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April2002 1/11

G. Augustoni - F. Salanitri

AN1484APPLICATION NOTE

A 3.6 WATTS TRAVEL ADAPTOR USING VIPer12A

Abstract

The VIPer12A isan integratedPWM and MOSFETcircuit for low power application in the 5W range,typically in Cellular Phone Adapters.It ishousedinsurface mount SO-8and DIP8 packages.With the availability of VIPer12A in SO-8 packageand the limited number of external components fora real PWM operation, building a compact andperformant power supply becomes simple.The travel adaptor design presented here, hasbeen made with the aim of minimising overall costfor a secondary voltage and current regulatedadapter, topology widely used in Cellular PhoneAdapters.The VIPer12A presents itself as the answer forlower consumption in standby, like in homeappliances where it will be required to limit nonnegligible ”off the use” consumptions, asrecommended by the “European Commission ofEnergy”. Today regulations demand less than 1Watt.Thanksto VIPer12A lowpowerconsumption,it is possible to achieve 100mW standby power ina wide range of operations.

1.0 PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

The circuit is a standard Flyback converter withsecondary current and voltage regulation drivingthe VIPer12A feedback pin through anoptocoupler.

Table 1:

System Performances

1.1 The VIPer12A1.1.1 Start-up phase

VIPer12A, asany member of the VIPer family, hasan integrated highvoltage currentsource tochargeC3 Vdd capacitor until it reaches its startup level(15V). When Vdd gets to 15V, the VIPer switches,supplied by the energy stored in C3, until it issupplied through the auxiliary winding.

1.1.2 Auxiliary Supply

VIPer12A hasa wide operatingvoltage range from9V to 40V, respectively maximum and minimumvalues for undervoltage and overvoltageprotections. This wide voltage supply rangesimplifies the design ofthe VIPer12A supply but, toensure proper operation of the application in anycase, it is advised:- innormal operation, tosupply VIPer12A within itsoperating range;- in standby mode, to minimize auxiliaryconsumption to achieve very low standby power;- in shortcircuit, to limit output powerby going intoan hiccup mode;- in constant current mode, to ensure currentregulation below 2V before going into hiccupmode.

Parameters 100VDC 380VDC

Standby Power 90mW 119mWEfficiency at 3.6W 62% 66%Short Circuit Power 1W 1.3WLoad Regulation 3% 2%

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1.1.3 Burst Mode

The VIPer12A integrates a current mode PWMwith a Power MOSFET and includes the leadingedge blanking function. The burst mode is afeature which allows VIPer12A to reduce itsaverage switching frequency when the energydrained by the output load goes belowE=(tb*Vin)

*fsw/2Lp (tb Blanking time, Vin DCinput voltage, fsw Switching frequency, Lp PrimaryInductance). This is obtained with a small ripplecurrent around shut down current of feedback pinand maintaining the Vdd voltage above 9V. If Vddgoes below 9V there is the “bad burst mode” inwhich VIPer12A repeats the restart cyclecontinuously, with a worst standby consumptionand a higher secondary ripple voltage.

1.1.4 Compensation and Duty cycle control

The internal structure of VIPer12A feedback andcompensation pin (FB pin 3) is shown in Figure 1.The current injected on the FB pin is added to theone coming from the SenseFet in R2 and thencompared to an internal 0.23V Vref. When FBvoltage is closed to ground, the VIPer12A deliversits full power. On the other side, when FB voltageis above 0.23*(R1+R2)/R2, the VIPer12A stopsswitching.The FB pin is directly driven by the emitter of theoptocoupler, behaving as a current source. Thiscurrent is filtered by a small 47nF capacitor C5 toguarantee cycle to cycle stability.

Important

: It is necessary to keep C5 very close tothe VIPer12A feedbackpin toavoid high frequencyinstability on the compensation loop.

1.1.5 Primary drive

In a flyback power supply, the transformer is usedas anenergy tank fuelled duringthe ONtime of theMosfet.When theMosfet turnsoff, itsdrainvoltagerises from low value to the Input Voltage +Reflected Voltage when the secondary diodeconducts, regaining on the secondary themagnetic energy stored in the transformer. Asprimary and secondary windings are not perfectlymagnetically coupled, there is a serial leakageinductance that behaves like an open inductorcharged at Ipeak that makes the Mosfet drainvoltage reach higher values.If the peak voltage is higher than the Vdss of theVIPer12AMosfet, the device will be destroyed. Sothe drain voltagemust bekept belowits avalanchevoltage of 730V.Commonly a clamper based on a RCD network ora diode with a transil to clamp the rise of the drainvoltage is used.The presence of the clamper is an extraconsumption in standby mode, especially withRCD clamper respect to the transil clamper.Because the power consumption is manageablewith transil clamper,this solution has been chosenhere.

Figure 1:

VIPer12A Internal Structure

1.2 Secondary Regulation1.2.1 Voltage Regulation

The Voltage regulation is achieved with a zenerdiode D6 directly driving the optocoupler. Theresistor R3 limits the current in both the zener andthe opto in case of overvoltage.The VIPer12A feedback pin is current controlledand itsrequirement goesfrom fewuA at full loadto1mA in standby. The same current change isexperimented by the regulating zener on thesecondary side of the converter leading to around5% load regulation.It is possible to improve the load regulation, byconnecting a resistor between the zener and theVout. Of course, this will degrade the standbypower consumption.

1.2.2 Current Regulation

The current regulation uses the drop voltageacross a shunt resistor R6/R7/R8 to bias the T1transistor base-emitter junction. The T1 collectordrives the optocoupler limiting the output power.

60kHzOSCILLATORPWMLATCHSQR

0.23V

IdDRAINSOURCEFBR1R2

C+VddSecondaryfeedback

Is1 k

Ω

230

Ω

AN1484 - APPLICATION NOTE

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Figure 2:

Application Schematic

+ V O U T 6 V / 6 0 0 m A 5 . 1 V

F B V D D D R A I N S O U R C E

C O N T R O L I C 2 V I P e r 1 2 A

- +

D 1 S 1 Z B 6 D 0 . 6 A , 6 0 0 V R 1 1 0 C 1 4 . 7 u F 4 0 0 V C 2 4 . 7 u F 4 0 0 V I N D U C T O R C 4 4 7 n F T R 1 T R A N S F O R M E R R 2 2 2 D 2 B A V 1 0 3 C 3 1 0 u F 6 3 V I C 1 S F H 5 1 7 D 5 S M B Y W 0 1 - 2 0 0 R 6 2 . 7 R 5 1 k T 1 B C 8 4 7 B D 6 A C I N A C I N G N D 4 7 0 u F C 6 2 5 V R 3 5 6 1 0 0 n F C 8 R 8 2 . 7 R 7 2 . 7 4 7 u F C 7 1 6 V C 5 1 . 5 n F 2 K V I 1 1 m H D 3 S M A J 1 8 8 A D 4 B G Y 2 0 G T P 3 T P 2 T P 1 T P 4 T P 5 T P 6 T P 7