Embed Doc
Copy Link
Readcast
Collections

CommentGo Back

Download

!"#$%&!#'($)*#+*,)'&-*.++/*!)*!*%$0!%/*

!"#$%&"'()%*+&(,-*"(.-%/()01%(

20$'(&*"#+*33/(%&45/(%*"0&6(-%*3"-/(*&$(7%0&6(8-/'09*33/(*9"01%:((!9-553'(*&$(95;;#&0"0%'(&%%$("5(8+510$%("-%;(<0"-(*&(%&10+5&;%&"("-*"('#885+"'(-%*3"-/(7%-*105+':((=%35<(*+%('5;%(*3"%+&*"01%'(>5+('"#$%&"'("5(%&45/(0&'"%*$(5>(7%0&6(5>>%+%$(>55$(*'(*(+%<*+$(*"('9-553:

(

!"#$%&$'()*+("#,*(-."'

)

!0"(7/(>+0%&$'(

,*"9-(*(10$%5(

?%*$(5#"$55+'(

.%*9-("-%(93*''(

@*1%(%A"+*(*+"("0;%(

B&45/(93*''(5#"$55+'(

@*1%(*&(%A"+*(+%9%''(

C3*/(*(95;8#"%+(6*;%(

?%*$("5(*(/5#&6%+(93*''(

D%"(*(&5(-5;%<5+E(8*''(

F*E%($%301%+0%'("5("-%(5>>09%(

)0'"%&("5(;#'09(<-03%(<5+E0&6(

C3*/(*(>*15+0"%(6*;%(5+(8#GG3%(

B*+&(83*/(;5&%/(>5+(8+0103%6%'(

,*3E(<0"-(*("%*9-%+($#+0&6(3#&9-(

B*"(3#&9-(5#"$55+'(<0"-("-%(93*''(

=%(*(-%38%+(0&(*&5"-%+(93*''+55;(

B*"(3#&9-(<0"-(*("%*9-%+(5+(8+0&908*3(

H*&9%("5(>*15+0"%(;#'09(0&("-%(93*''+55;(

D%"(I>+%%(9-509%J("0;%(*"("-%(%&$(5>("-%($*/(

)0'"%&(<0"-(*(-%*$'%"("5(*(755E(5&(*#$05"*8%(

@*1%(*("%*9-%+(8%+>5+;('8%90*3('E033'(K0:%:('0&6L(

@*1%(*("%*9-%+(+%*$(*('8%90*3(755E("5("-%(93*''(

+$/%&$'()*+("#,*(-."'

)

!%3%9"(*(8*8%+7*9E(755E(

B&"%+(*($+*<0&6(>5+($5&*"%$(8+0G%'(

.*E%(*("+08("5("-%("+%*'#+%(75A(K&5&M>55$(0"%;'L(

D%"('"09E%+'N(8%&903'N(*&$(5"-%+('9-553('#8830%'(

?%9%01%(*(10$%5('"5+%(5+(;510%("-%*"+%(95#85&(

D%"(*('%"(5>(>3*'-(9*+$'(8+0&"%$(>+5;(*(95;8#"%+

(

?%9%01%(*(I;/'"%+/(8*9EJ(K&5"%8*$N(>53$%+N('85+"'(9*+$'N(%"9:L

((OHBP!(Q?RF(FOS@ODPT(.BPS@B?!((

!"#$%&"'(%)

!"#$%&"'(")*+,&-*)"&$.-"/&**&.)"*0")1&//"2$'&",$(333$4*&."*#&"/&**&.)"#$%&"5&&-"&$.-&,6"7&"1/$(".&$,8-2"0."1#0-89):*(1&"50$.,"2$'&)3";#&"<8,)"5&2"40."=$'&">$(?@""

*+,&"'%*+$$%-,#$(

A!"28%&"'(")*+,&-*)"*#8.*("'8-+*&)"$*"*#&"5&28--8-2"04"*#&"7&&<"$-,"*#&("9$-"&$.-"0."/0)&"4.&&"*8'&"$990.,8-2"*0"*#&8."5&#$%80.3""!"+)&"$"*8'&."$-,"*+.-"8*"0-"B*#&("9$-"#&$."8*C"84"*#&("$.&"*00"/0+,"70.<8-26"/8-8-2"+16"&*93""!"$,,"*8'&"7#&-"*#&8."5&#$%80."8)"200,3""D,,8-2"*8'&"8)"*#&"'0)*"&44&9*8%&3"!")$%&"*8'&"5("-0*"7$8*8-2"40."*#&'"*0")&**/&",07-")0"!",0-E*"4&&/"5$,"$50+*"*#&"4.&&"*8'&3@""

!"#$%&''()#&'*+)#,-.#"&/'01&'0"#"&+#%'**0-2"3#42.$#,/+#'55+/+.#5''.#,$#,#/+6,/.#5'/#71''.8#9+&,:2'/;##<5"+-#"&+$+#5''.$#&,:+#(2""(+#'/#-'#-0"/2"2'-,(#:,(0+#90"#,/+#+,$3)#2-+=>+-$2:+)##,-.#%,-#9/2-1#,9'0"#$&'/"?"+/*#9+&,:2'/#%&,-1+;##

*#1232*432*5467*89:48;46<4=2:*<>*?:96=*@>>8*4:*4*32A438B**

((((((((((((((((((((((((((

O"(#&$%+;0&%'(&#"+0"05&(%$#9*"05&(7%0&6("*#6-"(0&("-%('9-553(%&10+5&;%&":(((((((((((((((((((((((((((

O"(%&95#+*6%'(51%+95&'#;8"05&(5>(>55$'(-06-(0&(*$$%$('#6*+(*&$(>*":((((((((((((((((((((((((((((

O"("%*9-%'(E0$'("5(%*"(<-%&("-%/U+%(&5"(-#&6+/(*'(*(+%<*+$("5("-%;'%31%':((20$'(3%*+&(8+%>%+%&9%'(>5+(>55$'(;*$%(*1*03*73%("5("-%;N(0&93#$0&6("-5'%("-*"(*+%(#&-%*3"-/:

((C55+(>55$(9-509%'(*&$(0&*$%W#*"%(8-/'09*3(*9"010"/(95&"+07#"%("5(51%+<%06-"(*&$(57%'0"/:(S#++%&"3/N((57%'0"/(*;5&6(E0$'(0'(*"(%80$%;09(3%1%3'(*&$(9*&(5>"%&(3%*$("5('%+05#'(-%*3"-(8+573%;':

(

((((((((((((((((((((V:(=0+9-()):((H%1%358;%&"(5>(Q55$(C+%>%+%&9%':(((((((((((((((((((((X:(R6$%&(S)N(Q3%6*3(2FN(S*++533(FHN(*&$(Y5-&'5&(S):((C+%1*3%&9%(*&$(((((((((((((((((((((P&&#:(?%1:(T#"+:(VZZZN(VZ[\VM]X:((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((.+%&$'(0&(R1%+<%06-"(P;5&6(^!S-03$+%&(*&$(P$53%'9%&"'N(VZZZMX___:(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((YPFPN(R9"57%+(ZN(X__X(`53(XaaN(T5:(V\:((P$*8"%$(>+5;(*(8+54%9"(>#&$%$(7/(F09-06*&(H%8*+";%&"(5>(S5;;#&0"/(@%*3"-U'(S*+$051*'9#3*+(@%*3"-N(T#"+0"05&(b(C-/'09*3(P9"010"/(!%9"05&(*"()0&953&(B3%;%&"*+/(!9-553(0&(!5#"-(@*1%&N(F09-06*&:()0&953&(B3%;%&"*+/(0'(*(.%*;(T#"+0"05&('9-553:(Q5+(;5+%(0&>5+;*"05&(*75#"(.%*;(T#"+0"05&(95&"*9"(S-+0'(Q355$(*"(X]ZM]cZM___X(5+(65("5(<<<:"&:>9':;'#%:;'#:%$#(

(

F09-06*&(!"*"%(^&01%+'0"/(BA"%&'05&(8+56+*;'(*&$(;*"%+0*3'(*+%(58%&("5(*33(<0"-5#"(+%6*+$("5(+*9%N(9535+N(&*"05&*3(5+060&N(+%30605&N(*6%N($0'*7030"/N(8530"09*3(7%30%>'N('%A#*3(5+0%&"*"05&N(;*+0"*3('"*"#'N(5+(>*;03/('"*"#':((F!^(0'(*&(*>>0+;*"01%M*9"05&N(%W#*3M5885+"#&0"/(0&'"0"#"05&:(

1875 Connecticut Avenue, N.W. / Suite 300 / Washington, DC 20009-5728 / (202) 332-9110 / FAX (202) 265-4954

Executive Director: Michael F. Jacobson, Ph.D.

Constructive Classroom Rewards:

Promoting Good Habits While Protecting Children’s Health

Rewarding children in the classroom need not involve candy and other foodsthat can undermine children’s diets and health and reinforce unhealthful eatinghabits. A wide variety of alternative rewards can be used to provide positivereinforcement for children’s behavior and academic performance.

“It’s just a little treat”: the harm in using food to reward children

Schools should not only teach children how to make healthy choices and to eatto fulfill nutritional needs, but also should provide an environment that fostershealthy eating. Providing food based on performance or behavior connectsfood to mood. This practice can encourage children to eat treats even whenthey are not hungry and can instill lifetime habits of rewarding or comfortingthemselves with food behaviors associated with unhealthy eating or obesity.Awarding children food during class also reinforces eating outside of meal or snack times.Since few studies have been conducted on the effect of using food rewards onchildren’s long-term eating habits,

the best policy is not to use food to rewardchildren for good behavior or academic performance. At minimum, childrenshould not be rewarded using foods of poor nutritional quality.

(Note: classroomparties are covered by this policy.)

The value of rewarding children (with non-food rewards)

As teachers know, classroom rewards can be an effective way to encouragepositive behavior. Children, like everyone, alter their actions based on short-term anticipated consequences. When trying to foster a new behavior, it isimportant to reward a child consistently each time he or she does the desiredbehavior. Once the behavior has become an established habit, rewards canbe given every now and then to encourage the child to maintain the preferredbehavior.The ultimate goal of rewarding children is to help them internalize positivebehaviors so that they will not need a reward. Eventually, self-motivation will besufficient to induce them to perform the desired behavior, and outsidereinforcement will no longer be necessary.

Physical activity and food should not be linked to punishment

Punishing children by taking away recess or physical education classesreduces their already-scarce opportunities for physical activity. Another counter-productive punishment is forcing children to do physical activitysuch as running laps or pushups. Children often learn to dislike things thatare used as punishments. Thus, penalizing children with physical activitymight lead them to avoid activities that are important for maintainingwellness and a healthy body weight. In addition, food should not bewithheld as a means of punishing children. The U.S. Department ofAgriculture prohibits withholding meals as a punishment for any childenrolled in a school participating in the school meal programs.

Examples of beneficial (and inexpensive) rewards for children

Social rewards

“Social rewards,” which involve attention, praise, or thanks, are oftenmore highly valued by children than a toy or food. Simple gestures likepats on the shoulder, verbal praise (including in front of others), nods,or smiles can mean a lot. These types of social rewards affirm a child’sworth as a person.

Recognition

Trophy, plaque, ribbon, or certificate in recognition of achievementor a sticker with an affirming message (

e.g.,

“Great job”)

Recognizing a child’s achievement on the school-wide morningannouncements and/or the school’s website

A photo recognition board in a prominent location in the school

A phone call, email, or letter sent home to parents or guardianscommending a child’s accomplishment

A note from the teacher to the student commending his or her achievement

U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA).

Prohibition against Denying Meals and Milk to Children as a Disciplinary Action.

Alexandria, VA: USDA, 1988.

Some examples adapted from “Alternatives to Using Food as a Reward,” Michigan Team Nutrition (apartnership between the Michigan Department of Education and Michigan State University Extension),2004. Accessed at <http://www.tn.fcs.msue.msu.edu/foodrewards.pdf > on November 8, 2004.