCCH
CCCH
DCCH
DTCH
BCH
PCH
DL-SCH
PBCH
PCFICH
PHICH
PDCCH
PDSCH
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Uplink Channel Mapping

NAS Layer ESM EMM IP RRC Layer RRC Integrity Ciphering ROHC Ciphering
PDCP Layer
RLC Layer
TM
UM/AM
UM/AM
Logical Channels M AC Layer Transport Channels Physical Layer Physical Channels
CCCH
DCCH
DTCH
RACH
UL-SCH
PRACH
PUCCH
PUSCH
Page57
Questions
What is the main control signaling protocol between the UE and the MME?
a. RRC. b. RLC. c. S1AP d. NAS.
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Questions
True / False. The eNB is able to decode the NAS messages.
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Questions
Which protocol on the air interface is responsible for User Plane ciphering/encryption?
a. RRC. b. PDCP. c. RLC. d. MAC.
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Questions
Which protocol is used to carry S1AP and X2AP signaling?

a. GTPv1-U. b. PDCP. c. GTPv2-C. d. TCP. e. SCTP.
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Questions
What control protocol is used between the MME and the SGW?
a. GTPv1-U. b. PDCP. c. GTPv2-C. d. TCP. e. SCTP.
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Contents

Page63
Contents
3. LTE/SAE Quality of Service
3.1 EPS Bearer Services and E-UTRA Radio Bearers 3.2 E-UTRA Radio Bearers
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Contents
Page65
QoS in Packet Switched Networks

EPC E-UTRAN UE
MME
UE
eNB
S-GW
PDN-GW
Packet Classifier Data Voice
Packet Scheduler Voice Data x10 x2
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LTE Bearers
Uu UE eNB S1-U S-GW End to End Service
EPS Bearer Service
S5/S8 PDN-GW
SGi
EPS Radio Bearer
EPS Access Bearer
GTP Based Transport (PMIP is different)
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Service Data Flows

Uu UE eNB S1-U S-GW S5/S8 PDN-GW SGi
SDF (Service Data Flow)
EPS Bearer Service
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Default and Dedicated EPS Bearers

UE Default EPS Bearer PDN-GW
TFT
Dedicated EPS Bearer (Maximum of 7)
TFT
Each Dedicated EPS Bearers has an associated TFT (Traffic Flow Template)
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EPS QoS Parameters

GBR QoS Information AMBR (Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate) QoS Class Indicator ARP (Allocation and Retention Priority)
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GBR QoS Information

E-RAB Maximum Downlink Bit Rate. E-RAB Maximum Uplink Bit Rate. E-RAB Guaranteed Downlink Bit Rate. E-RAB Guaranteed Uplink Bit Rate.
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Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate

UE AMBR (User Equipment Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate) APN AMBR (Access Point Name Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate)
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QoS Class Indicator

QCI Type Priority Packet Delay Budget (ms) 100 150 50 300 100 300 100 300 300 Packet Error Rate 10-2 10-3 10-3 10-6 10-6 10-6 10-3 10-6 10-6 Example Service 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 GBR GBR GBR GBR Non-GBR Non-GBR Non-GBR Non-GBR Non-GBR 2 4 3 5 1 6 7 8 9 Conversational Voice Conversational Video Real Time Gaming Non-Conversational Voice IMS Signaling Video, TCP Based Voice, Video, Interactive Gaming Video, TCP Based Video, TCP Based
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Allocation and Retention Priority

Priority Level (0 to 15) Pre-emption Capability Pre-emption Vulnerability
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Contents
Page75
Signaling Radio Bearers

SRB0 SRB1 SRB2

Uu UE SRB 1 SRB 2
RRC (High Priority)
S1-U eNB S-GW
S5/S8 PDN-GW
SGi
NAS (Lower Priority)
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Data Radio Bearers

Logical Channel Identity 1 2 3
SRB 1 SRB 2
DRB 1 Default EPS Bearer (EPS Bearer Identity = 5)
Uu UE eNB
S1-U S-GW
S5/S8 PDN-GW
SGi
DRB Identity 1 to 32
EPS Bearer Identity 0 to 15
Logical Channel Identity 1 to 10 for Radio Bearers
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Radio Bearer QoS

E-RAB ID E-RAB Level QoS Parameters Transport Layer Address GTP-TEID NAS-PDU
MME
Logical Channel Identity 1 2 3 SRB 1 SRB 2 DRB 1
Uu UE eNB
S1-U S-GW
S5/S8 PDN-GW
SGi
Default EPS Bearer (EPS Bearer Identity = 5)
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E-UTRA Configuration
E-RAB ID DRB ID PDCP, RLC, MAC and PHY Configuration
eNB
UE
Page79
E-UTRA Configuration Cont.

Various parameters can influence the performance, these include:

PDCP Compression.
RLC AM or UM.
RLC AM Polling Configuration. Uplink MAC Priority. Uplink MAC Prioritized Bit Rate. Uplink MAC Bucket Size Duration. HARQ Configuration and re-transmissions. BSR (Buffer Status Report) Configuration.
SPS (Semi Persistent Scheduling) Configuration.

Physical Channel and Power Configuration.
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Questions
The EPS Bearer typically is identified between the UE and which other entity?
a. eNB. b. MME. c. S-GW.
d. PDN-GW.
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Questions
What is used in the PDN-GW and the UE to map IP datagrams to the correct EPS bearer?
Page82
Questions

How many EPS bearers can a UE have? a. 5. b. 6.
c.
7.
d. 8. e. 9.
Page83
Questions
Which QCI value is linked to IMS signaling?
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Contents

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Contents
4. Radio Resource Control
4.1 The RRC Layer 4.2 RRC Structure 4.3 RRC States 4.4 RRC Services
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Contents
Page87
RRC Interaction with Lower Layers
NAS
RRC Control
RRC PDCP RLC MAC Physical
IP
Page88
Services Provided To Upper Layers

The RRC protocol offers the following services to upper layers:

Broadcast of common control information. Notification of UEs in RRC Idle mode. Transfer of dedicated control information.
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Services Expected From Lower Layers

The main services that RRC expects from lower layers include:

PDCP - integrity protection and ciphering. RLC - a reliable and in-sequence transfer of information,
without introducing duplicates and with support for

segmentation and concatenation.
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Contents
Page91
eNB Structure
Non Access Stratum Access Stratum
Relay EMM and ESM Signaling
Relay IP Datagrams
RRC
RRM
EPS Bearers PDCP RLC MAC Physical User Plane
PDCP RLC MAC Physical Control Plane
Page92
Contents
Page93
RRC States
PLMN Selection Broadcast of System Information Cell Selection
RRC Connection (SRB) RRC Context in eNB UE Known in a Cell Send and/or Receive Data to/from UE Network Controlled Mobility Measurement Control UE Monitors Scheduling Control Channel UE Reports Channel Quality UE can send Feedback Information DRX can be Configured
DRX configured by NAS Broadcast of System Information Paging Cell Reselection Mobility GUTI Allocated Located in Tracking Area(s) No RRC Context Stored in the eNB
LTE Detached
LTE Active RRC Connected
LTE Idle RRC Idle
Page94
Functions
Broadcast of SI (System Information):
Including NAS common information.
Information applicable for UEs in RRC Idle mode.

Including ETWS (Earthquake and Tsunami Warning System) notification.
Page95
Functions Cont.
RRC Connection control:
Paging.
Establishment/modification/release of RRC connection.

Initial security activation. RRC connection mobility
Establishment/modification/release of RBs
Radio configuration control QoS control
Recovery from Radio Link failure.
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Functions Cont.
Inter-RAT mobility including e.g. security activation, transfer of RRC context information.
Measurement configuration and reporting:
Establishment/modification/release of measurements. Setup and release of measurement gaps. Measurement reporting.
Other functions including e.g. transfer of dedicated NAS information and non-3GPP dedicated information, transfer of UE radio access capability information, support for E-UTRAN sharing (multiple PLMN identities).
Generic protocol error handling.

Support of self-configuration and self-optimization.
Page97
E-UTRA RRC State Interaction

GSM Connected
Cell_DCH Handover
E-UTRA RRC Connected
Handover GPRS Packet Transfer Mode
Cell_FACH Cell_PCH URA_PCH Connection Establishment/ Release
CCO with NACC

Connection Establishment/ Release
Reselection
Connection Establishment/ Release
CCO, Reselection
UTRA_Idle
Reselection
E-UTRA RRC Idle
Reselection CCO, Reselection
GSM Idle/GPRS Packet Idle
Page98
Mobility Procedures between E-UTRA and CDMA2000

1xRTT CS Active Handover E-UTRA RRC Connected Connection Establishment/ Release Handover HRPD Active
1xRTT Dormant
Reselection
E-UTRA RRC Idle
Reselection
HRPD Idle
Page99
Contents
Page100
MIB and SIB1 Parameters

SIB1 PLMN Identity List Tracking Area Code Cell Identity Cell Barred Indication Intra Frequency Reselection CSG Indication and Identity Cell Selection Information P-Max Frequency Band Indicator Scheduling Information List TDD Configuration SIB Window Length System Info Value Tag
M IB Bandwidth PHICH SFN
eNB MIB SIB1
Page101
LTE SIBs
SIB2 Access Class Information Radio Resource Configuration Common UE-Timers And Constants Uplink Frequency Information MBSFN Configuration Information Time Alignment Timer Common SIB3 Cell Reselection Information Q-Hyst Speed State Reselection Parameters Cell Reselection Serving Freq Info S-Non-Intra Search Info Threshold Serving Low Value Cell Reselection Priority Intra Freq Cell Reselection Info q-RxLevMin p-Max s-IntraSearch Allowed Measurement Bandwidth Presence Antenna Port 1 Neighbor Cell Config t-ReselectionEUTRA t-ReselectionEUTRA-SF SIB4 Intra Freq Neighbour Cell List Physical Cell ID q-OffsetCell Intra Freq Black Cell List CSG Physical Cell Id Range
SIB5 Inter Frequency Carrier Freq List Inter Frequency Carrier Freq Info Inter Frequency Neighbour Cell List Inter Frequency Neighbour Cell Info Inter Frequency Black Cell List SIB6 Carrier Frequency List UTRA (FDD/TDD) t-Reselection UTRA SIB7 t-Reselection GERAN Carrier Frequency Info List SIB8 CDMA2000 Reselection Information SIB9 Home eNB Name SIB10 ETWS Primary Notification SIB11 ETWS Secondary Notification
Page102
RRC Paging
Paging Paging Record List - UE Identity (S-TMSI or IMSI) - CN Domain System Info Modification ETWS Indication
eNB Paging
Page103
RRC Connection
RRC Connection Request UE Identity Cause
UE
RRC Connection Request RRC Connection Setup
eNB
RRC Connection Setup Radio Resource Config Dedicated - srb-ToAddModList - drb-ToAddModList - drb-ToReleaseList - MAC Main Config - SPS Config - Physical Config Dedicated
RRC Connection Setup Complete
RRC Connection Setup Complete Selected PLMN-Identity Registered MME Dedicated Info NAS
Page104
RRC Connection Reject
On reception of a RRC Connection Reject:
Stop timer T300 (Stops on reception of RRC Connection Setup or RRC
Connection Reject message).
Reset MAC and release the MAC configuration. Start timer T302, with the timer value set to the Wait Time. Inform upper layers about the failure to establish the RRC connection and that access barring for mobile originating calls, mobile originating signalling and mobile terminating access is applicable, upon which the procedure ends;UE utilizes the T302 timer.
Page105
Initial Security Activation

Security M ode Command Ciphering Algorithm Integrity Protection Algorithm
UE
Security Mode Command Security Mode Complete
Security Mode Failure
eNB
Page106
RRC Connection Reconfiguration

RRC Connection Reconfiguration Request Measurement Configuration Mobility Control Information Dedicated Info NAS Radio Resource Config Dedicated - srb-ToAddModList - drb-ToAddModList - drb-ToReleaseList - MAC Main Config - SPS Config - Physical Config Dedicated Security Configuration HO
UE
eNB RRC Connection Reconfiguration Request RRC Connection Reconfiguration Complete RRC Connection Re-establishment
Page107
Counter Check
UE Counter Check Counter Check Response
eNB
Counter Check drb-CountMSB-InfoList - DRB-CountMSB-Info -- drb-Identity -- countMSB-Uplink -- countMSB-Downlink
Page108
RRC Connection Re-establishment

The UE initiates the procedure when AS security has been activated and one of the following conditions is met:

Upon detecting RLF (Radio Link Failure). Upon handover failure.
Upon mobility from E-UTRA failure.

Upon integrity check failure indication from lower layers. Upon an RRC Connection Reconfiguration failure.
Page109
RRC Connection Re-establishment
UE
eNB RRC Connection Reestablishment Request RRC Connection Reestablishment RRC Connection Reestablishment Complete
Page110
RRC Connection Re-establishment Cause Values
The RRC Connection Reestablishment Request message includes a cause value:
Reconfiguration Failure. Handover Failure.
Other Failure.
Page111
RRC Connetion Release
UE
eNB RRC Connection Release
RRC Connection Release Release Cause Redirected Carrier Info Idle Mode Mobility Control Info
Page112
Information Transfer
UE DL Information Transfer UL Information Transfer
eNB
DL or UL Information Transfer Dedicated Info NAS Dedicated Info CDMA2000-1XRTT Dedicated Info CDMA2000-HRPD
Page113
Measurement Configuration
Intra-frequency measurements: measurements at the downlink carrier frequency of the serving cell.
Inter-frequency measurements: measurements at frequencies that differ from the downlink carrier frequency of the serving cell.
Inter-RAT measurements of UTRA frequencies. Inter-RAT measurements of GERAN frequencies.
Inter-RAT measurements of CDMA2000 HRPD or

CDMA2000 1xRTT frequencies.
Page114
Measurement Configuration
RRC Connection Reconfiguration Request Measurement Configuration - measObjectToRemoveList - measObjectToAddModList - reportConfigToRemoveList - reportConfigToAddModList - measIdToRemoveList - measIdToAddModList - quantityConfig - measGapConfig - s-Measure
UE
eNB RRC Connection Reconfiguration Request RRC Connection Reconfiguration Complete
Page115
Measurement Objects
RRC Connection Reconfiguration Request Measurement Configuration - measObjectToAddModList -- measObjectId -- measObject measObjectEUTRA --- carrierFreq --- allowedMeasBandwidth --- presenceAntennaPort1 --- neighCellConfig --- offsetFreq --- cellsToAddModList ---- cellIndex ---- physCellId ---- cellIndividualOffset
UE
Page116
Report Configuration
RRC Connection Reconfiguration Request Measurement Configuration - reportConfigToAddModList -- reportConfigId -- reportConfig reportConfigEUTRA --- triggerType event ---- eventId e.g. eventA1 ----- a1-Threshold threshold-RSRP ---- hysteresis ---- timeToTrigger --- triggerQuantity (RSRP) --- reportQuantity --- maxReportCells --- reportInterval --- reportAmount
UE
Page117
Periodical Reporting
eNB
eNB
Periodical Reporting
UE
Report Interval (ms120, ms240, ms480, ms640, ms1024, ms2048, ms5120, ms10240, min1, min6, min12, min30, min60)
Page118
Measurement Based Triggering Events

Event A1 - serving cell becomes better than the threshold. Event A2 - serving cell becomes worse than the threshold.
Event A3 - neighbor cell becomes (including offset) better than the

serving cell.
Event A4 - neighbor cell becomes better than the threshold.
Event A5 - serving cell becomes worse than Thresh1 (Threshold1) and

the neighbor cell becomes better than Thresh2 (Threshold2).
Event B1 - Inter RAT neighbor cell becomes better than threshold. Event B2 - serving cell becomes worse than threshold1 and inter RAT neighbor cell becomes better than threshold2.
Page119
Event Based Trigger (Event A3)

A3 Offset (-30 to 30dB)
eNB
eNB
Event Reporting
UE
TTT (Time to Trigger)
Report Interval and Report Amount
Page120
Event A3 Example
Serving Cell (Including Offsets) Serving Cell Leave Enter Enter Neighboring Cell (Including Offsets) Hysteresis
Event Reporting UE
TTT Not Met
TTT
Measurement Report
Page121
Event A3 TTT Timer
Entering condition:
Mn+ Ofn + Ocn Hys > Ms + Ofs + Ocs + Off
Leaving condition:
Mn+ Ofn + Ocn+ Hys < Ms + Ofs + Ocs + Off
Page122
Cell Selection
Qrxlevmeas Qrxlevmeas eNB UE Srxlev > 0 Srxlev = Qrxlevmeas - (Qrxlevmin + Qrxlevminoffset ) - Pcompensation eNB eNB Qrxlevmeas
Page123
Cell Reselection

Intra-frequency Measurements If Squal > Sintrasearch - the UE may choose not to perform intra-frequency measurements.
If Squal <= Sintrasearch - the UE performs intra-frequency
measurements.
If Sintrasearch is not sent for the serving cell then the UE performs intra-frequency measurements.
Inter-frequency or Inter-RAT Measurements
Page124
Cell Reselection

High and Medium Mobility State Medium-mobility state criteria - this is met if the number of cell reselections during time period TCRmax exceeds NCR_M and does not exceed NCR_H.
High-mobility state criteria - this is met if the number of cell reselections during time period TCRmax exceeds NCR_H.
Ranking of Cells
Rs = Qmeas,s + Qhyst Rn = Qmeas,n - Qoffset
Page125
Questions
What are the two main RRC states?
Page126
Questions
True/False. LTE uses substates like Cell_PCH and Cell_FACH?
Page127
Questions
Which message is used to trigger LTE intra system handovers?
a. System Information. b. RRC Connection Setup. c. RRC Connection Reconfiguration.
d. Measurement Control.
Page128
Questions
Which event indicates that a neighboring cell is better than a serving cell by an offset?
a. Event A1. b. Event A2. c. Event A3.
d. Event A4.
Page129
Questions
Which message is used to configure measurement reporting and criteria?
a. System Information. b. RRC Connection Setup. c. RRC Connection Reconfiguration.
d. Measurement Control.
Page130
Contents

Page131
Contents
5.1 PDCP Operation
Page132
PDCP Functions
UE/eNB Transmitting PDCP Entity Sequence Numbering Header Compression (User Plane) Packet associated to a PDCP SDU Integrity Protection (Control Plane) Ciphering Add PDCP Header Radio Interface Packet not associated to a PDCP SDU UE/eNB Receiving PDCP Entity Re-ordering (User Plane) Header Decompression (User Plane) Packet associated to a PDCP SDU Integrity Verification (Control Plane) Deciphering Remove PDCP Header
Packet not associated to a PDCP SDU
Page133
PDCP Header Compression Profiles

Profile Identifier 0x0000 0x0001 0x0002 0x0003 0x0004 0x0006 0x0101 0x0102 0x0103 0x0104 Usage: No compression RTP/UDP/IP UDP/IP RFC ESP/IP RFC IP TCP/IP RTP/UDP/IP UDP/IP ESP/IP IP Reference RFC 4995 RFC 4815 RFC 3095, RFC 4815 RFC 3095, RFC 4815 RFC 3843, RFC 4815 RFC 4996 RFC 5225 RFC 5225 RFC 5225 RFC 5225
Page134
Control Plane PDCP Data PDU for SRB

Reserved Bits
Sequence Number for SRB
R
Message Authentication Code
PDCP SN Data ... MAC-I MAC-I (cont.) MAC-I (cont.) MAC-I (cont.)
Oct 1 Oct 2 Oct Oct Oct Oct N-3 N-2 N-1 N
Page135
Data Plane PDCP Data PDU for DRB (Long PDCP SN)
12 bit Sequence Number UM and AM Data
1=Data PDU
D/C
R R PDCP SN PDCP SN (Continued) Data ...
Oct 1 Oct 2 Oct 3
Page136
Data Plane PDCP Data PDU for DRB (Short PDCP SN)
7 bit Sequence Number UM Data
1=Data PDU
D/C
PDCP SN Data ...
Oct 1 Oct 2
Page137
PDCP Control PDU - Status Report

000
0=Control PDU
First Missing PDCP Sequence Number
D/C
PDU Type FMS FMS (cont.) Bitmap (optional) ... Bitmap (optional)
Oct 1 Oct 2 Oct 3 Oct 2+N
Page138
PDCP Control PDU - Feedback Report
0=Control PDU
001
D/C
PDU Type R R R Interspersed ROHC Feedback Packet ...
Oct 1
Page139
PDCP ROHC

Initialization and Refresh First - Order Second - Order
Page140
PDCP ROHC
PDCP Header VoIP RTP UDP IPv4
UE
eNB
PDCP Header
VoIP Compressed
First Order ROHC Feedback
Page141
PDCP Integrity
Count Direction Message Bearer Count Direction Message Bearer
Key
EIA
Key
EIA
MAC-I
XMAC-I
Page142
Count Value
HFN part is equal to 32 minus length of PDCP SN

HFN PDCP SN
Page143
PDCP Ciphering
Count Direction Bearer Length Count Direction Bearer Length
Key
EEA Keystream Block
Key
EEA Keystream Block
Plaintext Block
Ciphertext Block
Plaintext Block
Page144
Questions
True / False. PDCP is involved in NAS Ciphering.
Page145
Questions
What size PDCP Sequence Number supports UM and AM RLC Modes?
a. 5bits. b. 7bits. c. 12bits.
d. 14bits.
Page146
Questions
True / False. EEA0, EEA1 and EEA2 encrypt information in the air interface?
Page147
Questions
What term is used to identify IP header compression in LTE?
Page148
Contents

Page149
Contents
6. Radio Link Control and Medium Access Control
6.1 RLC Functions 6.2 RLC Modes and Formatting 6.3 MAC Functions 6.4 MAC Architecture 6.5 MAC Formatting
Page150
Contents
Page151
Services Provided to Upper Layers

Upper Layers RLC TMEntity TMEntity UMEntity UMEntity AM-Entity
Page152
Services Expected from Lower Layers

Data transfer. Notification of a transmission opportunity, together with the total size of the RLC PDU (Protocol Data Units) to be transmitted in the transmission opportunity.
Page153
Functions of the RLC Sublayer

Transfer of upper layer PDUs. Error correction through ARQ.
Concatenation, segmentation and reassembly of RLC SDU (Service Data

Units).
Re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs.
Reordering of RLC data PDUs.

Duplicate detection. RLC SDU discard. RLC re-establishment. Protocol error detection.
Page154
Contents
Page155
Transparent Mode RLC
Transmitting TM-RLC Entity Transmission Buffer
Receiving TM-RLC Entity
BCCH/PCCH/CCCH
Uu
Page156
Unacknowledged Mode RLC

Transmitting UM-RLC Entity Transmission Buffer Segmentation and Concatenation Add RLC Header DTCH Receiving UM-RLC Entity SDU Reassembly Remove RLC Header Reception Buffer and HARQ Reordering Uu
Page157
Acknowledged Mode Functions

Segmentation and reassembly. Concatenation. Error correction. In-sequence delivery of higher layer data.
Duplicate detection.
Page158
Acknowledged Mode RLC

AM-RLC Entity Transmission Buffer RLC Control Segmentation and Concatenation Retransmission Buffer SDU Reassembly
Remove RLC Header Reception Buffer & HARQ Reordering
Add RLC Header DCCH/DTCH
Routing DCCH/DTCH
Page159
RLC PDU Formats
Data Transfer Mode Transparent Unacknowledged Acknowledged
PDU Name TMD UMD AMD AMD Segment Status
Page160
RLC UMD 5bit SN
Frame Information
Extension Bit
5bit SN
FI
E Data ... Data
SN
Oct 1 Oct 2
Oct N
Page161
RLC UMD 10bit SN

Frame Information
10bit SN
Extension Bit
R1
R1
R1
FI SN Data ... Data
SN
Oct 1 Oct 2 Oct 3
Oct N
Page162
FI Field Interpretation
Value 00 Description First byte of the Data field corresponds to the first byte of a RLC SDU. Last byte of the Data field corresponds to the last byte of a RLC SDU.
01
First byte of the Data field corresponds to the first byte of a RLC SDU. Last byte of the Data field does not correspond to the last byte of a RLC SDU.
10
First byte of the Data field does not correspond to the first byte of a RLC SDU. Last byte of the Data field corresponds to the last byte of a RLC SDU.
11
First byte of the Data field does not correspond to the first byte of a RLC SDU. Last byte of the Data field does not correspond to the last byte of a RLC SDU.
Page163
RLC UMD with 2 Length Indicators
FI
E= 1
E= 1
SN LI1
E= 0
Oct 1 Oct 2 LI2
LI1
LI2 Data ... Data Oct N
Padding is required for odd number of extensions
Page164
AMD PDU
Re-segmentation Flag (AMD PDU)
Poll Bit
Extension Bit
D/C=1 (Data PDU)
D/C RF=0
10bit SN
FI SN Data ... Data
SN
Oct 1 Oct 2
Oct N
Page165
RLC AMD with Odd Number of Length Indicators
D/C RF=0
E= 0
FI SN LI
E= 1
SN
Oct 1 Oct 2
Padding for odd number of LIs
LI Data ... Data
LI
Oct N
Page166
RLC AMD PDU Segment

Re-segmentation Flag (AMD PDU Segment)
Last Segment Flag
D/C RF=1 LSF
FI SN SO SO Data ... Data
E= 0
SN
Segment Offset
Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct
1 2 3 4 5
Oct N
Page167
AMD Segmentation
Data Segment Offset x AMD
Data
Segment Offset x LSF=1
AMD Segment
Data
Segment Offset 0 LSF=0
AMD Segment
Page168
RLC Status PDU

D/C=0 (Control PDU)
Control PDU Type 1 = Status PDU
Set of NACK_SN, E1 and E2
D/C
Set of SOstart and SOend follows
CPT ACK_SN ACK_SN E1 NACK_SN E1 E2 NACK_SN NACK_SN E1 E2 SOstart SOstart SOend SOend SOend Padding ...
Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Page169
RLC Timers

t-PollRetransmit t-Reordering t-StatusProhibit
Page170
Configurable Parameters

maxRetxThreshold pollPDU pollByte sn-FieldLength
Page171
Contents
Page172
MAC Services

Mapping Multiplexing HARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request) Radio Resource Allocation
Formatting
Page173
Services Expected from the Physical Layer

Data transfer services. Signaling of HARQ feedback. Signaling of Scheduling Request. Measurements, e.g. CQI (Channel Quality Indication).
Page174
Contents
Page175
MAC Architecture
PCCH BCCH CCCH DCCH DTCH MAC Control
Logical Channel Prioritization (UL Only) (De-) Multiplexing Random Access Control M AC PCH BCH DL-SCH UL-SCH RACH Lower Layers
Control
HARQ
Page176
Contents
Page177
MAC PDU for DL-SCH and ULSCH

"1" to indicate another set of R/R/E/LCID R F Format Bit 0=7bits R E L Data LCID Logical Channel Identity Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct 1 2 3 4 N
R F Format Bit 1=15bits
E L L Data
LCID
Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct
1 2 3 4 N
Page178
LCID Coding for DL-SCH

LCID Index 00000 00001-01010 01011-11011 11100 11101 11110 11111 Description CCCH Identity of the logical channel Reserved UE Contention Resolution Identity Timing Advance Command DRX Command Padding
Page179
LCID Coding for UL-SCH

LCID Index 00000 00001-01010 01011-11001 11010 11011 11100 11101 11110 11111 Description CCCH Identity of the logical channel Reserved Power Headroom Report C-RNTI Truncated BSR Short BSR Long BSR Padding
Page180
MAC Subheaders
LCID indicates content
Sub Header C
Sub Header B
Sub Header A
MAC is able to multiplex Logical Channels into single transmission
Page181
Timing Advance Parameter
Timing Advance Command
Oct 1
Page182
Buffer Status Report
Short BSR and Truncated BSR format
LCG ID
Buffer Size
Oct 1
Long BSR format

Buffer #0 Buffer #1 Buffer #2 Buffer #1 Buffer #2 Buffer #3 Oct 1
Page183
Power Control Headroom

P Maximum UE Output Power PHR
Power
UE
eNB
Power Headroom
Oct 1
Page184
Power Headroom Report Mapping

PH 0 1 2 3 . Reported value POWER_HEADROOM_0 POWER_HEADROOM_1 POWER_HEADROOM_2 POWER_HEADROOM_3 . Measured Quantity Value (dB) -23 PH < -22 -22 PH < -21 -21 PH < -20 -20 PH < -19 .
62
63
POWER_HEADROOM_62
POWER_HEADROOM_63
39 PH < 40
PH 40
Page185
Random Access Process

UE RACH PRACH Preamble Sequence MAC Scheduling Grant UL-SCH RRC Connection Request RRC Connection Setup UL-SCH RRC Connection Setup Complete Signalling Radio Bearer (RRC Connected) eNB
MAC RAR
MAC Contention Resolution
DL-SCH
Page186
Random Access Response

E Sub Header A Sub Header B Sub Header n MAC RAR A MAC RAR B MAC RAR n R TA T RAPID or BI RAPID Oct 1
M AC RAR TA UL Grant UL Grant UL Grant Temporary C-RNTI Temporary C-RNTI
Page187
Uplink Grant
Parameter Hopping Flag Size (bits) 1 Description Indicates whether the allocation should be using uplink hopping.
Fixed Size Resource Block Assignment Truncated Modulation and Coding Scheme
10 4
The assigned uplink resources. Indication of modulation and coding scheme to use.
TPC Command for Scheduled PUSCH
Initial power control feedback, e.g. -4dB.
UL Delay
Indicates whether uplink assignment is delayed until the next subframe, e.g. K+4+1.
CQI Request
Indicates whether the UE has been requested to multiplex the CQI (Channel Quality Indicator) into the scheduled PUSCH transmission.
Page188
Backoff Indicator
E Sub Header A Sub Header B Sub Header n MAC RAR B MAC RAR n
BI
Oct 1
RAPID or BI Backoff Indicator 0 - 960ms
Page189
Questions
True / False. RLC is able to provide an ARQ mechanism?
Page190
Questions
What two sizes of RLC sequence number are used for RLC UM?
a. 5bits. b. 7bits. c. 10bits.
d. 12bits.
Page191
Questions
True / False. The AMD PDU segment is also available in Release 8 HSPA+ systems?
Page192
Questions
Which parameter is used by MAC for logical channel mapping?
Page193
Questions

How many LCID values are available for EPS bearers? a. 4. b. 8.
c.
10.
d. 12.
Page194
Contents

Page195
Contents
7. X2/S1 Interface and Protocols
7.1 X2AP Functions and Procedures 7.2 S1AP Functions and Procedures 7.3 User Plane GTP Functions and Procedures
Page196
Contents
Page197
X2AP Functions and Procedures

E-UTRAN Control Plane X2AP RNL TNL
eNB
User Plane IP GTP-U UDP IP Layer 2 Layer 1
SCTP IP Layer 2
eNB
X2
Layer 1
Page198
Mapping between X2AP Functions and X2AP EPs

Function Mobility Management Elementary Procedure(s) a) Handover Preparation. b) SN Status Transfer. c) UE Context Release. d) Handover Cancel.
Load Management
a) Load Indication. b) Resource Status Reporting Initiation.
c) Resource Status Reporting.
Reporting of General Error Situations Resetting the X2 Setting up the X2 eNB Configuration Update
Error Indication. Reset. X2 Setup. eNB Configuration Update.
Page199
X2 Elementary Procedures (Class 1)

Elementary Procedure Initiating Message HANDOVER REQUEST Successful Outcome Response message HANDOVER REQUEST ACKNOWLEDGE Unsuccessful Outcome Response message HANDOVER PREPARATION FAILURE Handover Preparation
Reset
RESET REQUEST
RESET RESPONSE
X2 Setup
X2 SETUP REQUEST ENB CONFIGURATIO N UPDATE
X2 SETUP RESPONSE
X2 SETUP FAILURE
eNB Configuration Update
ENB CONFIGURATION UPDATE ACKNOWLEDGE
ENB CONFIGURATION UPDATE FAILURE
Resource Status Reporting Initiation
RESOURCE STATUS REQUEST
RESOURCE STATUS RESPONSE
RESOURCE STATUS FAILURE
Page200
X2 Elementary Procedures (Class 2)

Elementary Procedure Load Indication Handover Cancel SN Status Transfer UE Context Release Resource Status Reporting Error Indication Initiating Message LOAD INFORMATION HANDOVER CANCEL SN STATUS TRANSFER UE CONTEXT RELEASE RESOURCE STATUS UPDATE ERROR INDICATION
Page201
Message Formatting

Presence Range Criticality
Page202
Basic Mobility Procedures Handover Preparation

Handover Request Old eNB UE X2AP ID Cause ECGI GUMMEI UE Context Information - MME UE S1AP ID - UE Security Capabilities - AS Security Information - UE Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate - Subscriber Profile ID for RAT/Frequency Priority - E-RAB To Be Setup List UE History Information Trace Activation (O) SRVCC Operation Possible (O)
eNB Source
eNB Target
Handover Request Handover Request Acknowledge

Handover Request Acknowledge Old eNB UE X2AP ID New eNB UE X2AP ID E-RABs Admitted List E-RABs Not Admitted List (O) Target eNB To Source eNB Transparent Container Criticality Diagnostics (O)
Page203
X2 Handover Preparation Failure
eNB Source Handover Request Handover Preparation Failure
eNB Target
Handover Preparation Failure Old eNB UE X2AP ID Cause Criticality Diagnostics (O)
Page204
X2 SN Status Transfer
SN Status Transfer Old eNB UE X2AP ID New eNB UE X2AP ID E-RABs Subject To Status Transfer List - E-RAB ID - Receive Status Of UL PDCP SDUs (O) - UL COUNT Value - DL COUNT Value SN Status Transfer
eNB Source
eNB Target
Page205
X2 UE Context Release
eNB Source
UE Context Release Old eNB UE X2AP ID New eNB UE X2AP ID UE Context Release
eNB Target
Page206
X2 Handover Cancel
eNB Source
Handover Cancel Old eNB UE X2AP ID New eNB UE X2AP ID Cause Handover Cancel
eNB Target
Page207
X2 Load Indication
Load Indication Cell Information - Cell Information Item -- Cell ID -- UL Interference Overload Indication -- UL High Interference Information --- Target Cell ID --- UL High Interference Indication --- RNTP (Relative Narrowband Tx Power) Load Indication
eNB
eNB
Page208
X2 Uplink Interference
UL High Interference Information (bitmap)
eNB
0 1 1 0 Medium Medium Medium High PRB 0 PRB 1 PRB 2 PRB 3

UL Interference Overload Indication
0 High PRB 4
0 Low PRB 5
Page209
Downlink RNTP
RNTP (Relative Narrowband Tx Power) Bitmap and Parameters 1 0 0 1 1 1
Downlink Power
eNB
PRB 0
PRB 1
PRB 2
PRB 3
PRB 4
PRB 5
Page210
X2 Resource Status Request

Resource Status Request eNB1 Measurement ID eNB2 Measurement ID (C) - If Registration Stop Registration Request - Start or Stop Report Characteristics (O) Cell To Report Reporting Periodicity (O)
eNB Resource Status Request Resource Status Response
Resource Status Response eNB1 Measurement ID eNB2 Measurement ID Criticality Diagnostics (O)
eNB
Page211
X2 Resource Status Update
eNB Resource Status Update Resource Status Update eNB1 Measurement ID eNB2 Measurement ID Cell Measurement Result - ECGI - Hardware Load Indicator - S1 TNL Load Indicator - Radio Resource Status
eNB
Page212
X2 Setup Request
X2 Setup Request Global eNB ID Served Cells - Served Cell Information - Neighbor Information -- ECGI -- PCI -- EARFCN GU Group Id List (C)
eNB X2 Setup Request X2 Setup Response

X2 Setup Response Global eNB ID Served Cells - Served Cell Information - Neighbor Information -- ECGI -- PCI -- EARFCN GU Group Id List (C) Criticality Diagnostics
eNB
Page213

eNB Configuration Update Served Cells To Add Served Cells To Modify Served Cells To Delete GU Group Id To Add List GU Group Id To Delete List
eNB eNB Configuration Update eNB Configuration Update Acknowledgment eNB
eNB Configuration Update Acknowledgment Criticality Diagnostics
Page214
Contents
Page215
S1 Control and User Plane

Control Plane S1AP RNL User Plane IP GTP-U SCTP IP Layer 2 Layer 1 S1-M M E UDP IP Layer 2 Layer 1 S1-U
Page216
S1AP Elementary Procedures (Class 1)

Elementary Procedure Initiating Message Successful Outcome Response message Handover Preparation HANDOVER REQUIRED HANDOVER COMMAND Unsuccessful Outcome Response message HANDOVER PREPARATION FAILURE Handover Resource Allocation HANDOVER REQUEST HANDOVER REQUEST ACKNOWLEDGE HANDOVER FAILURE Path Switch Request PATH SWITCH REQUEST PATH SWITCH REQUEST ACKNOWLEDGE PATH SWITCH REQUEST FAILURE
Handover Cancellation
HANDOVER CANCEL
HANDOVER CANCEL ACKNOWLEDGE
E-RAB Setup E-RAB Modify E-RAB Release Initial Context Setup Reset S1 Setup UE Context Release
E-RAB SETUP REQUEST E-RAB MODIFY REQUEST E-RAB RELEASE COMMAND INITIAL CONTEXT SETUP REQUEST RESET S1 SETUP REQUEST UE CONTEXT RELEASE COMMAND
E-RAB SETUP RESPONSE E-RAB MODIFY RESPONSE E-RAB RELEASE RESPONSE INITIAL CONTEXT SETUP RESPONSE RESET ACKNOWLEDGE S1 SETUP RESPONSE UE CONTEXT RELEASE COMPLETE S1 SETUP FAILURE INITIAL CONTEXT SETUP FAILURE
UE Context Modification
UE CONTEXT MODIFICATION REQUEST
UE CONTEXT MODIFICATION RESPONSE
UE CONTEXT MODIFICATION FAILURE
ENB CONFIGURATION UPDATE
ENB CONFIGURATION UPDATE ACKNOWLEDGE
ENB CONFIGURATION UPDATE FAILURE
MME Configuration Update
MME CONFIGURATION UPDATE
MME CONFIGURATION UPDATE ACKNOWLEDGE
MME CONFIGURATION UPDATE FAILURE
Write-Replace Warning
WRITE-REPLACE WARNING REQUEST
WRITE-REPLACE WARNING RESPONSE
Page217
S1AP Elementary Procedures (Class 2)

Elementary Procedure Handover Notification E-RAB Release Indication Paging Initial UE Message Downlink NAS Transport Uplink NAS Transport NAS non delivery indication Error Indication UE Context Release Request DownlinkS1 CDMA2000 Tunneling Message HANDOVER NOTIFY E-RAB RELEASE INDICATION PAGING INITIAL UE MESSAGE DOWNLINK NAS TRANSPORT UPLINK NAS TRANSPORT NAS NON DELIVERY INDICATION ERROR INDICATION UE CONTEXT RELEASE REQUEST DOWNLINK S1 CDMA2000 TUNNELING
Uplink S1 CDMA2000 Tunneling UE Capability Info Indication eNB Status Transfer MME Status Transfer Deactivate Trace Trace Start Trace Failure Indication Location Reporting Control Location Reporting Failure Indication Location Report Overload Start Overload Stop eNB Direct Information Transfer MME Direct Information Transfer eNB Configuration Transfer MME Configuration Transfer Cell Traffic Trace
UPLINK S1 CDMA2000 TUNNELING UE CAPABILITY INFO INDICATION eNB STATUS TRANSFER MME STATUS TRANSFER DEACTIVATE TRACE TRACE START TRACE FAILURE INDICATION LOCATION REPORTING CONTROL LOCATION REPORTING FAILURE INDICATION LOCATION REPORT OVERLOAD START OVERLOAD STOP eNB DIRECT INFORMATION TRANSFER MME DIRECT INFORMATION TRANSFER eNB CONFIGURATION TRANSFER MME CONFIGURATION TRANSFER CELL TRAFFIC TRACE
Page218
S1 Setup Request
S1 Setup Request Global eNB ID eNB Name (O) Supported TAs - TAC Broadcast PLMNs - PLMN Identity CSG Id List (O) - CSG Id Default Paging DRX
S1 Setup Request S1 Setup Response
eNB
MME
Page219
S1 Setup Response
eNB S1 Setup Request S1 Setup Response MME
S1 Setup Response MME Name (O) Served GUMMEIs - Served PLMNs -- PLMN Identity - Served GroupIDs -- MME Group ID - Served MMECs -- MME Code Relative MME Capacity Criticality Diagnostics (O)
Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page220
S1 Initial UE Message
Initial UE M essage eNB UE S1AP ID NAS-PDU TAI E-UTRAN CGI S-TMSI (O) CSG Identity (O) RRC Establishment cause GUMMEI (O) eNB Initial UE Message MME
Page221
Downlink and Uplink NAS Transport

Downlink NAS Transport MME UE S1AP ID eNB UE S1AP ID NAS-PDU Handover Restriction List (O)
eNB Downlink NAS Transport Uplink NAS Transport

Uplink NAS Transport MME UE S1AP ID eNB UE S1AP ID NAS-PDU E-UTRAN CGI TAI
MME
Page222
S1 Initial Context Setup Request

Initial Context Setup Request MME UE S1AP ID eNB UE S1AP ID UE Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate E-RAB to Be Setup List - E-RAB ID - E-RAB Level QoS Parameters - Transport Layer Address - GTP-TEID - NAS-PDU (O) UE Security Capabilities Security Key Trace Activation (O) Handover Restriction List (O) UE Radio Capability (O) Subscriber Profile ID for RAT/Frequency Priority (O) CS Fallback Indicator (O) SRVCC Operation Possible (O) eNB Initial Context Setup Request Initial Context Setup Response E-RAB ID = 5 S-GW Address and TEID MME S-GW
Create Session (GTPv2-C)
Page223
S1 Initial Context Setup Response

Initial Context Setup Response MME UE S1AP ID eNB UE S1AP ID E-RAB Setup List - E-RAB ID - Transport Layer Address - GTP-TEID E-RAB Failed to Setup List (O) Criticality Diagnostics (O) Initial Context Setup Request Initial Context Setup Response eNB Address and TEID E-RAB ID = 5 Modify Bearer S-GW Address and TEID
eNB
MME
S-GW
Page224
S1 E-RAB Setup Request

E-RAB Setup Request MME UE S1AP ID eNB UE S1AP ID UE Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate (O) E-RAB to Be Setup List - E-RAB ID - E-RAB Level QoS Parameters - Transport Layer Address - GTP-TEID - NAS-PDU
E-RAB Setup Request E-RAB Setup Response
eNB
MME
Page225
S1 E-RAB Setup Response
eNB E-RAB Setup Request E-RAB Setup Response
MME
E-RAB Setup Response MME UE S1AP ID eNB UE S1AP ID E-RAB Setup List - E-RAB ID - Transport Layer Address - GTP-TEID E-RAB Failed to Setup List (O) Criticality Diagnostics (O)
Page226
E-RAB Release Indication
E-RAB Release Indication MME UE S1AP ID eNB UE S1AP ID E-RAB Released List eNB E-RAB Release Indication MME
Page227
Requirement for S1 Handover Procedure

S11 MME S1-MME S1-U S-GW S11 S1-MME S1-U S1-U S-GW S1-U
eNB UE
eNB
Page228
S1 Handover Required
eNB Source Handover Required Handover Required MME UE S1AP ID eNB UE S1AP ID Handover Type Cause Target ID Direct Forwarding Path Availability (O) SRVCC HO Indication (O) Source to Target Transparent Container Source to Target Transparent Container Secondary (O) MS Classmark 2 (C) if SRVCC to GERAN MS Classmark 3 (C) if SRVCC to GERAN
MME
S1 Handover Command
eNB Source Handover Command Handover Command MME UE S1AP ID eNB UE S1AP ID Handover Type NAS Security Parameters from E-UTRAN (C)if to UTRAN GERAN E-RABs Subject to Forwarding List (O) - E-RAB ID - DL Transport Layer Address (O) - DL GTP-TEID (O) - UL Transport Layer Address (O) - UL GTP-TEID (O) E-RABs to Release List (O) Target to Source Transparent Container Target to Source Transparent Container Secondary (O) Criticality Diagnostics (O) MME
Page230
S1 Handover Request
Handover Request MME UE S1AP ID Handover Type Cause UE Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate E-RABs To Be Setup List - E-RAB ID - Transport Layer - GTP-TEID - E-RAB Level QoS Parameters Source to Target Transparent Container UE Security Capabilities Handover Restriction List (O) Trace Activation (O) Request Type (O) SRVCC Operation Possible (O) Security Context NAS Security Parameters to E-UTRAN (C) Handover Request Handover Request Acknowledge
eNB Target
MME
Page231
S1 Handover Request Acknowledge

Handover Request Acknowledge MME UE S1AP ID eNB UE S1AP ID E-RABs Admitted List - E-RAB ID - Transport Layer Address - GTP-TEID - DL Transport Layer Address (O) - DL GTP-TEID (O) - UL Transport Layer Address (O) - UL GTP-TEID (O) E-RABs Failed to Setup List (O) Target to Source Transparent Container Criticality Diagnostics (O) Handover Request Handover Request Acknowledge
eNB Target
MME
Page232
S1 Handover Notify
eNB Target
Handover Notify MME UE S1AP ID eNB UE S1AP ID E-UTRAN CGI TAI MME Handover Notify
Page233
S1 Path Switch Request

eNB Target eNB Source
S-GW
MME
Forwarding Path Switch Request Path Switch Request eNB UE S1AP ID E-RAB To Be Switched - E-RAB ID - Transport layer address - GTP-TEID Source MME UE S1AP ID E-UTRAN CGI TAI UE Security Capabilities Modify Bearer (GTPv2-C)
Page234
S1 Path Switch Acknowledge

eNB Target eNB Source S-GW MME
Forwarding Path Switch Request Acknowledge
Path Switch Request Acknowledge MME UE S1AP ID eNB UE S1AP ID UE Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate (O) E-RAB To Be Switched in Uplink List (O) - E-RAB ID - Transport Layer Address - GTP-TEID E-RAB To Be Released List (O) Security Context Criticality Diagnostics (O)
Page235
Handover Cancel
Handover Cancel MME UE S1AP ID eNB UE S1AP ID Cause
eNB Source
MME Handover Cancel Handover Cancel Acknowledge

Handover Cancel Acknowledge MME UE S1AP ID eNB UE S1AP ID Criticality Diagnostics (O)
Page236
S1 UE Context Release
UE Context Release Command UE S1AP ID pair or MME UE S1AP ID Cause
eNB UE Context Release Command UE Context Release Complete

UE Context Release Complete MME UE S1AP ID eNB UE S1AP ID Criticality Diagnostics (O)
MME
Page237
S1 UE Context Release Request
UE Context Release Request MME UE S1AP ID eNB UE S1AP ID Cause eNB UE Context Release Request MME
Page238
S1 Reset
Reset Cause Reset Type - S1 Interface -- Reset All - Part of S1 Interface -- UE-Associated Logical S1 Connection List Reset Reset Acknowledge
eNB
MME
Page239
S1 Trace Start
Trace Start MME UE S1AP ID eNB UE S1AP ID Trace Activation - E-UTRAN Trace ID - Interfaces To Trace - Trace depth - Trace Collection Entity IP Address eNB Trace Start MME
Page240
Location Reporting Control

Location Report Control MME UE S1AP ID eNB UE S1AP ID Request Type - Event - Report Area eNB Location Report Control MME
Page241
Overload Start
Overload Start Overload Response - Overload Action eNB Overload Start MME
Page242
Paging
Paging UE Identity Index Value UE Paging Identity Paging DRX (O) CN Domain List of TAIs - TAI CSG Id List (O) - CSG Id Paging
eNB
MME
Page243
Contents
Page244
GTP Tunnels
S11 MME
S1-MME
l ne n Tu P GT
S1-U
S-GW Transport Network Address TEID
Transport Network Address TEID eNB
Page245
GTPv1-U Header
8 7 Version 6 5 4 3 2 1 PN Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 PT (*) E S Message Type Length Length TEID TEID TEID TEID Sequence Number Sequence Number N-PDU Number Next Extension Header Type
Page246
Extension Header
1 Oct 1 Oct 2 - m Oct m + 1
Extension Header Length Extension Header Content Next Extension Header Type
Page247
GTPv1-U Procedures
Message Type Value 1 2 3-25 26 27-30 31 32-253 254 255 Message Echo Request Echo Response Reserved Error Indication Reserved Supported Extension Headers Notification Reserved End Marker G-PDU
Page248
GTPv1 Echo Procedure

Echo Request Private Extension (O) eNB Echo Request Echo Response 60s Echo Response Recovery Private Extension (O) Echo Request Echo Response S-GW
Page249
Supported Extension Headers Notification
G-PDU Including Extension Header eNB G-PDU Supported Extension Headers Notification Extension not supported S-GW
Page250
GTPv1 End Marker
eNB Target G-PDU End Marker
eNB Source
Sent for each GTP-U Tunnel S-GW G-PDU End Marker G-PDU
Page251
Questions
True / False. LTE can work without an X2 interface?
Page252
Questions
What is the name of the protocol which is used to reliably transport X2AP and S1AP signaling?
Page253
Questions
How are S1AP messages for a UE correlated?
Page254
Questions
After a mobile establishes an RRC connection, what is the first message send from the eNB across the S1-MME interface?
Page255
Questions
What message is used by a target eNB to inform the MME of a successful X2 handover?
Page256
Questions

What version of GTP is used in the E-UTRAN? a. GTPv1-C. b. GTPv1-U.
c.
GTPv2-C.
d. GTPv2-U.
Page257
Contents

Page258
Contents
8. Mobility in LTE
8.1 X2 Handover 8.2 S1 Handover 8.3 Inter RAT Handover
Page259
Contents
8. Mobility in LTE
Page260
Handover Phases
RSRP RSRQ Handover Preparation Phase Conduct Handover RSRP RSRQ
eNB Serving Cell Take Measurements and Report
eNB Neighbor Cell
Page261
X2 Based Handover with Lossless PDCP

UE
Measurement Report
eNB Source
eNB Target
MME
S-GW
RRC Connection Reconfiguration Request
Handover Request Handover Request Ack SN Status Transfer
PRACH Preamble
Page262
X2 Based Handover with Lossless PDCP

UE eNB Source Random Access Response
RRC Connection Reconfiguration Complete PDCP Status Report PDCP Status Report UE Context Release End Marker (GTP-U Message) Path Switch Request Ack End Marker (GTP-U Message)
eNB Target
MME
S-GW
Path Switch Request
Modify Bearer Request Modify Bearer Response
Page263
Mobility Control Information

RRC Connection Reconfiguration Request Measurement Configuration Mobility Control Information - TargetPhysCellId - CarrierFreq - CarrierBandwidth - AdditionalSpectrumEmission - T304 - NewUE-Identity - RadioResourceConfigCommon - Rach-ConfigDedicated Dedicated Info NAS Radio Resource Config Dedicated Security Configuration HO
eNB UE Source RRC Connection Reconfiguration Request
Page264
X2AP SN Status Transfer

End Marker 6 7 8 Downlink SN PDU eNB Source
xxxxxxx
New S1 Packets PDCP Packets
UE Stop Assigning PDCP SNs
36 35 34 Uplink SN PDU
Uplink PDCP SN = 37 Downlink PDCP SN = 9
X2AP SN Status Transfer Packets directly to new eNB

xxxxxxx
eNB Target
Contents
8. Mobility in LTE
Page266
Inter MME and S-GW Handover Preparation Phase

eNB Source eNB Target MME Source S-GW M M E Source Target S-GW Target PDN -GW
UE
Handover Required
Forward Relocation Request
Handover Request Handover Request Ack
Create Session Request Create Session Response
Page267
Inter MME and S-GW Handover Preparation Phase

eNB Source eNB Target MME Source S-GW M M E Source Target S-GW Target PDN -GW
UE
Forward Relocation Response Create Indirect Data Forwarding Tunnel Request Create Indirect Data Forwarding Tunnel Response
Create Indirect Data Forwarding Tunnel Request Create Indirect Data Forwarding Tunnel Response
Page268
Inter MME and S-GW Handover Execution Phase
UE
eNB Source
eNB Target
MME Source
S-GW M M E Source Target
S-GW Target
PDN -GW
Handover Command RRC Connection Reconfiguration Request RRC Connection Reconfiguration Complete Handover Notify
Page269
Inter MME and S-GW Handover Execution Phase
UE
eNB Source
eNB Target
MME Source
S-GW M M E Source Target
S-GW Target
PDN -GW
Forward Relocation Complete Notification Forward Relocation Complete Ack
Page270
Tracking Area Update and Clearing Resources

UE eNB Source eNB Target MME Source S-GW M M E Source Target S-GW Target PDN -GW
Tracking Area Update Procedure UE Context Release Command UE Context Release Complete Delete Session Request Delete Session Response
Delete Indirect Data Forwarding Tunnel Request Delete Indirect Data Forwarding Tunnel Response
Delete Indirect Data Forwarding Tunnel Request Delete Indirect Data Forwarding Tunnel Response
Page271
Contents
8. Mobility in LTE
Page272
E-UTRAN to UTRAN Handover

S-GW RNC eNB MME SGSN Source Target Source Target Source Handover Required Forward Relocation Request Relocation Request Relocation Request Ack Forward Relocation Response Create Indirect Data Forwarding Tunnel Request Create Indirect Data Forwarding Tunnel Response PDN -GW
UE
Page273
E-UTRAN to UTRAN Handover (cont.)

S-GW RNC eNB MME SGSN PDN -GW Source UE Target Source Target Source Handover Command Handover from E-UTRAN Handover to Relocation Complete UTRAN Command Forward Relocation Complete Notification Forward Relocation Complete Ack UE Context Release Modify Bearer Request Command Modify Bearer Response UE Context Release Complete
Questions
True / False. LTE is able to be configured to perform Lossless Intra-LTE handovers?
Page275
Questions
What is the name given to the last GTP-U message sent from S-GW to the source (old) eNB after completion?
Page276
Questions
True / False. It is possible to handover from one eNB to another even if the X2 interface is not present.
Page277
Questions

Which entity makes the decision for handovers? a. MME. b. S-GW.
c.
UE.
d. eNB.
Page278
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OEA000200 LTE Protocols and Procedures ISSUE 1.01

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LTE Protocols and Procedures

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

5. Packet Data Convergence Protocol

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5. Packet Data Convergence Protocol

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Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

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EPS Mobility & EPS Session Management UE

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IP Address - This may either be an IPv4 or IPv6 address

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CSG (Closed Subscriber Group) Identity. HeNB.

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Mobility Management Entity

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Downlink Packet Buffering

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Packet Data Network - Gateway

Transport Level Packet M arking

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EPC Architecture and Interfaces

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Additional Network Elements and Interfaces

Trusted Non 3GPP IP Access

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Which Release 8 UE category supports MIMO 4x4?

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True / False. An LTE system does not use the IMSI.

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Which node terminates the UEs NAS signaling?

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True / False. The S-GW uses DHCP to allocate the UE IP address.

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Which interface connects the eNB to the MME?

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Which interface connects an eNB logically to another eNB?

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5. Packet Data Convergence Protocol

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LTE Control Plane

MME UE Access Stratum Signaling

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LTE User Plane

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NAS EMM and ESM Procedures

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Radio Resource Control

NAS Signaling RRC PDCP RLC MAC PHY eNB

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Packet Data Convergence Protocol

NAS Signaling RRC PDCP RLC MAC PHY eNB

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