Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Hisham Al-Shorman
Assistant professor of Periodontology Department of Preventive Dentistry JUST
Monday 8/7/2013
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INFECTION CONTROL
1. Personal Protective Equipment: 3. Hand hygiene 4. Clinical wastes 5. Blood-Borne Pathogens 6. Food and drinks
a. Gowns
b. Gloves
c. Masks
d. Protective eyewear
2. Surfaces
7. Infections
WHY IS IT IMPORTANT?
Both patients & dental health-care personnel are exposed to pathogens Nature of profession i.e. contact with blood, oral and respiratory secretions and contaminated equipment Hospital setting referral institution for medically compromised patients Proper procedures can prevent transmission of infections
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MODES OF TRANSMISSION
MODES OF TRANSMISSION
Splash of blood or saliva to mucous membranes of (mouth, nose or eyes) and to broken areas of skin: Handpieces, scalers,
Chain of Infection
Entry
Mode
Operator
Patient
Patient
Patient
STANDARD PRECAUTIONS
Standard Precautions A standard of care designed to protect health-care providers and patients from pathogens that can spread by blood and other body fluids
Apply these standard precautions to all patients ALL BLOOD AND BODY FLUIDS ARE CONSIDERED TO BE INFECTIOUS
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PPE
Wear personal protective equipment: Gowns Gloves Masks Protective Eyewear Should be removed when leaving treatment areas
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Should cover operators clothes and protect them from splashes and aerosols:
High
Design!!! Reduce folds, pockets and any other areas that facilitates accumulation of soil or aeresoles
GLOVES
Minimize the risk of cross infection: From patients to operators From operators to patients From one patient to another
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GLOVES
UTILITY GLOVES
Heavy duty utility gloves after patient treatment Must be washed with antimicrobial soap, rinsed and dried
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Wear gloves when contact with blood, saliva, and mucous membranes is possible Remove gloves after patient care New gloves for each patient
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MASKS
Masks to protect: Face Oral and nasal mucosa Must be changed if they become damp Must be changed for each new patient, except for short exams If a face shield is worn it must be worn at the same time as a surgical mask
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PROTECTIVE EYEWEAR
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1. Hand hygiene - FIRST 2. Gown if sterile (Surgical) 3. Mask 4. Protective eyewear 5. Gloves - LAST
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6. Hand hygiene
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SHARPS
Used needles, blades, burs, endo files and reamers, anesthetic cartridges and all other sharps are to be discarded in:
SHARPS CONTAINERS
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SHARPS
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HAND HYGIENE
Washing hands with plain soap and water or with other indicated material Minimum 15 seconds
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HAND HYGIENE
Antiseptic hand wash washing hands with water and soap or other detergents containing an antiseptic agent
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HAND HYGIENE
Surgical scrub
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ALCOHOL-BASED PREPARATIONS
Benefits
Limitations
Rapid and effective antimicrobial action Improved skin condition More accessible than sinks
Cannot be used if hands are visibly soiled Store away from high temperatures or flames Hand softeners and glove powders may build-up
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Plain Soap
Antimicrobial soap
Alcohol-based handrub
http://www.cdc.gov/handhygiene/materials.htm
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PROHIBITED!
Long fingernails
Colored nail polish False fingernails
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Use hand lotions to prevent skin dryness Consider compatibility of hand care products with gloves (e.g., mineral oils and petroleum bases may cause early glove failure)
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After touching contaminated objects with bare hands Before and after patient treatment (before glove placement and after glove removal)
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TAP DESIGN
BEST Taps with sensors or foot control to avoid hand contact
AT LEAST Taps with lever Use arm or back of your hand to activate it
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TAP DESIGN
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HAIR
Long hair should be pulled back or completely covered with a surgical cap to minimize the possibility of contamination
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HOUSEKEEPING
Worksite must be maintained in a clean and sanitary condition Equipment and work surfaces must be cleaned and decontaminated after contact with blood and other infectious materials
Protective coverings must be used to cover equipment and work surfaces
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CLINICAL CONTACT SURFACES High potential for direct contamination from spray or spatter or by contact with gloved hand HOUSEKEEPING SURFACES Do not come into contact with patients or devices Limited risk of disease transmission
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HOUSEKEEPING SURFACES
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Risk of transmitting infections greater than for housekeeping surfaces Clean and disinfect surfaces Apply barriers
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SURFACE COVERS
Handles, handpieces or similar surfaces that may be contaminated by blood or saliva - wrap with clear plastic wrap.
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Use barrier precautions (e.g. heavy-duty utility gloves, masks, protective eyewear) when cleaning and disinfecting environmental surfaces
Physical removal of microorganisms by cleaning is as important as the disinfection process Do not use sterilant/high-level disinfectants on environmental surfaces
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Surface barriers can be used and changed between patients OR Clean then disinfect with hospital disinfectant
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Routinely clean with soap and water or hospital disinfectant Clean mops and cloths and allow to dry thoroughly before re-using Prepare fresh cleaning and disinfecting solutions daily and per manufacturer recommendations
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WASTE DISPOSAL
Human Tissues
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PREVENTION OF INJURIES
1.
2.
PREVENTION OF INJURIES
3.
Restrict use of fingers in tissue retraction or palpation during suturing or administration of anesthesia
4.
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Who is at risk?
Everybody!
Elderly pts
Children (lower resistance, Cystic fibrosis,) Cardiac pts (e.g. valvular disease) Respiratory disease pts (for air-borne infections) Impaired healing functions
Immuno-deficient patients (e.g. auto-immune pts) Other immuno-suppressants (e.g. transplant pts) Cancer pts Pts on steroids Diabetics
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TAKE-HOME MESSAGE
Infection control regulations are mandatory to ALL Violations of these regulations will be taken seriously It is better to play safe Clinical assessment will consider infection control practice If not sure, ASK!
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