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Qhvjg Sjxjajnh ) @\ 15:1 Ujfb : dl <
QH_VJG SJXJAJNH
Bijhn?qhvjg'sjxjajnhEfijhn'`di~ @dgsj`s? +<5:<0:88<53
 
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Qhvjg hp j Pd`hjn Bgsbquqhpb @dgprnsjgs vmd pub`hjnhpbp hg cbphfghgf psqjsbfh` pdnrshdgp sd mrijghpprbp jgc jccqbpphgf dubqjshdgjn `mjnnbgfbp ldq smb dqfjghpjshdgp smjs cbnh|bq smbi' Qhvjg‘p mjgcp)dgjuuqdj`m mjp abbg cb|bndubc smqdrfm vdqkhgf vhsm idqb smjg j mrgcqbc pd`hjn bgshshbp dl jnn phbp.j`qdpp 13 `drgsqhbp hg Brqdub. Jphj. Pdrsm Jibqh`j. Jlqh`j jgc smb RP' Mb hp dg smb adjqc dl |jqhdrpgdg)uqdlhsp jqdrgc smb vdqnc jgc vjp ijcb j Lbnndv dl smb QPJ ldq mhp `dgsqharshdg sd pd`hjncb|bnduibgs hg smb RK'Uqhdq sd 1558. Qhvjg vdqkbc vhsm adsm `diibq`hjn jgc pd`hjn bgshshbp hg ujqjnnbn; jp j ArphgbppSqjgpldqijshdg jgc Ijgjfbibgs @dgprnsjgs lhqps sd smb Uranh` Pb`sdq vhsm Ndfh`j Arphgbpp @dgprnshgf.jgc smbg smb Chfhsjn. Qbsjhn jgc @diibq`hjn Pb`sdqp vhsm @dg`mjgfd jgc @mjqsbqhp. vmhnb phirnsjgbdrpnxjc|hphgf jgc pruudqshgf j griabq dl gdg)uqdlhsp uqd)adgd hg mhp pujqb shib'
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Ldrgcbq jgc Uqhg`hujn. Pd`hjn Bllb`s -Gdg)Uqdlhs , PB Jc|hpdqx(53$5= ‐ 5<$58
Pbghdq Ijgjfbibgs @dgprnsjgs. @mjqsbqhp -Qbsjhn Hggd|jshdg(58$5< ‐ 50$5=
Ijgjfbibgs @dgprnsjgs. @dg`mjgfd -Chfhsjn Psqjsbfx , B`diibq`b(5=$53 ‐ 5=$5<
Arphgbpp @dgprnsjgs. Ndfh`j -Arphgbpp @mjgfb , Sqjgpldqijshdg(:5$50 ‐ 56$53
@dgprnsjgs. @jiPhfms J``bpphanb Vba Uqdob`s -Chpjahnhsx Udqsjnp(56$50 ‐ :5$50
Jgjnxps -0ism `dgsqj`s(. @jiaqhcfbpmhqb @drgsx @drg`hn -Vjpsb Ijgjfbibgs(51$50 ‐ 56$50
Lhgjg`hjn Jgjnxps -<ism `dgsqj`s(. QAP -Lhgjg`hjn jgc Qbfrnjsdqx @diunhjg`b(:5$55 ‐ 5=$5:
@dgprnsjgs -lhgjn)xbjq uqdob`s(. Ijg`mbpsbq @hsx @drg`hn -@qhib , Chpdqcbq(5<$55 ‐ 58$55
Unjgghgf Jgjnxps -hgsbqgpmhu(. Uh Qbpbjq`m -Qj`hgf Jgjnxsh`p(
PD@HJN B]UBQHBG@B
UqdfqjiibCbphfg jgcQbpsqr`srqhgf
:3 xbjqp dl hg|dn|bibgs vhsm pd`hjn uqdfqjiibp; qjgfhgf lqdi pdnrshdg cbphfg. sdpsjqs)ru. hiunbibgsjshdg. ijgjfbibgs. p`jnhgf jgc adjqc ibiabqpmhu'
Vdqkhgf abmhgc smb p`bgbp cbphfghgf. hiunbibgshgf jgc p`jnhgf uqdfqjiibp sdjccqbpp ud|bqsx. nd`jn b`dgdih` cb|bnduibgs. qbldqbpsjshdg. `nhijsb `mjgfb.|hdnbg`b. hcbgshsx. MH\. cqrf jarpb. uqdcr`bq ijqfhgjnhpjshdg. mrijg qhfmsp.lhgjg`hjn jgc bg|hqdgibgsjn prpsjhgjahnhsx. vjsbq. bcr`jshdg. pd`hjn b}`nrphdg.`dglnh`s ibchjshdg. chpjpsbq qb`d|bqx. sqjrij. sqjllh`khgf. chpjahnhshbp. udnhsh`jn`mjgfb. `h|hn j`shdg. ibgsjn mbjnsm. vdibg&p biudvbqibgs. xdrsm js qhpk.ih`qdlhgjg`b. ljqihgf jgc jfqh`rnsrqb. chfhsjn hg`nrphdg. fbgcbq hpprbp jgcmbjnsm`jqb jidgfps dsmbqp'
Uqd|hchgf ujqsh`hujsh|b jc|h`b dg |hphdghgf. psqjsbfh` unjgghgf. ndgf sbqi qdjcijup.dqfjghpjshdgjn qb`d|bqx jgc qbpsqr`srqb. lhgjg`hjn prpsjhgjahnhsx. pd`hjn hggd|jshdg.aqjgchgf. id|bibgsp. pd`hjn ibchj ldq cb|bnduibgs. rpbq b}ubqhbg`b. uqdfqjiibcbphfg jgc ijgjfbibgs. arphgbpp idcbn hggd|jshdg. hiuj`s ibjprqbibgs.qbunh`jshdg jgc p`jnhgf ib`mjghpip'
Pbb
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ldq j `diuqbmbgph|b nhps dl uqdob`sp jgc gjsrqb dl hg|dn|bibgs
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Psqjsbfh`@dgprnshgf
@qbjshdg dl gbv HU jgc uqdudphshdgp sd ijqkbs. ajpbc jqdrgc hggd|jshgf crqhgfqb`bpphdgp. jgc `rpsdibq `bgsqh`hsx hg pd`hjn `diibq`b'
Psqjsbfh` |hphdg. `dgsb}srjn idcbnnhgf jgc qdjcijup ldq j njqfb Urqb Unjx qbsjhnbq'
Irnsh)`mjggbn psqjsbfx jgc `rpsdibq b}ubqhbg`b ldq j ijodq RK mhfm psqbbs ljpmhdgaqjgc' Vdqk hg`nrcbc sqbgc jgjnxphp. arphgbpp idcbnnhgf. hggd|jshdg ujsmp.abg`mijqkhgf. jgc jrchbg`b pbfibgsjshdg'
@qdpp)`mjggbn |hphdg jgc fqdvsm psqjsbfx ldq j njqfb fjihgf qbsjhnbq'
 
Qhvjg Sjxjajnh ) @\ 15:1 Ujfb 1 dl <
Psqjsbfh` arphgbpp sqjgpldqijshdg sd jnhfg dqfjghpjshdgjn jgc fqdru psqjsbfhbp. jgcpsqbjinhgb uqd`bppbp ldq j nbjchgf Uranhpmhgf fqdru'
Aqjgc. `rpsdibq b}ubqhbg`b jgc irnsh)`mjggbn `dgprnsjg`x sd cbnh|bq fqdvsm ldq jndgf)mjrn Jhqnhgb. cb|bnduhgf j psqjsbfh` 0xq qdjciju pdnrshdg. nb|bqjfhgf hgphfmsplqdi `rpsdibq qbpbjq`m. abg`mijqkhgf jgc `diubshsdq jgjnxphp' Ijgjfbc j `qdpp)lrg`shdgjn `dgprnshgf sbji dl :5+ arphgbpp jgc sb`mgh`jn `dgprnsjgsp
Chfhsjn psqjsbfx ldq j ihccnb ijqkbs Hg|bpsibgs Ajgk. hg`nrchgf aqjgc b|jnrjshdg.QDH lqjibvdqkp. jrchbg`b jgc uqdcr`s pbfibgsjshdg. jgc duudqsrghsx jgjnxphp. sdfjhg `diubshsh|b jc|jgsjfb smqdrfm `mjggbn hggd|jshdg'
Ijqkbs qbpbjq`m. unjgghgf. juuqdj`m jgc bgsbquqhpb sb`mgdndfx jgjnxphp sd cb|bnduMQ AUD jgc Pmjqbc Pbq|h`b uqdudphshdgp'
Arphgbpp jc|hpdqx jgc psqjsbfx cb|bnduibgs ldq abgblhsp qbjnhjshdg dg smb 055i:5 xbjq ULH arphgbpp sqjgpldqijshdg uqdfqjiib'
@nhbgs jgc psjkbmdncbq bgfjfbibgs. j``drgs ijgjfbibgs. unjgghgf jgc`diibq`hjnp ldq |jqhdrp `dgprnshgf jgc sb`mgdndfx uqdob`sp'
Njqfb p`jnb ubqldqijg`b jgc uqd`bpp qb)bgfhgbbqhgf ldq smb @UP
Lhgjg`hjn idcbnnhgf dl Ndfh`j‘p qjsb psqjsbfx ldq smb @jsjnhps Lqjibvdqk'
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Adjqc Ibiabq dl gdg)uqdlhsp hg Aqjhn. Hgchj. RP jgc Smb Umhnhuuhgbp
Hg|hsbc sd fh|b sjnkp js D}ldqc Rgh|bqphsx. HGPBJC jgc RBJ
Pbnb`sbc jp Ibgsdq ldq Jpmdkj‘p Fndajnhpbq Uqdfqjiib155=)1558
Jvjqcbc Lbnndvpmhu dl smb Qdxjn Pd`hbsx ldq Jqsp. @diibq`b jgc Ijgrlj`srqbp ldqb}ubqshpb hg Pd`hjn @diibq`b jgc vdqk cdgb dg gdg)uqdlhs xdrsm uqdob`sp'
Bnb`sbc @mjhq dl smb Adjqc ldq xdrsm `mjqhsx AJGF Bcrsjhgibgs. qbpudgphanb ldqsmbhq sqjgpldqijshdg lqdi `mjqhsx sd lhgjg`hjnnx prpsjhgjanb pd`hjn bgsbquqhpb'
Adjqc ibiabq dl Hibchjsb. Psqjsbfh` Jc|hpdq sd H)Fbghrp
Ibgsdq ldq dqfjghpjshdgp hg smb RgNsc. QHPB jgc Jpmdkj lrgchgf uqdfqjiibp'1556
Ibiabq dl @dg`mjgfd‘p hggd|jshdg jgc qbpbjq`m sbji qbpudgphanb ldq cb|bnduhgfsmdrfms)nbjcbqpmhu ajpbc dg hgphfmsp lqdi Qbsjhn jgc Pd`hjn @diibq`b'155<
Ibiabq dl Ndfh`j‘p RK Arphgbpp @dgprnsjg`x Adjqc. `qbjshgf jgc hiunbibgshgfndgf)sbqi -2 xbjq( psqjsbfx ldq cb|bnduibgs jgc fqdvsm'
Abgblhsp jgjnxphp ldq smb @DIUJPP arphgbpp `jpb mbnubc j`mhb|b dgnx smb 0qcb|bq Fqbbg Psjsrp jvjqcbc js Fd|bqgibgs Fjsbvjx Qb|hbv'1552
Mbnubc cb|bndu smb gjshdgjnnx uranhpmbc APH UJP6= J``bpphahnhsx Frhcbnhgbp'1553
Cb|bndubc smb lhqps lrnnx j``bpphanb -JJJ( udqsjn ldq |hprjnnx hiujhqbc ubdunb'1555)1550
Qb`bh|bc smb Fd|bqgibgs‘p Ihnnbgghri Jvjqc ldq vdqk dg @diirghsx B}`mjgfbUqdob`sp cb|bnduhgf nhsbqj`x hg hggbq)`hsx p`mddnp'
ZRJNHLH@JSHDGP , UQDLBPPHDGJN CB\BNDUIBGS
155< ‐ 1556
Jfhnb Uqdob`s Ijgjfbibgs; Jfhnb Bpshijshdg jgc Unjgghgf1553 ‐ 155<
@dgprnshgf Uqdlbpphdgjn; Arphgbpp Jgjnxphp; Ijgjfhgf ULH UUU @dgsqj`sp;:886 ‐ 155:
Rgh|bqphsx dl Ijg`mbpsbq ‐ Cbfqbb @njpp 1?:
 
AJ -Mdgp( hg J``drgshgf vhsm Arphgbpp Hgldqijshdg Pxpsbip
 
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J Nb|bnp ) 1< Udhgsp
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Andffhgf ,Uranh`jshdgp
Pd`hjn Bgsbquqhpb?
 mssu?$$vvv'pd`hjnbllb`s'dqf .mssu?$$vvv'fndadpd`hjn'dqf  
Ujubqp jgc Uqbpbgsjshdgp?
mssu?$$vvv'pnhcbpmjqb'gbs$qhzvjgsjxjajnh 
 
Qbsjhn , Pd`hjn @diibq`b?
 mssu?$$vvv'irnsh`mjggbnsmhgkhgf'`di  
Lbjsrqbc Jgjnxps ldq smb Fndajn Qbsjhn Ijgjfbibgs ijfjhgb
 
Qhvjg Sjxjajnh ) @\ 15:1 Ujfb 0 dl <
JUUBGCH] :' Hgsbqj`shdg vhsm Pd`hjn Uqdob`sp jqdrgc smb Vdqnc
Gdsb? Jc|hpdqx hg|dn|bibgs uqd|hcbc hg aqj`kbsp' Smb shiblqjib qjgfb hp lqdi vdqkpmdup sd ndgf)sbqi'
RK
Jpmdkj ) Pruudqshgf Pd`hjn Bgsqbuqbgbrqpmhu -Lj`hnhsjshdg. Ibgsdqhgf(
RgNsc ) Lrgchgf jgc Cb|bnduhgf Pd`hjn Bgsbquqhpb -Jc|hpdqx. Ibgsdqhgf(
Qbc Ldrgcjshdg ) Qblrfbb Biudvbqibgs -Ibgsdqhgf(
Hibchjsb ) @dglnh`s Ibchjshdg -Adjqc Ibiabq 1558(
h)Fbghrp ) Bgjanhgf jgc @dggb`shgf Pd`hjn Bgsbquqhpb -Psqjsbfh` Jc|hpdq(
AJGF Bcrsjhgibgs ) Jccqbpphgf Xdrsm B}`nrphdg -@mjhqijg 5=)58. Lhgjg`hgf. Psqjsbfx.Dqfjghpjshdgjn Qbpsqr`srqb. Fd|bqgjg`b(
Adnc @qbjsh|b ) @qbjsh|b Ibchj ldq Pd`hjn Hiuj`s -Uqdob`s$Udqsldnhd Ijgjfbibgs(
Udphsh|b S\ ) Jnsbqgjsh|b Uqdfqjiihgf ldq S\ -Lhgjg`hjn Prpsjhgjahnhsx(
Nh|hgf Nbgp ) Jccqbpphgf Aqbjkcdvgp hg @diirgh`jshdg -Psqjsbfh` Aqjgchgf. Pd`hjn Ibchj(
ChfhSjnk ) Hiuqd|hgf Sb}s sd Pubb`m -Ijqkbshgf. Arphgbpp Cb|bnduibgs(
@ddn1@jqb ) Pruudqshgf Ljihnhbp vhsm Chpjanbc @mhncqbg -Pd`hjn Ibchj(
Lddc@x`nb ) Jccqbpphgf jgc Qbrphgf Lddc Vjpsb -Aqjgc Psqjsbfx. Id|bibgs Cbphfg(
@mjgfbijkbqp ) PB Sqjhghgf ldq Xdrgf Ubdunb -Pd`hjn Bgsbquqhpb @drqpb(
SMB JIBQH@JPJqfbgshgj
Jpmdkj Jqfbgshgj ) Pd`hjn Arphgbpp. @mjgfbijkhgf -Pd`hjn Arphgbpp. Hiuj`s(
Nj Rphgj ) Chpjahnhshbp Qhfmsp jgc Biudvbqibgs -Id|bibgs. Aqjgc. Hiuj`s(
Lrgcj`hdg Nbbq ) Bcr`jshdg -Pd`hjn Ibchj. @diirgh`jshdgp Unjgghgf(
Sjgfd\hj ) Jccqbpphgf Hcbgshsx -Ihpphdg. \hphdg. Psqjsbfx(
@hihbgsdp ) Bcr`jshdg -Hiuj`s(
Aqjzhn
Jpmdkj Aqjhn ) Pd`hjn Bgsqbuqbgbrqpmhu. Pd`hjn Arphgbpp. @mjgfbijkhgf -Jc|hpdqx.Ibgsdqhgf(
@jsjnxsh` @diirghshbp ) @diirghsx Arhnchgf jgc Biudvbqibgs -Adjqc Ibiabq. Psqjsbfh`Cb|bnduibgs(
@CH ) Chfhsjn Hg`nrphdg -Idahnb Nbjqghgf jgc RK Pd`hjn Uqdfqji Cbphfg(
Smb Hgsbqgjshdgjn B}`mjgfb ) Lj`hnhsjshgf j``bpp sd Uqdlbpphdgjn Pkhnnp -Unjgghgf. Aqjgchgf.Pd`hjn Ibchj(
Lj`sdqx dl Smb Lrsrqb ) Pd`hjn Hggd|jshdg -Pd`hjn Hg`rajsdq Cbphfg(
Jxnnr Hghshjsh|b ) P`jnhgf Pd`hjn Bgsbquqhpb jgc Ih`qdlqjg`mhphgf -Adjqc Ibiabq. Ihpphdg.\hphdg. Qjhphgf Hg|bpsibgs. Arphgbpp Unjgghgf(
Jqsbihphj ) Lrgchgf Pd`hjn Bgsbquqhpb -Ihpphdg. \hphdg(
Ajq`j ) @diirghsx Jcjushdg sd @nhijsb @mjgfb -@diirgh`jshdg Psqjsbfx(
D`jqbsb ) @diirghsx Qhfmsp jgc Cb|bnduibgs -Ihpphdg. Psqjsbfx(
Uqdob`sd Jnj|jg`j ) Pd`hjn Hg`nrphdg -Jc|hpdqx(
HCB@ ) @dgpribq Qhfmsp -Psqjsbfx(
@mhnb
Qbfjnj Sr @diunbjgd ) Cb|bnduhgf @rnsrqbp dl Pmjqhgf -Unjgghgf(
Bp`rbnj cb Frhjp ) B`dgdih` Cb|bnduibgs smqdrfm Frhchgf -Ihpphdg. \hphdg. Qdjciju.Hiuj`s(
Qdcbnhnnd ) Sqjgpldqijshdg drs dl Ud|bqsx -Idcbn Pxpsbijshpjshdg. P`jnhgf(
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