PAPER 3

1. The alkali metals in Group 1 of the Periodic Table of Elements can react with oxygen gas with different reactivity. Table 1 shows the experiment and observation when Lithium, Li, Sodium, Na and Potassium, K react with Oxygen, O2 gas. Logam alkali dalam Kumpulan 1 Jadual Berkala Unsur boleh bertindak balas dengan gas oksigen dengan kereaktifan berbeza. Jadual 1 menunjukkan eksperimen dan pemerhatian apabila Litium, Li, Natrium, Na dan Kalium, K bertindak balas dengan gas oksigen. Experiment Eksperimen Gas jar Balang gas Oxygen gas Gas oksigen Lithium Litium Observation Pemerhatian Lithium burns slowly with a red flame. White fume is released. White solid is produced. Litium terbakar perlahan-lahan dengan nyalaan merah. Wasap putih di bebaskan. Pepejal putih terhasil. Sodium burns vigorously with a yellow flame. White fume is released. White solid is produced. Natrium terbakar cergas dengan nyalaan kuning. Wasap putih terbebas. Pepejal putih terhasil. Potassium burns very vigorously with a reddish-purple flame. White fume is released. White solid is produced. Kalium terbakar sangat cergas dengan nyalaan ungu-kemerahan. Wasap putih terbebas. Pepejal putih terhasil.

Gas jar Balang gas

Oxygen gas Gas oksigen

Sodium Natrium

Gas jar Balang gas Oxygen gas Gas oksigen Potassium Kalium

Table 1 Jadual 1

(a)State the inference for the observations in Table 1. Nyatakan inferens bagi pemerhatian-pemerhatian dalam Jadual 1. . [3 marks] [3 markah] (b)Based on the experiment above: Berdasarkan eksperimen di atas: (i) State the method to manipulate the variable. Nyatakan kaedah untuk memanipulasi pembolehubah. ................................................................................................................... (ii) State the responding variable. Nyatakan pembolehubah bertindak balas. ...... (iii) State the controlled variable. Nyatakan pembolehubah dimalarkan. ................................................................................................................... [3 marks] [3 markah] (c )State the hypothesis for the experiment. Nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen tersebut. .............................................................................................................................. [3 marks] [3 markah] (d)By refering to the reaction between alkali metals with oxygen, give the operational definition for the reactivity of alkali metals. Merujuk kepada tindak balas antara logam alkali dengan oksigen, berikan definisi secara operasi bagi kereaktifan logam-logam alkali. ............................................................................................................................... [3 marks] [3 markah]

(e)Metal X is also a member of Group 1 elements. Alkali metal X ignites spontaneously in air with a reddish-violet flame. White fumes and a white solid are also produced. Logam X juga adalah merupakan ahli Kumpulan 1. Logam alkali X terbakar secara spontan di udara dengan nyalaan ungukemerahan. Wasap putih dan pepejal putih juga terbentuk. (i) Predict in which period, the metal X is located in the Periodic Table of Element. Ramalkan Kala, logam X diletakkan dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur. ....................... [3 marks] [3 markah] (ii) Based on the observations in Table 1 and (e) (i) , arrange lithium, sodium, potassium and metal X in ascending order of reactivity of metals towards oxygen. Berdasarkan pemerhatian dalam Jadual 1 dan (e) (i) , susun litium, natrium, kalium dan logam alkali X mengikut tertib menaik kereaktifan logam terhadap oksigen. . [3 marks] [3 markah] (f)0.2 g of sodium will take 18 seconds to burn completely in oxygen gas. 0.5 g of sodium will take 45 seconds to burn completely in oxygen gas. State the relationship between the mass of sodium and the time taken for the metal to burn completely in oxygen gas. 0.2 g natrium mengambil masa 18 saat untuk terbakar lengkap dalam oksigen gas. 0.5 g natrium mengambil masa 45 saat untuk terbakar lengkap dalam oksigen gas. Nyatakan hubungan antara jisim natrium dan masa yang diambil untuk logam itu terbakar bertindak balas lengkap dalam oksigen gas. .............................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................. [3 marks] [3 markah]

When the reaction in Table 1 is completed , 10 cm3 of water is poured into the gas jar. A pH meter is dipped into the solution formed. Table 2 shows the pH meter reading. Apabila tindak balas dalam Jadual 1 selesai, 10 cm3 air dituang ke dalam balang gas. Meter pH dicelup ke dalam larutan yang terbentuk. Jadual 2 menunjukkan bacaan meter pH.. 10.145 10.554 10.854

Gas jar I Balang gas I Water Air

Gas jar II Balang gas II Water Air

Gas jar III Balang gas III Water Air

Reading:....................... Bacaan

Reading:......................... Bacaan Table 2 Jadual 2

Reading:........................ Bacaan

(g)Record the pH meter reading to one decimal place in Table 2. Rekod bacaan meter pH dengan satu tempat perpuluhan dalam Jadual 2. [3 marks] [3 markah] (h)Write the observations when blue litmus paper and red litmus paper are dipped into the solution formed in Gas Jar I, Gas Jar II and Gas Jar III. Tuliskan pemerhatian apabila kertas litmus biru dan merah dicelup ke dalam larutan yang terbentuk dalam Balang Gas 1, Balang Gas II dan Balang Gas III. Solutions Larutan-larutan Gas Jar I Balang Gas I Gas Jar II Balang Gas II Gas Jar III Balang Gas III [3 marks] [3 markah] Red litmus paper Kertas litmus merah Blue litmus paper Kertas litmus biru

(i)Write the balanced chemical equations for the reaction: Tulis persamaan kimia yang seimbang untuk tindak balas: (i)Between alkali metal and oxygen gas (choose only one from Table 1): Di antara logam alkali dan gas oksigen (pilih satu daripada Jadual 1): ... (ii)Between the product formed from (i) (i) and water : Di antara hasil yang terbentuk daripada (i) (i) dan air: [3 marks] [3 markah]

A student had carried out an experiment to determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide according to the following steps shown in Figure 1. Seorang pelajar telah menjalankan satu eksperimen untuk menentukan formula empirik magnesium oksida berdasarkan langkah-langkah yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 1. Step A crucible and a lid are weighed. Mangkuk pijar berserta penutupnya ditimbang. Set-up of apparatus

The crucible, lid and a strip of clean magnesium ribbon are weighed. Mangkuk pijar, penutup dan kepingan magnesium ditimbang. Magnesium ribbon is strongly heated until the reaction is complete. Kepingan magnesium dipanaskan dengan kuat sehingga pembakaran lengkap.
Heat

White fumes

The crucible, lid and magnesium oxide are weighed again when cooled. Mangkuk pijar, penutup dan magnesium oksida ditimbang semula selepas disejukkan.

White powder

Figure 1

(a)

Complete the following table by stating the observations and related inferences in the experiment.

Lengkapkan jadual berikut dengan menyatakan pemerhatian dan inferens yang berkaitan dalam eksperimen itu Observation 1. Inferences

2.

3.

[3 +3 marks] (b) (i) Calculate the mass of magnesium that has been used. Kirakan jisim magnesium yang telah digunakan.

(ii)

Calculate the mass of oxygen that has been reacted with magnesium. Kirakan jisim oksigen yang bertindak balas dengan magnesium.

(iii)

Determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide. [Relative atomic mass : Mg, 24 ; O, 16] Tentukan formula empirik bagi magnesium oksida. [Jisim atom relatif : Mg, 24; O, 16]

[3 marks] (c) Another experiment is carried out to determine the empirical formula of copper(II) oxide using the same method as the experiment before.

Satu lagi eksperimen dijalankan untuk menentukan formula empirik menggunakan kaedah yang sama seperti eksperimen sebelum ini. (i)

kuprum(II) oksida

State whether this method can be used to determine the empirical formula for copper(II) oxide. Give the reason for your answer. Tentukan sama ada kaedah ini boleh digunakan bagi menentukan formula empirik kuprum(II) oksida. Berikan sebab bagi jawapan anda. [3 marks]

(ii)

Draw the setup of apparatus that can be used to determine the empirical formula for copper(II) oxide. Lukiskan gambar rajah susunan radas yang boleh digunakan untuk menentukan formula empirik bagi kuprum(II) oksida.

(iii) Write the chemical equation between copper(II) oxide and hydrogen gas. Tulis persamaan kimia di antara kuprum(II) oksida dan gas hydrogen.

(a) Diagram 8 shows part of the Periodic Table of Elements. W, X, Y and Z do not represent the actual symbol of the elements. Rajah 8 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada Jadual Berkala Unsur. W, X, Y dan Z tidak mewakili simbol sebenar unsur berkenaan. 3. W Y X

P
Z

R
DIAGRAM 2 RAJAH 2 (i) Explain why element Y is more reactive than element W. Jelaskan mengapa unsur Y lebih reaktif daripada unsur W. [4 marks] (ii) The reactivitiy of atom P and atom Z is difference. Explain why. Kereaktifan atom P dan atom Z adalah berbeza. Terangkan mengapa.

(iii) The atomic size of atom Z is smaller than atom Y.Explain why. Size atom bagi atom Z adalah lebih kecil daripada atom Y. Terangkan mengapa. [5 marks]

(b) State the position of element Q in the Periodic Table of Elements. Give reason to your answer. Nyatakan kedudukan unsur Q di dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur . Berikan sebab bagi jawapan anda. [5 marks] (c) State the Transition Element. Give four special characteristics of Transition Element. Give an example of the one of the characteristic stated . Nyatakan Unsur Peralihan. Berikan empat sifat istimewa bagi Unsur Peralihan. Berikan contoh untuk salah satu sifat yang dinyatakan. [6 marks]

1. How many atoms of nitrogen have the same mass as one atom of iron? 2. The mass of an atom of element Y is ten times greater than the mass of an atom of Beryllium. What is relative atomic mass of Y?

3. A closed bottle contain 0.1 mol of oxygen gas, O2. (a) How many oxygen molecules ,O2 are there in the bottle? (b) How many oxygen atoms are there in the bottle? 4. Given 1 mol of hydrogen gas,H2 and 0.7 mol of sulphur dioxide, SO2, which one has more number of atoms? Give the reason. 5. The empirical formula of ethanoic acid is CH2O.If the relative molecular mass of ethanoic acid is 60 , find its molecular mass. 6. When Copper(II) oxide react with Aluminium , aluminium oxide and Copper is formed. Calculate the mass of aluminium oxide required to react completely with 12 g of copper(II) oxide. 7. Write a balance equation for each of the following reactions (i)Aluminium react with iron(III) oxide produce aluminium oxide and iron. (ii) Ammonia react with oxygen gas to produce nitrogen monoxide and water. (iii)When calcium carbonate is heated, it decomposes into calcium oxide and carbon dioxide. (iv)When zinc nitrate is heated, it decomposes into zinc oxide, nitrogen dioxide and oxygen gas. (v) Potassium iodide react with Bromine water to produce Potassium bromide and iodine. [Realtive atomic mass: N;14, Fe;56,Be;9,O;16, Al;27, Cu;64, NA; 6.02 X 10 23].

7.

Diagram 7 shows the chemical symbols which represent three elements X, Y and Z These letters are not the actual symbols of the elements. 23 35 12

X
11 17 Diagram 7

Y
6

(a)

What is meant by: i) ii) Ionic compound Covalent compound [2 marks]

(b)

Explain the formation of the bond that is formed between i) ii) element X and element Y. element Y and element Z. [12 marks]

(c)

The melting point of magnesium oxide is much higher than methylbenzene.

Explain why. [6 marks]

8. (a)

What are meant by empirical formula and molecular formula. [2 marks] A carbon compound has an empirical formula of CH2 and a molar mass is 70 g mol-1, determine its molecular formula. [Relative atomic mass : H=1 , C=12] [3 marks]

b)

(c)

(i)Metal Z reactively react with oxygen to form Z oxide. Describe the procedure to determine the empirical formula of Z oxide. The procedure should included a precaution. [10 marks]

(ii)

Diagram 8 shows the result obtain in c(i).

Mass of crucible + lid, g Mass of crucible + lid + Z, g Mass of crucible + lid + Z oxide, g

= = =

46.30 46.30 46.62

Diagram 8

Based on the information in Table 8, determine the values of the following : [Relative atomic mass : O=16 , Z=65]

i) ii) iii) iv) v)

mass of lead number of moles of lead mass of oxygen number of moles of oxygen empirical formula of lead oxide [5 marks]

1 Diagram 1.1 shows the atomic structure of elements X and Y. (Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan struktur atom bagi unsur X dan Y.)

DIAGRAM 1.1 (a) What is the proton number of element X? (Apakah nombor proton bagi unsur X?) .. [1 mark] (b) (i) Atom of element X has isotopes. What is meant by isotopes? (Atom unsur X mempunyai isotop. Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan isotop?) . [1 mark] (ii) State one example of an isotope. (Nyatakan satu contoh isotop.) [1 mark] (c) (i) Atom of element Y has a nucleon number of 23. Calculate the number of neutrons in atom Y. (Atom unsur Y mempunyai nombor nukleon 23. Hitungkan bilangan neutron bagi atom Y.) [1 mark] (ii) Write the standard representation of atom Y. (Tuliskan simbol atom unsur Y.) [1 mark] (d) Ethanol is an organic compound. Its melting point is 117 oC and its boiling point is 78 oC . (Etanol ialah satu sebatian organik dengan takat lebur 117 oC dan takat didih 78 oC.) (i) What is the physical state of ethanol at room temperature? (Apakah keadaan fizik etanol pada suhu bilik?) .. [1 mark]

(ii)

Draw the arrangement of particles of ethanol at 100 oC. (Lukiskan susunan zarah etanol pada 100 oC.)

100 oC [1 mark] (iii) State how the movement of ethanol particles changes when heated from room temperature to 100 oC. (Nyatakan bagaimana pergerakan zarah-zarah etanol berubah apabila dipanaskan dari suhu bilik ke 100 oC.) ... [1 mark] (iv) Sketch the graph of temperature against time when ethanol is heated from room temperature to 100 oC. (Lakarkan graf suhu melawan masa apabila etanol dipanaskan daripada suhu bilik ke 100 oC) Temperature/oC

Time/min

[2 marks]

2 Figure 2.1 shows the chemical symbols which represent elements R, S and T. (Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan simbol kimia yang mewakili unsur-unsur R, S dan T.) 35 12
6

17 R

39

19

FIGURE 2.1 (a) (i) Write the electron arrangement of atom T. (Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom T.) ... [1 mark] (ii) State the period and the group for element T in the Periodic Table. (Nyatakan kala dan kumpulan bagi unsur T dalam Jadual Berkala.) Period (Kala) : ... Group (Kumpulan) : .... [2 marks] (b) Atoms of R and S can react to form a compound. (Atom R dan atom S boleh bertindak balas untuk membentuk satu sebatian.) (i) Name the type of bond in the compound formed between atoms R and S. (Nyatakan jenis ikatan dalam sebatian yang terbentuk antara atom R dan atom S.) .. [1 mark] (ii) Give one physical property of the compound in (b)(i). (Beri satu sifat fizik bagi sebatian di (b)(i).) ... [1 mark]

(c)

Atoms of R and T can also react to form a compound. Draw the electron arrangement for the compound formed. (Atom R dan atom T juga boleh bertindak balas untuk membentuk satu sebatian. Lukiskan susunan elektron bagi sebatian yang terbentuk.)

[ 2 marks] (d) Iron, copper, nickel and chromium are examples of transition elements. (Ferum, kuprum, nikel dan kromium adalah contoh unsur peralihan.) (i) State the position of transition elements in the Periodic Table. (Nyatakan kedudukan unsur peralihan dalam Jadual Berkala.) .. [1 mark] (ii) State two special characteristics of transition elements. (Nyatakan dua ciri istimewa bagi unsur peralihan.) . [2 marks] 10 (a) By using suitable examples, explain what are meant by empirical formula and molecular formula. Dengan menggunakan contoh-contoh yang sesuai, terangkan apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan formula empirik dan formula molekul. [3 marks] Caffeine in coffee has an empirical formula of C4H5N2O. Given that the molar mass of caffeine is 194 g mol -1, determine its molecular formula. Formula empirik bagi kafein yang terdapat dalam kopi adalah C4H5N2O. Tentukan formula molekul kafein jika jisim molar kafein ialah 194 g mol-1 (Relative atomic mass: H,1 ; C,12; N,14; O,16) [3 marks]

(b)

(c)

Metal X reacts actively with oxygen to form X oxide. Describe an experiment to determine the empirical formula of X oxide. Your description should include the calculations involved. Logam X bertindak balas cergas dengan oksigen untuk membentuk oksida X. Huraikan bagaimana anda akan menjalankan eksperimen untuk menentukan formula empirik oksida X. Huraian anda mestilah termasuk pengiraan yang terlibat. (Relative atomic mass: O,16; X,65) [11 marks]

(d)

Metal Y is below copper in the reactivity series. Can the same procedure in (c) be used to determine the empirical formula of Y oxide? Explain your answer. Logam Y terletak di bawah kuprum dalam siri kereaktifan. Bolehkan kaedah yang sama di (c) digunakan untuk menentukan formula empirik oksida Y? Terangkan jawapan anda. [3 marks]

Table 3 shows the incomplete information about 5 atoms of elements L, Q, R, M and T. L, Q, R, M and T are not the actual symbols. Jadual 3 di bawah menunjukkan maklumat yang tidak lengkap berkaitan 5 atom bagi unsurunsur L, Q, R, M dan T. L, Q, R, M dan T bukan simbol unsur yang sebenar. Element Unsur L Q R M T Proton number Nombor proton 11 Nucleon number Nombor nukleon 23 35 37 39 40 TABLE 3 JADUAL 3 (a) Write the electron arrangement of atom L. Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom L. .......................................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (b) Which element is in Group 1 and Period 4? Unsur manakah terletak dalam Kumpulan 1 dan Kala 4? .. [1 mark] Electron arrangement Susunan elektron 2.8.7 2.8.7

19 20

(c) Draw the diagram of electron arrangement for atom Q. Lukis gambarajah susunan elektron bagi atom Q.

[2 marks] (d) (i) State two elements which are isotopes. Nyatakan dua unsur yang merupakan isotop. ... [1 mark]

(ii) Explain your answer in (d)(i). Terangkan jawapan anda dalam (d)(i). ... [1 mark]

(e) Diagram 3 shows the set up of the apparatus to investigate the reaction between R with iron wool. Diagram 3 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mengkaji tindak balas antara R dengan wul besi. Iron wool Wul besi R gas Gas R Sodium hydroxide solution Larutan natrium hidroksida

Heat Panaskan DIAGRAM 3 RAJAH 3

(i) State one observation while carrying out the experiment. Nyatakan satu pemerhatian semasa menjalankan eksperimen itu. [1 mark] (f) M burns in oxygen gas to form a white solid. Write the formula of the white solid. M terbakar dalam gas oksigen untuk membentuk satu pepejal putih. Tuliskan formula bagi pepejal putih itu. .. [1 mark] (g) M is more reactive than L. Explain why. M adalah lebih reaktif daripada L. Terangkan mengapa. .. .. .. [2 marks]

(i) What can be observed when X reacts with oxygen? [ 1 mark]

(ii)Write a chemical equation to represent the reaction that takes place in d)(i). [ 1 mark] S reacts in the same way as X with water. (i) Which is more reactive towards water ? [ 1 mark] (ii) Explain why. [ 2 marks]

SMK KUALA PERLIS 02000 KUALA PERLIS,PERLIS CUTI-CUTI BERERTI GEMILANG 4 TAHUN 2012 SUBJEK: CHEMISTRY TOPIK: 1. STRUCTURE ATOM 2. CHEMICAL FORMULAE AND EQUATION 3. CHEMICAL BONDS 4. PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS 5. ELECTROCHEMISTRY