#!/usr/bin/env perl# -*- cperl -*-BEGIN { $^W = 1 }use strict;use diagnostics;use warnings;use Carp;use English;use Math::Trig;use GD;use constant PI => 4*atan(1);# June 30, 2007# Allan Peda## Ulam prime number spiral# http://mathworld.wolfram.com/PrimeSpiral.html# http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulam_spiral## we iterate over a grid, but we want to follow a spiral.# Direction is cartesian based x being horizontal motion,# and y being vertical. Up and right are postive motion.unless(defined($ARGV[0])){die "Please provide a png file to save to.";}my $pngfile = 'ulam_spiral.png';if($ARGV[0] =~ m/\.png$/i){$pngfile = $ARGV[0];} else {print "Supplied file not suffixed with .png defaulting to \"$pngfile\".\n";}# how many turns to make in the spiralmy $num_corners = 1600;my @turning_points = mkturns($num_corners);# which directions do we followmy $max = $turning_points[$#turning_points];print "Generating map for first $max primes.\n";my ($x_width, $y_width) = (0,0);$x_width = $y_width = int(sqrt($max+0.5));print "Dimensions are: $x_width x $y_width\n";my %primes = %{genprimes($max)};my $im = new GD::Image($x_width, $y_width);my $white = $im->colorAllocate(255,255,255);my $black = $im->colorAllocate(0,0,0);my $origin_color = $im->colorAllocate(255,0,0);my $position=$turning_points[0];my ($x, $y) = (0,0);my ($delx,$dely) = (1,0); # start out moving to the rightsub gdx { return( shift()+($x_width/2) ) }sub gdy { return( ($y_width/2)-shift()) }

$im->setPixel(gdx($x),gdy($y),$origin_color);foreach my $next_turn (@turning_points) {for (my $i=$position;$i<=$next_turn;++$i) {# move to next cartesian$x += $delx;$y += $dely;# print "x=$x, y=$y (i = $i)\n";if ($i==$next_turn) {($delx,$dely) = nextDirection($delx,$dely);}if ( defined($primes{$i+1})) { # origin starts at n=1, not n=0# translation to gd coordinate system$im->setPixel(gdx($x),gdy($y),$black);}}$position = $next_turn+1;}open(PNGFH, ">".$pngfile)or die "Could not open image file \"$pngfile\".";print PNGFH $im->png;close PNGFH;# an array of run lengths up to each turn# equation was guessed at after inspection of coordinates# from a hand drawn cartesian spiralsub mkturns{my $ulim = shift;my $len = 0;my @rv;foreach my $i (1..$ulim) {my $delta = ($i%2?$i+1:$i)/2;$len = $len+$delta;push( @rv, $len);}return @rv;}# generates prime numbers as hash keyssub genprimes {my $max = shift;my $sieve = '';my %primes = ( 2 => 1 );GUESS: for (my $guess = 2; $guess <= $max; $guess++) {next GUESS if vec($sieve,$guess,1);$primes{$guess} = 1;for (my $mults = $guess * $guess; $mults <= $max; $mults += $guess) {vec($sieve,$mults,1) = 1;}}return \%primes;}# uses memoized trig function# function modded to go past 180 degrees{