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Chapter 8 Outline
– 20091. Functions and Relations
•
“A function is a special relation in which each member of the domain is paired with exactly one memberin the range.”
•
Use the
vertical line test
to determine if a relation is a function. If you can draw a vertical line thatintersects more than one point in the relation then it fails the test and
is not
a function.2. Linear Equations in Two Variables
•
“A
linear equation
in two variables is an equation in which the variables appear in separate terms andneither variable contains an exponent other than 1.”
•
Solutions of a linear equation are ordered pairs that make the equation true. To find solutions pick avalue to substitute for one variable and solve to find the value for the other. Solutions are often writtenas ordered pairs. For example:
y
=
x
+ 4Pick a value for
x
, say 7, substitute it into the equation for
x
and find
y
.
y
= 7 + 4so
y
= 11 when
x
= 7. We write the solution as an ordered pair like(7
,
11).
•
A linear equation is one of many ways to represent a function.3. Graphing linear equations using intercepts
•
To find thee
x
-intercept, let
y
= 0 in the equation and solve for
x
•
To find the
y
-intercept, let
x
= 0 and solve for
y
•
The ordered pairs of any two solutions can be used to graph a linear equation. Using the intercepts isoften the fastest.6
x
+ 7
y
= 126(0) + 7
y
= 12
y
−
intercept7
y
= 12
y
=127= 1576
x
+ 7(0) = 12
x
−
intercept6
x
= 12
x
= 2So now we can graph the
x
and
y
intercepts, and graph the equation like
   
A
   
B
4. Slope
•
Slope describes the steepness of a line. It is the ratio of the
rise
, or the vertical change, to the
run 
, thehorizontal change.slope =riserun
 
•
Slope formula:
m
=
y
2
−
y
1
x
2
−
x
1
. So to find the slope between (3
,
5) and (
−
5
,
10) we apply the formula
m
=
y
2
−
y
1
x
2
−
x
1
=10
−
5
−
5
−
3=5
−
8=
−
58So the slope between the points (3
,
5) and (
−
5
,
10) is
−
58
•
A vertical line has an “undefined” slope, and a horizontal line has a slope of 0.5. Rate of Change
•
A change in one quantity with respect to another quantity is called the
rate of change
•
If you were 55 inches tall in May and in August you measured 63 inches, then a rate of change could beused to describe the speed of your growth as63
−
55 in8
−
5 monthsso8 in3 months
→
223inches per month.
•
Direct variation
. A special type of linear equation that describes rate of change is called a “directvariation.” Written as
y
=
kx
where
k
represents the slope or rate of change. Assuming steady growth,the rate of change of your height above could be modeled in the equation
y
=83
x
where
x
is the amount of time and
y
is the amount of growth.6. Slope-Intercept Form,
y
=
mx
+
b
•
In slope intercept form,
y
=
mx
+
b
,
m
represents the slope of the line, and
b
represents the lines
y
-intercept.
•
You can use the slope-intercept form of an equation to easily graph a line. For example:
y
= 3
x
+ 2, theslope is 3 and the
y
- intercept is 2.
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