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Rinsing
Technical reasons for rinsing Rinse water quality Rinsing methods Possibilities for water savings

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Technical reasons for rinsing Stop chemical reactions on the surface To remove contaminants from the surface To minimise or eliminate drag-in of chemicals and contaminants To avoid salt coatings/spots on the finished items

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Rinse water quality Depends on the purpose of rinsing Depends on the rinsing system

The dilution factor

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Purpose of the rinsing The process before rinsing (etching, degreasing, aggressive chemicals?) The process after rinsing (are the process chemicals in family with the drag-in chemicals/contaminants?) Is it the final rinse, and what contaminants can be left on the surface?

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The rinsing system Single static rinse Single running rinse Drag-out tank + single running rinse Drag-out tank + double counter flow rinses Drag-out tank + triple or more in counter flow Rinses in reverse flow to process Spray rinse over tank Spray rinse to WWTP Combinations of the above

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Dilution factors Rinsing After degreasing and pickling Before electroplating baths After miscellaneous chemical baths Final rinse after decorative chromium Final rinse after other electroplating baths Typical Dilution factor 100-1,000 500-2,000 200-2,000 5,000-10,000 1,000-5,000

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Rinsing methods Immersion rinsing is used in most cases is necessary for items having a complex geometry Spray rinsing can be used for simple geometry or might be tailored for a uniform production

Agitation and/or soak time is important for adequate rinsing

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Agitation and soak time

r e y r a l e t a n o w i s e fu ins m f i e t R I D

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Dragout = 1 litre/h
200g/l

Rinsing criterion last rinse: 20 mg/litre

10,000 litres /h

200g/l

100 litres /h

200g/l

21 litres /h

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The principle of a closed loop

Pure Water

Carbon filtration might be necessary

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Reuse of rinse water in the pre-treatment

P D = Degreaser R = Rinse P = Pickling

E = Electro-degreaser

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The use of ion-exchange for rinse water Production flow

1 Drag-out

B
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Comparison of water consumption of different systems

Rinsing system F=100 / Litres F=1,000 / Litres F= 10,000 / Litres 1 tank, running water 100 1,000 10,000 2 tanks, separate flow 18,5 62 195 2 tanks counter flow 9.6 31 100 3 tanks, separate flow 10.7 27 65 3 tanks, counter flow 4.2 9.6 20.5 Ion-exchanger after 2-3 2-3 2-3 yellow chromate Ion-exchanger after 60-90 60-90 60-90 acid zinc Optimum spray 10-15 30-45 100-150 rinsing Recirculation, 2 step 1-2* 3-6 10-20 chemically treated rinse water

*) The water consumption equals the dilution of the chemically treated rinse water with 10% (by volume) fresh water.
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Drag-out volumes Suspension and dripping Vertically suspended items, effective dripping Vertically suspended items, poor dripping Horizontally suspended items, effective dripping Horizontally suspended items, poor dripping Cup-shaped items, poor dripping Barrels, poor dripping Drag-out volume, ml/m2 25-50 160 50-100 200-400 300-1000 300-500

Barrels, effective dripping, 150-250 rotation Typical, overall average drag out 100-150
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Drag out minimisation Prolongation of dripping time Rotation of barrels above the tank Shaking and tilting of racks above the tank Thinner process solutions Scraping of sheet shaped items (like PCBs) Air knives, blowing off the majority of the solution First coarse spray rinse - or spray mist - over the tank

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Calculation of rinse water need

A B Entering data: Save Rinse Program
Concentration in process tank: Dragout: Reverse flow:

K
IPU-production Ver. 2.21

L
27-07-00

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

200,0 1,0 1

[g/l] [l] From: 1

Lowest

200,0 1,0 To: 5000

Highest

Warning: Don't delete shadow numbers Step: 499,9

[liter]

Date:

10-10-00 13:15

(WARNING: Only one set of data pr. calculation!)

Result:
Concentrations
[g/liter] The values in the table are calculated for a reverse flow of

0,040

0,040 0,000

0,040 0,000 0,000

0,040 0,000 0,000 0,000

0,040 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000

0,040 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000

5000
[liter]

0,040 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000

0,040 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000

C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8

5.000,0 Header data: Company name: Process name:

Allan H. Jensen ZN-plating

Max. 50 characters in name and proces fields

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Rinse water need in different systems at different conditions

Comp.: Allan H. Jensen Proces: ZN-plating Data: Conc.: 200,0[g/l] Dragout: 1,0[l] Date: 10-10-2000, 13:22:25

1000 100 10 1 0,1 Co nc. 0,01 in tan 0,001 k# [g/l0,0001 iter ] 1E-05 1E-06 1E-07 1E-08 1E-09 1E-10 1E-11 1E-12 1E-13 Reverse Flow [liter] 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000

1. Tank 2. Tank 3. Tank 4. Tank

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