DISPLACEMENT MEDTHOD OF ANALYSIS:

MOMENT DISTRIBUTION
!
!
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!

Member Stiffness Factor (K)

Distribution Factor (DF)
Carry-Over Factor
Distribution of Couple at Node
Moment Distribution for Beams
!
!

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!

General Beams
Symmetric Beams

Moment Distribution for Frames: No Sidesway

Moment Distribution for Frames: Sidesway
1

Member Stiffness Factor (K) & Carry-Over Factor (COF)

CB

L1 /2

L1/2

L2

EI
L3

Internal members and far-end member fixed at end support:

4 EI
K=
L

kCC

COF = 0.5

4 EI
=
L
C

k DC =

2 EI
L

COF = 0.5

K(BC) = 4EI/L2,

K(CD) = 4EI/L3
2

CB

L1 /2

L1/2

L2

EI
L3

Far-end member pinned or roller end support:

3EI
K=
L

K(AB) = 3EI/L1,

k AA

COF = 0

3EI
=
L

K(BC) = 4EI/L2,

0
C

K(CD) = 4EI/L3

Joint Stiffness Factor (K)

CB

L1 /2

L1/2

K(AB) = 3EI/L1

L2
K(BC) = 4EI/L2,

EI
L3

K(CD) = 4EI/L3

Kjoint = KT = Kmember

Distribution Factor (DF)

CB

L1 /2

L1/2

w
EI
L3

L2

DF =

K
K

Notes:
- far-end pined (DF = 1)
- far-end fixed (DF = 0)

KAB/(K(AB) + K(BC) ) B KBC/(K(AB) + K(BC) )

A
DF

DFBA) DFBC

C K(CD)/(K(BC) + K(CD) ) D

DFCB DFCD
K(BC)/(K(BC) + K(CD) )

0
5

Distribution of Couple at Node

CB

(EI)1
L1 /2

L1/2

A
DF

CO=0

L2

(EI)3
L3

DFBA DFBC

DFCA DFCD

CB(DFBC)
CB(DFBC)

(EI)2

CB

CB( DFBC)
B

D
0

CO=0.5

CB( DFBC)

50 kNm
2EI

3EI

B
4m

3EI
C

4m

8m

8m

L1= L2 = L3
A
DF

B
1

CO=0

0.333 0.667

0.5

50 kNm
50(.667) 50(.667)
50(.333)
50(.333)

D
0.5

CO=0.5

16.67

Distribution of Fixed-End Moments

P

(EI)1 M

L1 /2

(EI)2

L1/2

(EI)13

L2

L3

L1= L2 = 8 m, L3 = 10 m
A
DF

B
1

DFBA DFBC

MF MF

0
0

MF(DFBC)

C
DFCB DFCD

D
0

MF

MF( DFBC)

MF(DFBC) B MF( DFBC)

0.5

EI
wL22/12=16

1.5PL1/8=30 B

L1 /2

L1/2

wL32/12=25

L2

L3

L1= L2 = 8 m, L3 = 10 m
A
DF

B
1

0.4

C
0.5 0.5

0.6

D
0

14

30

0
0

5.6

30
5.6

16

16

14
0.5
B

8.4 8.4

4.2

Moment Distribution for Beams

10

Example 1
The support B of the beam shown (E = 200 GPa, I = 50x106 mm4 ).
Use the moment distribution method to:
(a) Determine all the reactions at supports, and also
(b) Draw its quantitative shear and bending moment diagrams,and qualitative
deflected shape.
20 kN

3 kN/m

2EI

3EI

B
4m

4m

8m

11

20 kN

3 kN/m

2EI
CO

30

4m

[FEM]load
Dist.

K2 = 4(3EI)/8

K2/(K1+ K2)

0.333 0.667

-30 16

-16

4.662 9.338
4.669

CO

-25.34

25.34

20 kN
A
6.83 kN

8m

K1/(K1+ K2)

16

0.5

4m

K1 = 3(2EI)/8
DF

B
0

0.5

3EI

16

-11.33
24 kN

25.34 kNm
13.17 kN

B
13.75 kN

11.33 kNm
10.25 kN

12

Note : Using the Slope 20 kN

Deflection
2EI
A
4m

3 kN/m

20+10

16

3EI

4m

16

8m

3(2 EI )
B 30 (1)
8
4(3EI )
=
B + 16 (2)
8

M BA =

M BC
MBA

MBC

+ MB = 0: -MBA -

MBC = 0

(0.75 + 1.5)EIB - 30 + 16 = 0

B = 6.22/EI
MBA = -25.33 kNm,
MBC = 25.33 kNm
M CB =

2(3EI )
B 16 = 11.33 kN m
8

13

20 kN

3 kN/m

A
6.83 kN
4m
V (kN)

4m

6.83

11.33
B
13.17 + 13.75 = 26.92 kN
8m
13.75

10.25 kN

x (m)

4.58 m

-10.25

-13.17
27.32
M
(kNm)

6.13

+
-

x (m)
-11.33

-25.33
Deflected
shape

x (m)
14

Example 2
From the beam shown use the moment distribution method to:
(a) Determine all the reactions at supports, and also
(b) Draw its quantitative shear and bending moment diagrams,
and qualitative deflected shape.

50 kNm

10 kN
2EI

3EI

B
4m

5 kN/m

4m

3EI
D

C
8m

8m

15

10 kN

50 kNm

5 kN/m

2EI 15
A
B
0.5
4m
4m

26.67 26.67
0.5
8m

K1 = 3(2EI)/8

K2 = 4(3EI)/8

K1/(K1+ K2)

DF

K2/(K1+ K2)

K2/(K2+ K3)

0.333 0.667

Joint couple

40 3EI
0.5
8m

K3 = 3(3EI)/8
K3/(K2+ K3)

0.571 0.428

-16.65 -33.35

CO=0

50 kNm
50(.667) 50(.667)
50(.333)
50(.333)

CO=0.5

16

10 kN

5 kN/m

2EI 15
A
B
0.5
4m
4m

26.67 26.67
0.5
8m

K1 = 3(2EI)/8

K2 = 4(3EI)/8

K1/(K1+ K2)

DF
Joint couple
CO
FEM
Dist.
CO
Dist.
CO
Dist.

50 kNm

K2/(K1+ K2)

0.333 0.667

K2/(K2+ K3)

40 3EI
0.5
8m

K3 = 3(3EI)/8
K3/(K2+ K3)

0.571 0.429

-16.65 -33.35
-15 26.667
-3.885 -7.782
0.953
-0.317 -0.636
1.109
-0.369 -0.740

-16.675
-26.667
1.905
-3.891
2.218
-0.318
0.181

-36.22

-43.28

-13.78

40
1.437
1.673
0.137
43.25

17

50 kNm

10 kN
2EI 36.22

13.78

4m

4m

5 kN/m

43.25

43.25 3EI

8m

8m

10 kN

40 kN
36.22 kNm
B

43.25 kNm
C

Ay = 0.47 kN

ByL = 9.53 kN

CyR = 25.41 kN

D
Dy = 14.59 kN

40 kN
43.25 kNm

13.78 kNm
B
ByR = 12.87 kN

C
CyL= 27.13 kN

18

50 kNm

10 kN
A

2EI

5 kN/m
C

3EI

14.59 kN

0.47 kN
4m

V (kN)

9.53+12.87=22.4 kN 27.13+25.41=52.54 kN
4m
8m
8m
12.87

0.47
-9.53

30.32

x (m)
-14.59
-27.13

1.88

21.29
x (m)

-36.22
Deflected
shape

2.92 m

2.57 m

13.78
M(kNm)

25.41

-43.25
x (m)
19

Example 3
From the beam shown use the moment distribution method to:
(a) Determine all the reactions at supports, and also
(b) Draw its quantitative shear and bending moment diagrams, and
qualitative deflected shape.

2EI

40 kN

10 kN/m

50 kNm

40 kN

D
3m

3m

EI
9m

3m

20

2EI

40 kN

50 kNm

10 kN/m

120 kNm

D
30

30
3m

Dist.
CO

-4.5

45.5

9m

3m

K2 = 3(EI)/9

K1/(K1+ K2)

Joint couple
CO
20
FEM
30
Dist.

EI
0.5

3m

K1 = 4(2EI)/6

101.25

0.5

DF

40 kN

K2/(K1+ K2)

0.80 0.20
40 10
-60
-30 101.25

1
-120

-9 -2.25

49

-120
21

40 kN
1

2EI
A

49

45.5

EI

B
3m

10 kN/m

50 kNm

3m

120

40 kN
D

120
C

9m

3m

40 kN
45.5 kNm
A

40 kN
1 kNm
B

120 kNm
C

Ay = 27.75 kN

ByL = 12.25 kN

CyR = 40 kN

90 kN
120 kNm

49 kNm
B
ByR = 37.11 kN

C
CyL = 52.89 kN
22

2EI

40 kN

10 kN/m

50 kNm

40 kN

D
EI

3m

V (kN)

27.75
+

M(kNm)

-45.5

Deflected
shape

52.89+40 = 92.89 kN
3m
40

37.11
-12.25
37.75
+

B
12.25+37.11 = 49.36 kN
3m
9m

27.75 kN

+
-

3.71 m

x (m)

-52.89
1
-

19.84
+

x (m)
-

-49
-120

x (m)
23

Example 4
The support B of the beam shown (E = 200 GPa, I = 50x106 mm4 ) settles 10 mm.
Use the moment distribution method to:
(a) Determine all the reactions at supports, and also
(b) Draw its quantitative shear and bending moment diagrams,
and qualitative deflected shape.
15 kNm

20 kN

12 kNm

3 kN/m

2EI

3EI

B
4m

4m

8m

24

15 kNm

20 kN

12 kNm

3 kN/m

B
A

2EI
4m

30

16
3EI
10 mm 8 m

0.5 4 m

6(2 EI ) 6(2 EI )

= 9.375
2
2
L
2L

6(2 EI )
L2

K1 = 3(2EI)/8
DF 1
Joint couple -12
CO
[FEM]load
[FEM]

6(3EI )
= 28.125
L2

[FEM]

K1/(K1+ K2)

K2/(K1+ K2)

0.333 0.667
5

12.90

10
5
-16
-28.125

25.85
12.92

CO

16
0.5
6(3EI )
= 28.125
L2

K2 = 4(3EI)/8

-6
-30 16
9.375 -28.125

Dist.

-12

-8.72

23.72

-26.20

25

Note : Using the

slope deflection 12 kNm
A

20 kN

18.75-9.375

15 kNm

(9.375 )
2EI
4m

(20+10)load
4m

3 kN/m
(28.125)

3EI 28.125
(16)load
10 mm
8m

16

15 kNm
-12

4(2 EI )
2(2 EI )
M AB =
A +
B + 20 18.75 (1)
8
8
2(2 EI )
4(2 EI )
M BA =
A +
B 20 + 18.75 (2)
8
8
( 2) (1)
3(2 EI )
: M BA =
B 30 + 9.375 12 / 2 (2a)
2
8
4(3EI )
M BC =
B + 16 28.125 (3)
8
2(3EI )
M CB =
B 16 28.125 (4)
8

MBA

MBC
B

MB = 0: - MBA - MBC + 15 = 0

(0.75 + 1.5)EIB - 38.75 - 15 = 0

B = 23.9/EI
MBA = -8.7 kNm,
MBC = 23.72 kNm
2(3EI )
B 16 28.125
8
26
= 26.2 kN m

M CB =

12 kNm

2EI
A

12 kNm

15 kNm

20 kN

4m

8.725
4m

3 kN/m

23.7253EI

8m

20 kN

26.205

24 kN
8.725 kNm
B

26.205 kNm

23.725 kNm
Ay = 7.41 kN

ByL = 12.59 kN

ByR = 11.69 kN

Cy = 12.31 kN

27

15 kNm

20 kN

12 kNm
A

2EI

7.41 kN
4m

4m

3EI

26.205

12.59+11.69 = 24.28 kN
8m

12.31 kN

11.69

7.41

V (kN)

3 kN/m

3.9 m

x (m)
-12.31

-12.59
41.64
12
M
(kNm)

+
-8.725

-0.93

-23.725
Deflected
shape

10 mm

x (m)
-26.205

B = 23.9/EI

x (m)
28

Example 5
For the beam shown, support A settles 10 mm downward, use the moment
distribution method to
(a)Determine all the reactions at supports
(b)Draw its quantitative shear, bending moment diagrams, and qualitative
deflected shape.
Take E= 200 GPa, I = 50(106) mm4.

6 kN/m
B
2EI
3m

1.5EI

12 kNm
A
10 mm

3m

29

4.5+(4.5/2)
= 6.75

B
2EI
3m

1.5EI
3 m 0.5

100-(100/2) = 50

0.01 m

C
K1 = 4(2EI)/3

CO
[FEM]load
[FEM]

MF

10 mm

6(1.5 200 50)(0.01)

32
= 100 kN m

K2 = 3(1.5EI)/3

K1/(K1+ K2)

DF 0
Joint couple

4.5

0.5

12 kNm

6 kN/m

K2/(K1+ K2)

0.64 0.36

1
12

6
6.75
50

Dist.

-40.16 -22.59

CO

-20.08

-20.08

-40.16 40.16

12

30

12 kNm

6 kN/m
B

A
2EI
3m

-20.08

-10.16 40.16

20.08 kNm
B
20.08 kN

1.5EI
3m

12

40.16 kNm

40.16 + 20.08
= 20.08 kN
3

18 kN
6 kN/m
40.16 kNm

C
26.39 kN

12 kNm

8.39 kN
31

12 kNm

6 kN/m
B

2EI

1.5EI

3m
B

40.16 kNm

C
20.08 kN
40.16 kNm

V (kN)

6 kN/m

C
26.39 kN
26.39

12 kNm

Deflected shape

-20.08
20.08

8.39 kN
8.39
x (m)

+
M (kNm)

10 mm

3m

20.08 kNm
20.08 kN

12

x (m)

-40.16
x (m)
32

Example 6
For the beam shown, support A settles 10 mm downward, use the moment
distribution method to
(a)Determine all the reactions at supports
(b)Draw its quantitative shear, bending moment diagrams, and qualitative
deflected shape.
Take E= 200 GPa, I = 50(106) mm4.

6 kN/m
B
2EI
3m

1.5EI

12 kNm
A
10 mm

3m

33

 Overview

6 kN/m
B
2EI
3m

12 kNm
A

10 mm

1.5EI
3m

6 kN/m
B

12 kNm
A

C
R

10 mm

R
R + R ' C = 0 (1*)
34

 Artificial joint applied

4.5+(4.5/2)
= 6.75

B
2EI
3m

1.5EI
3 m 0.5

100-(100/2) = 50

0.01 m

C
K1 = 4(2EI)/3

CO
[FEM]load
[FEM]

MF

10 mm

6(1.5 200 50)(0.01)

32
= 100 kN m

K2 = 3(1.5EI)/3

K1/(K1+ K2)

DF 0
Joint couple

4.5

0.5

12 kNm

6 kN/m

K2/(K1+ K2)

0.64 0.36

1
12

6
6.75
50

Dist.

-40.16 -22.59

CO

-20.08

-20.08

-40.16 40.16

12

35

6 kN/m

12 kNm

A
2EI
3m

-20.08

1.5EI
3m

-40.16 40.16

20.08 kNm
B

12

40.16 kNm

40.16 + 20.08
= 20.08 kN
3

20.08 kN

40.16 kNm
40.16 kNm
20.08

18 kN
6 kN/m
C
26.39 kN

12 kNm

8.39 kN

40.16 kNm
C 26.39 kN
R

+ Fy = 0 : 20.08 26.39 + R = 0

R = 46.47 kN

36

 Artificial joint removed

B
2EI 0.5
3m

1.5EI 0.5
R
3m
C

DF 0

6(1.5EI )(

Dist.

75-(75/2)
= 37.5
0.64 0.36

[FEM] -100

32

75
)
EI = 75

-100 +37.5
40 22.5

CO

20

-80

-60 60
60 kNm

80 kNm
46.67 kN

100

75
6(2 EI ) C

=
=
100
EI
32

60 kNm
C
20 kN

C
46.67 kN
46.67

20 kN

C
20 kN + Fy = 0 : R' = 66.67 kN 37
R

 Solve equation
Substitute R = 46.47 kN and R ' = 66.67 kN in (1*)

46.47 + 66.67C = 0
C = 0.6970

6 kN/m

B
20.08 kNm

12 kNm
A

C
R = 46.47 kN

20.08 kN

8.39 kN

80 kNm

10 mm

46.67 kN

R = 66.67 kN

C = 0.6970

20 kN
12 kNm

6 kN/m
35.68 kNm

12.45 kN

2EI

1.5EI

A
5.55 kN

38

6 kN/m
35.68 kNm

2EI

12.45 kN

3m

12 kNm
A

1.5EI

10 mm
5.55 kN

3m

V (kN) 12.45

0.925 m

x (m)
-5.55

M (kNm)

1.67
-

14.57
+

12
x (m)

-35.68
Deflected shape
x (m)
39

Symmetric Beam
Symmetric Beam and Loading
P

real beam
VB

L
2

L
2

VC

+ MC = 0:

VB ' ( L ) +

M
L
( L)( ) = 0
EI
2

L EI
EI
conjugate beam

VB ' = =
M=

ML
2 EI

2 EI

The stiffness factor for the center span is, therefore,

K=

2 EI
L

40

 Symmetric Beam with Antisymmetric Loading

P

real beam

VB
B

1 M L M
( )( )
2 EI 2 EI
2
L
3

+ MC = 0:

1 M L 2L
VB ' ( L) + ( )( )( ) = 0
2 EI 2 3
VB ' = =

M
EI

1 M L
( )( )
2 EI 2

conjugate beam

VC

M=

ML
6 EI

6 EI

The stiffness factor for the center span is, therefore,

K=

6 EI
L

41

Example 5a
Determine all the reactions at supports for the beam below. EI is constant.

15 kN/m
A

D
B
4m

C
6m

4m

42

15 kN/m
A

wL2/15 = 16 B
4m

wL2/12 = 45 C wL2/15 = 16
6m
4m

2 EI 2 EI
3EI 3EI
=
=
, K ( BC ) =
L
6
4
L
K ( AB )
K ( AB )
(3EI / 4)
( DF ) AB =
= 1,( DF ) BA =
=
= 0.692,
K ( AB ) + K ( BC ) (3EI / 4) + ( 2 EI / 6)
K ( AB )
K ( BC )
(2 EI / 6)
( DF ) BC =
=
= 0.308
K ( AB ) + K ( BC ) (3EI / 4) + (2 EI / 6)
1.0 0.692 0.308
DF

K ( AB ) =

[FEM]load

Dist.

-20.07 -8.93

A
0.98 kN

8
3

-16 +45

-36.07 +36.07

30 kN

4m

36.07 kNm
B
B
29.02 kN

90 kN
3m
45 kN

3m

30 kN
36.07 kNm
C
C
45 kN

8
3

4m
29.02 kN 0.98 kN 43

A
0.98 kN

8
3

30 kN

90 kN

36.07 kNm
B
B

4m

3m

29.02 kN

3m

45 kN

30 kN
36.07 kNm
C
C
45 kN

8
3

4m
29.02 kN 0.98 kN

15 kN/m
A
0.98 kN
V
(kN)

D
B

74.02 kN
6m
45

4m
0.98
-29.02

M
(kNm)

31.42

0.98 kN

29.02

-45

+
-

-36.07
Deflected
shape

C 74.02 kN
4m

x (m)
-0.98

x (m)

-36.07
44

Example 5b
Determine all the reactions at supports for the beam below. EI is constant.

15 kN/m
C

A
B
4m

15 kN/m
3m

3m

4m

45

15 kN/m

Fixed End Moment

wL2/15 = 16 B 11wL2/192 5wL2/192

= 30.938
= 14.063

5wL2/192 11wL2/192
wL2/15 = 16
= 14.063 = 30.938
C
D

15 kN/m

15 kN/m
A
16

B 16.875

16.875
C

16

15 kN/m
46

15 kN/m
A
16

B 16.875
3m

4m
K ( AB ) =

DF
[FEM]load
Dist.

5.91 kN

16

15 kN/m
3m

4m

6 EI 6 EI
3EI 3EI
=
= EI
=
= 0.75EI , K ( BC ) =
6
L
4
L

( DF ) AB = 1,

16.875
C

0.75
= 0.429,
0.75 + 1
1.0 0.429 0.571
( DF ) BA =

( DF ) BC =

1
= 0.571
0.75 + 1

-16 16.875
-0.375 -0.50

-16.375 16.375
8
30 kN
3
45 kN
8
16.375 kNm
16.375 kNm
4m
3
B
C
D
B
C
4m
27.96 kN
24.09 kN
5.91 kN
27.96 kN 45 kN
30
kN
47
24.09 kN

A
5.91 kN

8
3

30 kN

45 kN

16.375 kNm
B
B

4m

16.375 kNm
C
C

8
3
4m

27.96 kN
27.96 kN 45 kN
24.09 kN 30 kN

24.09 kN

D
5.91 kN

15 kN/m
C

A
B
5.91 kN
V
(kN)

5.91

15 kN/m

52.05 kN

52.05 kN

27.96

27.96

-24.09

-24.09

D
5.91 kN
5.91
x (m)

16.375

M
(kNm)

x (m)
-16.375

Deflected shape
48

Moment Distribution Frames: No Sidesway

49

Example 6
From the frame shown use the moment distribution method to:
(a) Determine all the reactions at supports
(b) Draw its quantitative shear and bending moment diagrams,
and qualitative deflected shape.
40 kNm
8 kN/m

48 kN
B

2.5EI

2.5EI
4m

3EI

5m

5m

50

40 kNm
8 kN/m

48 kN
B

A
2.5EI
0.5
KAB = KBC = 3(2.5EI)/5 = 1.5 EI

3EI

Joint load
CO
FEM
Dist.

2.5EI
0.5

5m
B

BA

BC

BD

DB

CB

0.25

0.25

0.5

-10

-10

-20

-45
5

-10
25
5

10

CO

4m

0.5
D

5m

DF

25

45

KBD = 4(3EI)/4 = 3EI

Member AB

5
0

-50

20

-10

-5

51

40 kNm
8 kN/m

48 kN
B

A
14 kN

C
20

2.5EI 50

10

3EI
5

2.5EI

16 kN
Member

58 kN

BC

BD

DB

CB

-50

20

-10

-5

40 kNm
34
24 3.75

20

50

48 kN

3.75
B 0

50 kNm
58

14 kN

BA

AB

58
10

40 kN
B
20 3.75

10 kNm

34 kN

24 kN

C 3.75
16 kN

3.75 kN
5
58

3.75 kN
52

40 kNm
8 kN/m

48 kN
B

A
14 kN

2.5EI

C
20

50
3EI

2.5EI

10
5

16 kN
4m

5m

5m
58 kN

35
10

16

20
50

Moment diagram

Deflected shape

5
53

Moment Distribution for Frames: Sidesway

54

Single Frames

R B

x C1
A

D
Artificial joint applied
(no sidesway)

Artificial joint removed

(sidesway)

0 = R + C1R
55

Multistory Frames

P2

P3
P4

P1

P3

P2

R2
P4

P1

R2

x C1
R1

R1

R2
x C2
R1

0 =R2 + C1R2 + C2R2

0 =R1 + C1R1 + C2R2

56

Example 7
From the frame shown use the moment distribution method to:
(a) Determine all the reactions at supports, and also
(b) Draw its quantitative shear and bending moment diagrams, and
qualitative deflected shape.
EI is constant.
16 kN
B

1m

4m

5m
A

57

 Overview
16 kN
B
5m
A

1m

16 kN
C

4m

R B

5m
D

+
A

D
artificial joint applied
(no sidesway)

R + C1R = 0

x C1
A

artificial joint removed

( sidesway)

---------(1)

58

 Artificial joint applied (no sidesway)

Fixed end moment:
16 kN
b=1m
B

a=4m

Pa2b/L2 Pb2a/L2
= 10.24 = 2.56

Equilibrium condition :
+ F = 0: A + D + R = 0
x
x
x

59

16 kN
1m
B

4m
10.24

5m

0.5

0.5

0.50 0.50

0.50 0.50

5m

FEM
Dist.

10.24
-5.12 -5.12

-2.56
1.28 1.28

0.64
-0.32 -0.32

-2.56
1.28 1.28

0.64

CO -2.56
Dist.
CO -0.16
Dist.

0.64
-0.32 -0.32

-0.16
0.08 0.08

0.64

CO -0.16
Dist.

0.04
-0.02 -0.02

-0.16
0.08 0.08

0.04

-5.78 5.78

-2.72 2.72

1.32

DF

2.56
0.5

5.78 kNm

2.72 kNm

C
5m

-2.88

D
0

Equilibrium condition :

5m

Ax = 1.73 kN D

2.88 kNm

+ F = 0: 1.73 - 0.81 + R = 0
x
Dx = 0.81 kN

R = - 0.92 kN

1.32 kNm
60

 Artificial joint removed ( sidesway)

Fixed end moment:
Since both B and C happen to be displaced the same amount , and AB and DC
have the same E, I, and L so we will assume fixed-end moment to be 100 kNm.

100 kNm

5m

5m
A

R
100 kNm
5m

100 kNm

100 kNm
D

Equilibrium condition :
+ F = 0: A + D + R = 0
x
x
x
61

5m

0.5

0.5

0.50 0.50

0.50 0.50

100
-50 -50

100
-50 -50

-25.0
12.5 12.5

-25.0
12.5 12.5

-25.0

6.5
-3.125 -3.125

6.5
-3.125 -3.125

6.5

CO -1.56
Dist.

-1.56
0.78 0.78

-1.56
0.78 0.78

-1.56

CO 0.39
Dist.

0.39
-0.195 -0.195

0.39
-0.195 -0.195

0.39

100 kNm DF

100 kNm

5m

0.5

100 kNm

5m
100 kNm

FEM 100
Dist.
CO -25.0
Dist.
CO 6.5
Dist.

60 kNm

60 kNm

C
5m

Ax = 28 kN
80 kNm

5m

80

60 -60

D
0
100

-60 60

80

Equilibrium condition: + Fx = 0:

Dx = 28 kN
80 kNm

-28 - 28 + R = 0
R = 56 kN
62

Substitute R = -0.92 and R= 56 in (1) :

R + C1R = 0
-0.92 + C1(56) = 0
C1 =

0.92
56

16 kN

16 kN

C
5.78

R B

2.72
2.72

5.78

2.88

1.32
1.73 kN

60

60

60

60

x C1
80

0.81

80

4m
4.79

3.71

4.79
5m
1.57

28

28

1m

3.71

5m
2.63

1.27 kN

D 1.27

63

8.22
16 kN
B

1m

4m
4.79

4.79

3.71

4.79
5m
1.57

4.79

3.71

3.71

5m
2.63

1.27 kN

3.71

13.01 kN

1.27 kN

D 2.99 kN

1.57

2.63

Bending moment
diagram (kNm)

Deflected shape

64

Example 8
From the frame shown use the moment distribution method to:
(a) Determine all the reactions at supports, and also
(b) Draw its quantitative shear and bending moment diagrams, and
qualitative deflected shape.
3m

20 kN/m
B

pin
C

3EI
2EI

3m

4m

4EI
A
D

65

 Overview
20 kN/m
B

3m, 3EI

C
3 m , 2EI
4m , 4EI

C
R

+
A

x C1

D
artificial joint applied
(no sidesway)

R + C1R = 0

D
artificial joint removed
(sidesway)

----------(1)
66

 Artificial joint applied (no sidesway)

A
20 kN/m
B
3m , 3EI C
R
DF 0
0.5
FEM 15.00
15
Dist.
0.5
0.5
CO 3.533
3 m , 2EI
4m, 4EI
15
18.53

0.471 0.529

1.00 1.00

-15.00
7.065 7.935

-7.94

7.94

A
D
KBA = 4(2EI)/3 = 2.667EI

KBC = 3(3EI)/3 = 3EI

KCD = 3(4EI)/4 = 3EI

7.94 kNm
+ F = 0:
x

60 - 33.53 - 0 + R = 0

60
A

3m

4m

Ax = 33.53 kN D

Dx = 0

18.53 kNm

R = - 26.47 kN

67

 Artificial joint removed ( sidesway)

Fixed end moment

3m, 3EI C

100 kNm
3 m, 2EI
100 kNm

6(4EI)/(4) 2

6(2EI)/(3) 2

3m, 3EI C

100 kNm
4m, 4EI

3 m, 2EI
100 kNm

6(2EI)/(3) 2
3(4EI)/(4) 2

4m, 4EI
3(4EI)(75/EI)/(4) 2
= 56.25 kNm

A
D

Assign a value of (FEM)AB = (FEM)BA = 100 kNm

6(2 EI )
= 100
2
3
AB = 75/EI
68

3m

A
DF

3m

4m

56.25

52.9. kNm

76.45

1.00 1.00

100
-47.1 -52.9

56.25
0

52.9 -52.9

56.25

D
+ F = 0:
x

C
B

-43.12 - 14.06 + R = 0
4m

3m
A

0.471 0.529

CO -28.55

100

FEM 100
Dist.

0.5
0.5

0.5

100

Ax = 43.12kN
76.45 kNm

R = 57.18 kN

14.06 kN
56.25 kNm

69

Substitute R = -26.37 and R= 57.18 in (1) :

R + C1R = 0
-26.47 + C1(57.18) = 0
C1 =

26.47
57.18
20 kN/m

52.9 kNm

7.94 kNm
7.94 kNm

76.45 kNm
43.12 kN

33.53 kN

0
0

16.55 kNm

18.53 kNm

52.9

3m

x C1
56.25

D 14.06

3m

53.92 kNm

4m

53.49 kN
26.04 kNm

5.52 kN6.51 kN

D
5.52 kN
70

20 kN/m
B

16.55

3m

16.55

16.55 kNm
3m
53.92 kNm

4m
53.92

53.49 kN
26.04 kNm

5.52 kN6.51 kN

D
5.52 kN

Moment diagram

26.04
D

A
Deflected shape
D

71

Example 8
From the frame shown use the moment distribution method to:
(a) Determine all the reactions at supports, and also
(b) Draw its quantitative shear and bending moment diagrams,
and qualitative deflected shape.
EI is constant.
10 kN B

C
4m

D
4m

3m

72

 Overview
10 kN B

C
4m

D
4m

3m

10 kN B

---------(1)

R + C1R = 0

+
A

D
artificial joint applied
(no sidesway)

x C1
A

D
artificial joint removed
(sidesway)

73

 Artificial joint applied (no sidesway)

10 kN B

Equilibrium condition :

+ F = 0:
x
10 + R = 0
R = - 10 kN

74

 Artificial joint removed (sidesway)

Fixed end moment

6EIBC/(4) 2

6EIAB/(4) 2
100 kNm

R
3EICD/(5) 2

C
100 kNm
6EIAB/(4) 2

6EICD/(5) 2 4 m

D
4m

3m

Assign a value of (FEM)AB = (FEM)BA = 100 kNm : 6 EI AB = 100

42
AB = 266.667/EI
C
B
CD BC
R
CD = / cos 36.87 = 1.25 = 1.25(266.667/EI)

C
B
= 333.334/EI
36.87
C
4m
CD
BC = tan 36.87 = 0.75
36.87
= 0.75(266.667/EI)
A
D
C
AB =
= 200/EI
4m
3m

75

BC= 200/EI, CD = 333.334/EI

6EIBC/(4) 2 = 6(200)/42 = 75 kNm

100 kNm

R
3EICD/(5) 2 = 3(333.334)/52 = 40 kNm

100 kNm
A

Equilibrium condition :
+ F = 0: A + D + R = 0
x
x
x

76

75

75
R
C

0.5

100

100

D
4m

3m

KBA = 4EI/4 = EI, KBC = 4EI/4 = EI,

KCD = 3EI/5 = 0.6EI
81.05 B

0.50 0.50

0.625 0.375

CO -2.735
Dist.

1.953 -2.735
-0.977 -0.977 1.709 1.026

91.02

100 -75
-75 40
-12.5 -12.5 21.875 13.125
10.938 -6.25
-5.469 -5.469 3.906 2.344

81.05 -81.05 -56.48 56.48

34.38 kN
56.48

56.48 C
34.38 kN

CO -6.25
Dist.

34.38 kN
81.05

FEM 100
4 m Dist.

40
0.5

0.5

DF

43.02 kN
91.02
34.38 kN

34.38 kN

+ F = 0:
x
-43.02 - 39.91 + R = 0
R = 82.93 kN

39.91 kN
D
34.38 kN
77

Substitute R = -10 kN and R= 82.93 kN in (1) : -10 + C1(82.93) = 0

R + C1R = 0
10 kN B

---------(1)
C

C1 = 10/82.93
B

81.05

+
A

0
D

91.02
43.02 kN

0
10 kN B
9.77

A
4.15 kN

x C1= 10/82.93
39.91 kN
D
34.38 kN

34.38 kN

56.48
56.48

81.05

9.77

C
6.81
6.81
10.98
5.19 kN
4m

4m
4.81 kN
D
3m

4.15 kN
78

10 kN B

9.77

C
6.81
6.81

9.77

10.98
5.19 kN

A
4.15 kN

4m

4m

D
3m

4.81 kN
4.15 kN

9.77
9.77

6.81

10.98

Bending moment diagram

(kNm)

D
Deflected shape

79

Example 9
From the frame shown use the moment distribution method to:
(a) Determine all the reactions at supports, and also
(b) Draw its quantitative shear and bending moment diagrams,and
qualitative deflected shape.
EI is constant.
40 kN
20 kN B

C
3EI

3m

4EI

4m

4EI

D
2m

3m

2m

80

40 kN

Overview

20 kN B

C
3EI

3m

4EI
A

D
2m

3m

3m

+
D

2m

R + C1R = 0

artificial joint applied

(no sidesway)
A

2m

40 kN
20 kN B

4m

4EI

2m

----------(1)
C

R
x C1

artificial joint removed

(no sidesway)
A

D
2m

3m

2m

81

 Artificial joint applied (no sidesway)

Fixed end moments:
40 kN
PL/8 = 15
C

20 kN

15+(15/2)
= 22.5 kNm

D
2m

3m

2m

Equilibrium condition :
+ F = 0: A + D + R = 0
x
x
x
82

40 kN
20 kN B

C
22.5
0.5

D
0

22.5
-13.5 -9.0

FEM
Dist.
CO -6.75

0.5

0.60 0.40 1.00 1.00

DF 0

15

0.5

-6.75

-13.5 13.5

D
2m

3m

2m

KBA = 4(4EI)/3.6 = 4.444EI, KBC = 3(3EI)/3 = 3EI,

24.5 kN

15.5 kN
13.5 kNm
+ F = 0:
x
23.08 + 20 -7.75 + R = 0

B
40 kN
13.5 B
A

23.08 kN

6.75 kNm
24.5 kN

24.5 kN

R = - 35.33 kN

C
15.5 kN

7.75 kN
0
15.5 kN

83

 Artificial joint removed (sidesway)

Fixed end moments:

3m

3.6
06
m

R
4. 4

3EI

m
72

4EI

4EI

D
3(3EI)BC/(3) 2 6(3EI)BC/(3) 2

100 kNm
6(4EI)AB/(3.606) 2

R
6(4EI)CD/(4.47) 2

100 kNm
6(4EI)AB/(3.61) 2
A

3(4EI)CD/(4.472) 2
D

Assign a value of (FEM)AB = (FEM)BA = 100 kNm : 6(4 EI ) AB = 100,

3.612

AB = 54.18/EI
84

B BB

CC
C
C
R

= ABcos 33.69 = 45.08/EI

C
CD

26.57

33
.69 o

C
B

AB

D
BC

26.57
33.69o

=5

4.3

tan 26.57 = 22.54/EI

tan 33.69 = 30.05/EI

/E I

B
= B' C ' = 22.54 / EI + 30.05 / EI = 52.59 / EI

CD = /cos 26.57= 50.4/EI

3(3EI)BC/(3) 2 = 3(3EI)(52.59/EI) /(3) 2 = 52.59 kNm
100 kNm

100 kNm
A

3(4EI)CD/(4.472) 2
= 3(4EI)(50.4/EI)/(4.472) 2
D
= 30.24 kNm

85

3EI
B 52.59
100

0.5

3m
100 0.5
4EI
A

4m

0.5

2m

3m

0.60 0.40

FEM 100
Dist.

100 -52.59
-28.45 -18.96

0
30.24

85.78 71.55 -71.55

30.24

2m
23.85 kN

71.55 B
23.85

+ F = 0:
x
-68.34 - 19.49 + R = 0

85.78kNm
23.85 kN

1.00

30.24

71.55 kNm

68.34 kN

1.00

CO -14.223

23.85 kN

DF 0

4EI
D

R = 87.83 kN

C
23.85

19.49 kN
30.24 kNm
23.85 kN
86

Substitute R = -35.33 and R= 87.83 in (1) :

-35.33 + C1(87.83) = 0

40 kN
20 kN B

35.33 kN

13.5 kNm

23.08 kN

A 24.5 kN

x C1
68.34 kN

30.24 kNm

23.85 kN

7.75 kN

90.59 kN

71.55 kNm

+85.78 kNm

6.75 kNm

C1 = 35.33/87.83

15.5 kN

19.485 kN
23.85 kN

40 kN

20 kN B

C
15.28 kNm

27.76 kNm
4.41 kN

12.16 kNm

14.91 kN

15.59 kN
25.09 kN

87

40 kN
20 kN B

C
15.28 kNm

27.76 kNm
4.41 kN

12.16 kNm

14.91 kN

15.59 kN

25.09 kN

37.65
15.28

27.76

Bending moment diagram

12.16

Deflected shape

D
88