Electrical Mach

**************************************************************
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{
W
KK
W
WJ
WJ
K
WJ
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--
K
K
W{
W{
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--
W{
WJ
K (Waber )

W H J
H.dl = I
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--
E1.1)
I1
I2
I3
dl
W{
H
H.dl = I
W
H.l = I
W :
I
r
W{
W l = 2r r l
H .l = I
(A/m)
H=
2r
EF l H
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--
N W2
W{
I N
W
H r
H.l = I
r NI
W l = 2r
H=
NI
Hl = NI
2r
NI
K Hl K
H = NI
l
K I N
W B EFJ
W A
Wb
=
B
E{F
Tesla 2
A
m
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--
B
H
W
B = H E{F
KEF
0 = 4x107 H m B = 0 H W H B
K B =
f (H )
W
B=
()
. r
KEF r = 1
r
K 6000 2000
K r
B = f (H ) H r
K
K r
NI W Rm EFJ
W
Rm =
NI
E{F
Rm = NI = NI = NI = l
A
BH
HA

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--
l
E{F
A
= r 0 A l
W R =
1
l
Rm (henry) A.t
A
Wb
A l
WJ
Rmeq = Rm1 + Rm 2 + Rm3 + E{F

WJ
1
meq
m1
m2
m3
+ E{F
W H.l = NI
H 1 l1 = B1 l1 = l1
A R
1
m1
Rm = NI E{F
K Rm
K
K
W Rm NI
NI
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--
= Rm
WE{F
If
W{
KEF
W NI
Rc =
g
NI
Rc + R g
A
0
l c NI = H c l c + H g l g =
A
r
K l g
Bc =
B
B g = Bc =
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W Ac Ag W
--

E F = NI F
E A t F
NI
Rm = l
A
1
E henry F
E Volt F
I = V
R
( Waber F
B =
A
E A F
R =
E F
J = I
A
E 2 F
m
E Tesla F
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--
K K
K
W J
A
N=250

W{

K N {
B

B= 0 r

B= 0H

{
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--
B
I H
H
K B =
f ( H )
B
Rm
K
W J
F
EF
KE
KEF
WJ {
E{F
I KE I = 0 F H = 0 B = 0
KE{F21
B
Bmax
Br
-H s
3
4
- Hc 5
1
- Br
H = Ni
l
Hc
Hs
7
- Bmax
W{
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--
E I 1 F H 1 2
K3 H s

E H F
W Bm
K B
4J 3 H
Br
H = 0
K
K
E B = 0 F B E H F
H c 5J 4 H c
K
E + H F7 J 6J 5
3J 7J 6J 5J 4J 3K3J 7
H B K

B 0 H = 0 W
K B H c H
WJ
E H F I K
KK
FK
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--
KE
B =
f ( H )
V k h ph = k h V Bnm f W
1.5 n Bm
K2.5
J {

R ie

R
ie2 R ie
K
W
E 4 0 0 F J
k e pe = k e Bm2 f t 3 W
t f Bm
2
K 5mm 0.5
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--
p + p W P
h
WJ
W
48cm
200
K 220 12 cm2
K 0 = 4X 107 H / m
lc =48cm
A = 12 cm 2
i
220
W{
WJ
Rc J {
1.1T I 1 J {
J
1cm
Rmtotal 1.2
K I 2 2.2
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--
Rc1 =
W
c1
= 1591549 A.t / Wb =
0.48
7
200 x 4x10 x12 x10
W1.1
{
Bc = 1.1T
= Bc Ac Rc1
N I 1 = Rc1
Rc1
N
= 9.55 A
1.1x12 x10 x1591549

220
W2.1
Rc 2 =
c2
W l c 2 = 0.48 0.01 = 0.47m l c2

Rc 2 =
200 x 4x
0.47
7
10
x12 x10
= 1558392 A t / Wb
W Rg =
A
0
Ag = Ac
0.01m l g
R g =
4x
0.01
7
10
x12 x10
= 6631456 A t / Wb
WJ
Rtotal = Rc 2 + R g
= 1558392 + 6631456
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--
= 8189848 A t / Wb
W 2.2
I2 =
=
= 49.14 A =
Rtotal
N
B A R
c
1.1x12 x10
total
N
x8189848
220
WJ
N I 1 = 220 x9.55
= 2101A t
WJ
N I 2 = 220 x49.14
= 10811A t

K
W
rm
2
r o=
m
5c
ri =20cm
N=250
KW{
K 250
K r o = 25cm r i = 20cm
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--
W 2.5 A
K -1
-2
K
W r m H -1
H = NI
l
l N = 250
N
r m = 1 (r i + r o) = 1 (0.25 + 0.20) = 0.225m l = 2 r m r m
2
2
H =
250 x 2.5
= 442.3 A t / m
2x0.225
K B = 1.225T H = 442.3 A t / m B
r Ac = r 2 = B Ac L = N
-2
I
Ac = x (0.025)
= 625x10
m r = 2 (r r ) = 2 (0.25 0.20) = 0.025m

2
L=
250 x 24.04 x10

2.5
= 1.225 x625x10 = 24.04 x10 Wb

6
= 0.2404 H = 240.4mH
r = 2000
0.07cm 0.05cm 7cm
E 5 0 0 F

N = 300
W I = 1A
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--
7cm
30cm
7cm
30cm
7cm
7cm
30cm
i
300
lg 2 =0.07cm
7cm
lg 1=0.05cm
KW{
-
-1
K-2
W
R3 =
A
r
WJ
2
(30 + 3.5 + 3.5) x10

7
= 30044 A t / Wb
2000 x 4x10 x(7 x7) x10
W
R1 = R2 =
A
r
(3.5 + 30 + 3.5 + 3.5 + 30 + 3.5 + 3.5 + 30 + 3.5) x10

7
2000 x 4x10 x 49 x10
= 90134 A t / Wb
W
R g1 = l g1
A
0

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--
0.05 x10
4x10 x(1.05 x 49 x10 )
= 77335 A t / Wb
R g 2 = l g 2
A
0
0.07 x10
4x10 x(1.05 x 49 x10 )
= 108269 A t / Wb
W R4 R g1 R1
R4 = R1 + R g1
= 90134 + 77335
= 167469 A t / Wb
W R5 R g 2 R2
R5 = R2 + R g 2
= 90134 + 108269
= 198403 A t / Wb
R6
R5 R4
x
R6 = R4 R5
+
R R
4
R6 = 167469 x198403
167469 + 198403
= 90814 A t / Wb
W
W
NI
R3 + R 6
300 x1
30044 + 90814
= 2.5mWb = 0.0025Wb
W
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--
1 = x
R +R
4
198403
= 0.0025 x
167469 + 198403
= 1.36 x103Wb
= 1.36mWb
W
2 = x
R 4 + R5
= 0.0025 x
167469
167469 + 198403
= 1.14 x103Wb
= 1.14mWb
(-2
WEF
B g1 = 1
1.36 x10
1.05 x 49 x10
= 0.264T
WEF
B g 2 = 2
= 0.222T =
1.14 x10
1.05 x 49 x10
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{
W

(i ) (e ) K
K (n ) (T )
(e,i)
( T,wm )
V
-
W{

KEF
KE{F
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--
EF
WE{F
T wm = v i
Eradians/secondF wm EN.mF T
KEamperesF i EvoltF v
K
W e

e = Blu sin
e = N d
dt
= Bl u E{F
d
(Li ) E{F
dt
l E{FE{F

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--
E{FK e = Blu E{F = 90o

E{FK
X
X
X
e
B
X
X
X
+ X
X
e
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
U
l
X
X
X
B X
- X
X
X
X
W{
e u l B e = Blu
KEFlemingF
W f
I
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
lX
X
X
X
B
X
X
X
X
I
B
W{
E{F
f K
Laplace
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--
= Bil sin
ENFE{F
( )
f = Bil ENF sin = 1 = l , B = 90
K f
K f e
W-1

KE{F

W{
W( stator )-1.1
K
K

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--
KESFENF
5 0 0 3 0 0 2
If
W{
W( rotor or armature) -2.1
K
K
K
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--
W( commutator) -3.1
K
K
W( brushes) -4.1
W-1.4.1
-1.1.4.1
-2.1.4.1
-3.1.4.1
K-4.1.4.1
W-2.4.1
W-5.1
K-1.5.1
F-2.5.1
KE
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--
-3.5.1

K
K
-4.5.1
K
EF-6.1
K
W-2

l
a +
eab
Sa
b -
B1
B2
Sb
b
+ e12
W{
KE{F
l ba
B2B1KsbsaK
K
K e = B( )lu

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--
eab K eab = 2 B( )lu W
KES N F
B()
N
W{
e12
e=
ab
=2B()lv
CbCa
KE{FB2B1
KCbbaCa
B1S
KEFB2EF
e12 eab W
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--
bf
f B1
B2
B2
B1
a
2
()
()
bf
f B1
B2
()
W{
KErippleF
E F
KE{F
baa-bW
K
K
K
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--
eab
e12
E 12(avg)
()
e12
e t1 e t2 e t3
e t4
()
(
)
(
)
W{
W( armature winding ) -3
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--
W ( turn ) G

KW( coil ) G
W( coil side ) G
K
W(armature winding or armature circuit ) G

K
K
K
F
( 2 m.r 360 m.d
: . ( 2x2=4 e.r 2x360=720 e.d )

Emechanical degreesF m.d
Eelectrical degreesF e.d
Enumber of polesF
e.d
E{F
2 m.d
180 ( pole pitch ) G
. Y p
360
m.d
e.d
( back pitch coil pitch ) G
Y 1
K
F Efull coil pitchF *
E180 ed
K Y 1 = Y p
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--

Efront pitchF G
K Y 2
: Y Eresultant pitchF G
Y = Y1 Y 2
()
KH
( commutator pitch ) G
K Y c
E number of armature parallel paths ) G
W(Lap winding) 1.3

Y1
Y2
1 2 3 4
Yc
K K
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--

K A = P
C P C
P
K P
4 4
K
W I c I a
I c = I a E{F
A
K A

A = P E{F
I c = I a
P
Y c = 1 Y = Y 1 Y 2 W
KH
Eprogressive lap windingFJ
Y c = +1
Eretrogressive lap windingFJ
Y c = 1 K

K
WJ
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--
Y 2 = 5 Y 1 = 7 EFEF 24

Y c = +1
Y = Y 1 Y 2 = 7 5 = 2
W
a
c
c
1
e
12
23
19 21
17
22 24
20
16 18
11
13 15
10 12
14
10
11
W{
WEseries or wave windingF-2.3
(Y c = 1)
H P C
Y c = 2(C 1)
P

Y 1

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--
Y 2
K Y = Y 1 + Y 2
Y1
Y
N
Y2
N
Yc
W{

P
2
K

P
2
P Eprogressive wave windingF

2
KE retrogressive wave windingF

1 P 1 1

2
2 P
K 2
KE A = 2 FE{F
I c = I a
2
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--
KEF C C
2
F4EF21
K21 Y 2 = 13 Y 1 = 9 E
Y = Y 1 + Y 2 = 9 + 13 = 22 W
W
2(c + 1) 2(21 + 1)
=
=
= 11
4
KE{F
a
c
c
1
e
d
g
f
d
e
f
g
12
23
19 21
17
22
20
24
16 18
11
13 15
10 12
14
10
11
W{
WW
2(c 1) 2(21 1)
=
=
= 10
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E a Eelectromotive force (e.m.f ) equationF-4
-1
wm -2
k a -3
KK E a
K ( A)
WKK
KK WEF
K
W
EF
KKK
KKK
l KK
W u (m s )
wm = 2
n
rd / s E{F
60
W B( ) n
ec = B( )lu E{F
r
u = r wm
ec = B( )lr wm E{F
KK
W
K B( ) e1 = 2 B( )lr wm
B( ) e1 = 2 B( )lr wm e1
K
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--
Ap
Ap = 2rl W (P ) E r l F
P
W e1 B( ) =
=
p
2rl
e1 = 2 P lr wm
2rl
w
m
K E a
A N
W N
E a = N e1
A
= NP wm
A
k a = NP
A
E a = k a wm E{F
k a wm radians (waber ) E a (Volt ) W

sec onds
N = Z Z = 2 N Z k a
2
W k a
NP ZP
=
=
ka
A 2A E{F
E a = k a wm KK W
Egenerated voltageF E a
K
KEback e.m.fFKK
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--
W T e Eelectromagnetic torque equation F-5

l f c
W I c B( )
= B( )l I c = B( )l
I
a
EF I a
K A
Tc = f cr
W
B( ) =
P
2rl
T c = B( )l I a r
A
P I a
l
r
2rl A
= P I a
2A
W T e
k a ZP
2A
T e = ZT c
= ZP I a
2A
W
T e = k a I a E{F
E E a I a F

E T e wm F
KEshaftF
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--
EI
a
= k a wm I a = T e wm
W-6
(23.1)
K12.5cm 25cm W1
33 K 75 0 0
K 0.75T K 33 7
WJ
k a EF
1000 E a EF
I c EF
I a = 400 A
Pa EF
KE F -2
K
W
W-1
Z A = P = 4 P = 4 k a =
ZP
EF
2A
t c
k a = 462 4 = 73.53 Z = 2ct = 2 33 7 = 462
2 4
wm E a = k a wm EF
Ap = Ap B wm = 2
1000
n
rd
= 2
= 104.72
s
60
60
W
2
2 12.5 10 25 10
3
2
Ap = 2rl 075 =
0.75 = 36.8 10 m
P
4
= 36.8 10 0.75 = 0.0276Wb W

3
E a = 73.53 0.0276 104.72 = 212.5Volt W
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--
I c = I a = I a WEF
A
P
=
400
= 100 A
4
T e = k a I a W
= 73.53 0.0276 400 = 811.8 N m
= 212.5 400 = 85000W = 85 Kw
Pa = E a I a WEF
Pa = T e wm W
= 811.8 104.72 = 85000W
= 85 Kw
W-2
A = 2 2
k a = ZP WEF
2A
= 462 4 = 147.06
2 2
E a = k a wm WEF
= 147.06 0.0276 104.72 = 425Volt
I c = 100 A WEF
I a = A I c = 2 100 = 200 A W
T e = k a I a W
= 147.06 0.0276 200 = 811.8 N m

Pa = E a I a WEF
= 425 200 = 85000W = 85Kw
72 K
6 W2
400
0.039 WbK12
KEF
KEF
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--
A = P = 6 WEF
E a = k a wm WEF
k a = ZP W
2A
Z = 2ct = 2 72 12 = 1728 W
k a = 1728 6 = 275.02
2 6
wm = 2 n = 2 400 = 41.89 rds sec W

60
60
E a = 275.02 0.039 41.89 450Volt W
14412W3
0.05 Wb0.011 K10
K200
KEF
KEF
KEF
K EF
KEF
K A = 2 2 EF
Z = 2ct = 2 144 10 = 2880 W
k a = ZP = 2880 12 2750 W
2A
2 2
wm = 2 n = 2 200 W
60
60
rds
= 20.94 sec
E a = k a wm W
= 2750 0.05 20.94 2880Volt
144 = 72 EF
2
N = 72 10 = 720 W10
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--
R1 = R2 = 720 0.011 = 7.92 W

W
R R = R = 7.92 = 3.96
R +R 2 2
R = 1000 EF
I = E = 2880 = 2.88 A W R
R 1000
T = k I W
R
= 2750 0.05 2.88 = 396 N m

W-7
KE

KK
F F p
KE
2
KK = F p = F p
2 Rg
KK K

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--
res
Fp
W{
res EF
K

wm
K E a = k a wm W
K E a
F F p KK
KE I f
Ea res
If
E a = f (F p )W{
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--
E a = f (F p )

KE I f FKK
W-8
KEF
KK
EF
I f

K
W I f
-1.8
KE{FEseparate excitationF

Ra
+
Rfw
Ea
If
R fc
Vf
Ia
Vt
W{
-2.8
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--
res KEself-excitationF
WEF
Eshunt-excitationFW-1.2.8
KE{F
If
R fc
Ra
I
+ a
Ea
Rfw
IL
Vt
W{
KEseries excitationFW -2.2.8

+
Ra
+
Ea
Ia
Vt
R sr
W{
F
W
KE5%
FEcompound excitationFW-3.2.8
KE
K
KK
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--

Ecummulatively compounded excitationF
If
IL
Ra
I
+ a
R fc
Ea
Rfw
R sr
Vt
W{
If
IL
Ia
Ra
R fc
Vt
Ea
Rfw
R sr
W{
Edifferentially compounded excitationF

K
If
R fc
Ra
+ Ia
Ea
Rfw
IL
Vt
R sr
W{
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--
If
R fc
Ra
+
Vt
Ea
Rfw
IL
Ia
R sr
W{
WJ 9
K( prime mover )
KEF
E a I a
K I 2 R
K

K
WJ {
E I 2 R FG
G
G
G
G
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--
EF
W(copper losses ) -
EF
KEFEF
P F = I 2f R fw P A = I 2a Ra
K R fw I f Ra I a
W( brush losses )J
I a V BD P BD = V BD I a
KE2 VF
W( core losses ) J
W( mechanical losses )J
KW
K
K
W( stray losses )J
K 1 0 0
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--
W( power- flow diagram ) J {
KE{FK

K Pcon
Pcon = E a I a Pcon = T e wm
Pmech + Piron

Pin
Ea I a
Pout = Vt IL
2
Ia R a
2
I f R fw
2
IL R sr
W{
E{F
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--

Pmech +Piron
Pin = V I
t L
Ea I a
Pout

2
I f R fw
2
IL R sr
2
Ia R a
W( efficiency )J {
P
P
out
in
100 E{F
K
00 =
0 0 =
P P
P
in
losses
in
P
P +P
100 E{F
out
out
losses
100 E{F
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--
J {
E F

KEF
K
+
Ra
Ia
Vt
Ea
If
Rfw
W{
R fc
R fw
R f = R fc + R fw
RL
V t V L V f I L I a I f
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--
WJ {
Plosses = Pi.loss + Pm.loss + Pc.loss E{F E a = k a wm E{F
Pc.loss = I 2f R f + I a2 Ra E{FV t = E a I a Ra E{F

Pout = V L I L E{F = I L R L
= I 2L R L I a = I L
Pin = Pout + Plosses E{FV f = I f R f E{F
0 0 = Pout 100 E{F Pe = E a I a E{F
in
WJ {
W -1.2.1
I f
EF

(I a = 0) K
K E a,0
(I a = I L )
KE{F(armature quadrature axis field )
KE{F ( original neutral axis )
K( armature reaction )
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--
S
)(
()
)(
( )

()
)(
W{
W-
E{F
(E a = 0) KK
K

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--
KKK
K
WJ {{
K (V L ,0 = E a,0 ) (I a = I L = 0)
E E a = k a wm F
K ( V L = E a I a Ra ) I a Ra
a
a 0 =Vt 0
a
Vt + Ia Ra
I f(A.R)
Ea res
I f(effective) I f (actual)
W{
www.almohandiss.com
--
If
I a K E a,0 I f (actual )
E{F
F E a E a ,0 K E a = V L + I a Ra
K I f (actual ) E
E{F
K I f (effective ) E a
I f (effective ) = I f (actual ) I f ( A.R ) I f ( A.R ) = I f (actual ) I f (effective )

K I f ( A.R )
WJ {
W
KK
K
W -{{
WEFJ {{{

()
Ia
Ia
W{
www.almohandiss.com
--
W -

()
W{

www.almohandiss.com
--
KE{FK
KK
Ia
Ia
W{
J {{{
WJ {
Ra
Ia
+
Ea
If
Rfw
Vt
W{
www.almohandiss.com
--
V L ,0 = E a,0 = f (I f )J {{
(I a = I L = 0) I f
KV L,0 = E a ,0 = f (I f )
If
W{

I f I f E a
KK
K KK
KK
EhysteresisF
E a ,0 = k a wm KK
KL
n wm = 2
n rds
sec
60
KE{F

www.almohandiss.com
--
a
n1
n1 > n 2
n2
If
W{
V L = f (I L ) J {{
I f n = cons tan t
K I a I L V L
V L = E a,0 V A.R I a Ra W
+
Ra
Ia
Vt
Ea
If
Rfw
W{
www.almohandiss.com
--
Vt
a
I aRa
VAR
t=
IL
IL
W{
E E a F I a Ra
K Ra
V A.R K

K
E{F
V L E a,0
Ra K V A.R + I a Ra = E a V L
V A.R I a Ra
K
: I a = f (I f ) J {{
I a I f I a = f (I f )
KV L
K
www.almohandiss.com
--
V t1< V t2
Ia
If
W{
: J {{
I f I L V L = f (n ) G
I f V L I a = f (n ) G
n I L V L = f (I f ) G
K
: J {
KEFE
KEF
K I L V L
EV L = I L R L F (V , I ) K
V L = E a ,0 V A.R I a Ra

K I L V L
www.almohandiss.com
--
WJ {

K E a
V L E a V L = E a I a Ra
E a = k a wm KV L E a
K
wm J {{
V L E a wm
I f J {{
V f I f = V f R f
KV L E a
WJ {
L 1200
K 0.04 125 V200 A
WJ
EF
EF
WL1000J
EF
KEF
www.almohandiss.com
--
WEFJ
E a = V L + I a Ra V L = E a I a Ra
(I a = I L = 200 A) = Ra = 0.04 V L = 125V
E a = 125 + 200 0.04 = 133V KK
R L = 125 = 0.625 R L = V L V L = I L R L R L EF
200
WL1000 J
n1 wm1 = 2 n1 E a1 = k a wm1 EF
60
n2 wm 2 = 2 n2 E a 2 = k a wm 2
60
K k a E a 2 =
a1
2 n2
60 =
2 n1
60
E a 2 = E a1 n2 = 133 1000 = 110.8V

1200
n
n
111V
KK
I a 2 R L = E a 2 I a 2 Ra V L 2 = I a 2 R L V L 2 = E a 2 I a 2 Ra WEF
a2
R +R
a
a2
L
111
= 166.9 167 A
0.04 + 0.625
0.1 EL1800 200 A 20 KwF
K95.5 0 R fc 133
K200 V
WL 1200
I ( A)
E (V )
f
0.00
0.375
0.50
0.75
0.875
1.00
1.125
1.25
1.50
1.75
5.0
33.5
67.0
134.0
160.0
175.0
190.0
200.0
214.0 223.0
K E a min E a max J
W200V (R fc ) J
www.almohandiss.com
--
R fc J {
WEFJ {
J {{
I f ( A.R ) = 0.125 A J {{
W
E a = k a wm J
R fc = 0 I f
R fc + R fw
K E a max = 214V I f
200
= 1.5 A
133
R fc = 95.5 KK
K E a min = 160V I f
200
= 0.875 A
95.5 + 133
V L ,0 = E a I a Ra = E a = 200V I a = I L = 0 J
K I f = 1.25 A
W R fc J {
R fc R fw I f V f R fc + R fw = V f
K R fc = 27 R fc + 133 = 160 R fc + 133 = 200

1.25
WV L ( full load ) J {
Ia ( rated current ) = Pa ( rated )/VL ( rated )L=
K I a ( F .L ) = 20000 = 100 A
200
E a = 200V KK I f
= 1.25 A J
{{
V L (F .L ) = 190V V L (F .L ) = 200 100 0.1 V L (F .L ) = E a I a ( F .L ) Ra

W I f ( A.R ) = 0.125 A J {{
KK I f (eff ) = 1.25 0.125 = 1.125 A I f (eff ) = I f (act ) I f ( A.R )
E a (eff ) = 190V
V L (F .L ) = 180V V L (F .L ) = 190 100 0.1 V L (F .L ) = E a (eff ) I a ( F .L ) Ra
www.almohandiss.com
--
WJ

K res
J {

I f
K
E{FW
K res
V L = I f R f
WJ {{
a
Vt
Ea = f(If)
X
I f sw

Vt = Rf I f = f(If)
R fc
Ra
+ Ia
Ea
a2
Rfw
a1
ar
()
Ifn.L
If
W{
www.almohandiss.com
--
Vt
()
I f1 I f2
IL
swK E ar
K
EF
K I f 1
E a1 I f 1
E a1 KV L = I f 1 R f E a1
KK E a 2 I f 2
V L = I f R f V L = E a I a Ra W
E Ra R f F I a Ra
{F
E a = I f R f = V L E
E a I f
K I f
K
E{F
a
Vt
R f4
R f3
R f2
Vt2
R f1
Vt1

t3
Vt4
If
W{
www.almohandiss.com
--
R f 3
KEcritical field circuit resistanceF
KV L 4 R f 4
KV L 2 V L1 R f 2 R f 1
K res EF

F F = N f I f EF
KE
KEF
J {{
W
+
If
R fc
Ra
I
+ a
IL
Vt
Ea
Rfw
RL
W{
W
V L = E a ,0 I a Ra V A.R E{F
E aeff = E a,0 V A.R E{F

I f (eff ) = I f (act ) I f ( A.R ) E{F
V L = I f (R fw + R fc ) = I f R f E{F
V L = I L RL
www.almohandiss.com
--
I a = I f + I L E{F
(0 0 ) =
P
P
out
in
100 =
out
=V L I L
out
Pout + Plosses
100
P +P +P
P =I R +I R
losses
cu
iron
cu
V A.R :
E a,0 KK I a
KK I f
V L = f (I L ) J {{

KV L EF
J {{{
V L = E a ,0 I a Ra W
KKK E a,0 V L = E a ,0 I L = 0
K I a = I f + I L I L
I a Ra I a
V L = E a ,0 I a Ra
I f = V L V L
K E a = k a wm =
N I f

Rm
K V L = E a I a Ra E a
KE{F
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--
Vt
Ian
I as.c
I amax
Ia
W{
E a ,0 KK E{F
K I a (S .C ) = I L E ar V L = I L R L = 0 R L = 0 K
Ra
EF

J {{{
I a Ra I a

KE{F V A.R
J {{
www.almohandiss.com
--
wm J {{{
R fc W R f J {{{
K
KV L
R fc R fw (R f = R fw + R fc ) R f

I f
V
R
L

E a E a = k a wm
K V L = E a I a Ra
WJ {{
KJ {{{
KJ {{{
KJ {{{
KJ {{{
W -{{
W
200 100 A
K40.025 WbL 500
K80 0.1
W1660 W
J
J
EFJ
J
J
www.almohandiss.com
--
E a = k a wm E a J
EF A = 2 k a = ZP = 264 4 = 84.03
2A
2 2
= 0.025Wb
wm = 2 n = 2 500 = 52.36rd / sec

60
60
E a = 110V E a = 84.03 0.025 52.36 KK
V L J
V L = 100V V L = 110 100 0.1 V L = E a I a Ra
I f J
If
= 1.25 A I f =
100
I f =
80
V
R
L
fw
I L J
I L = 98.75 A I L = 100 1.25 I L = I a I f
Pout J
Pout = 9875W Pout = 100 98.75 Pout = V L I L
Pcu J
2
2
Pcu = 1125W Pcu = (1.25) 80 + (100) 0.1 Pcu = I 2f R f + I a2 Ra
Plosses = Piron + Pmech + Pcu 0 0 =
www.almohandiss.com
--
0 0 = 78 0 0 0 0 =
0 0 J
out
Pout + Plosses
100
9875
100
9875 + 1660 + 1125
K80 0.1100 V
KEFL 1000
L1000
100 V R fc J
R fc R f (crit ) J
:
E a = k a wm J
K R fc = 0 I f
R fc + R fw
K R f = R fw = 80 V L = 80 I f V L = R fw I f
K Ra pp R f V L = E a I a Ra E a
V L = 80 I f E a = f (I f )
K E a max = 111V
V L E a = 100V J
100 V V L = R f I f
R fc = 100 80 = 20 R f = R fc + R fw = V L = 100 = 100 I f
1
= 1A
J
V L = R f (crit ) I f
K E a = 85V I f
= 0.5 A
K R fc = 170 80 = 90 R f (crit ) = V L = 85 = 170

0.5
www.almohandiss.com
--
W
100
0.1
K100 V60 W200

W5000.02 Wb
KKJ
If = VL
fw
100
= 1A
100
J
I L1 = P L1 = 60 = 0.6 A
100
200
I L = 200 0.6 = 120 A
J
I a = I f + I L = 1 + 120 = 121A
E a = V L + I a Ra KKJ
E a = 112.1V E a = 100 + 121 0.1
A = P k a =
PZ
wm =
2A
E n = w 60 J
2
k
a
wm = 112.1 = 70.43rd / sec k a = Z

79.58 0.02
2
500
= 79.58
2
n = 70.43 60 = 672.5 L
2
www.almohandiss.com
--
WJ {
KK F = NI
K
K
WE{F
+
Ra
+
Ia
Ea
Vt
R sr
W{
(I a = I f = I L ) I L I f I a
EF
WJ {{
E a = k a ser wm
V L = E a I a (Ra + R s )
E{F
V A.R V L = E a V A.R I a (Ra + Rs )

I a = I f = I L E{F
I f (eff .) = I f (act.) I f ( A.R )
P
www.almohandiss.com
out
=V L I L =
--
I R
L
P
00 =
losses
P
P
out
iron
+ Pcopper + Pmech.
100 =
in
out
Pout + Plosses
100
W E a = f (I f ) EF J
K
E a (res.) V L

K E a K res
E a I a (Ra + Rs )
E a KV L
E{FKV L
KEF
WV L = f (I L ) -{{
+
Ra
+
Ea
Ia
Vt
RL
R sr
W{
(Ra + Rs )
K I a (Ra + Rs )
K I a V L = E a I a (Ra + R s )
K
KE{F
www.almohandiss.com
--
V L = I L R L R L
E{FP K RL
R L K
K
Ea
Ea
Vt
I a(Ra + R sr ) + V
AR
Vt

Ia
W{
WJ {{

K
E{F
KEF
WJ {

(I a Ra )
K
www.almohandiss.com
--
E{{FE{{F
ser K
( cumulative compound machine ) sh

If
IL
Ia
Ra
R fc
If
IL
Vt
Ea
Ra
I
+ a
R fc
Rfw
Ea
R sr
Rfw
Vt
R sr
()
()
W{
(differential compound machine )

If
IL
Ia
If
Ra
R fc
R fc
Vt
Ea
Rfw
Ra
I
+ a
Ea
R sr
Rfw
IL
Vt
R sr
()
W{
www.almohandiss.com
--
()
K (V A.R ) (I a Ra )
( short shunt connection )J {{
If
IL
Ra
I
+ a
R fc
Vt
Ea
Rfw
RL
R sr
W{
E{F
K
E I R E{F =
V E I R I R E{F
R
P = I R + I R + I R E{F I = I + I E{F
R f = R fc + R fw I f
2
cu
sr
sr
( long shunt connection )J {{
E{F
K
I f = V L V L = E a I a (Ra + R sr )
www.almohandiss.com
--
Pcu = I 2f R f + I a2 (Ra + R sr ) I a = I f + I L
+
If
R fc
IL
Ia
Ra
+
Vt
Ea
Rfw
RL
R sr
W{
J {{
sh E a = k a ( sh sr )
sr
H
KJ
F sh
F sr
N f I f (eff ) = N f I f N sr I sr N f I f ( A.R ) F eff = F sh F sr F A.R

N f
N sr
F A.R
I a I L I sr
W
www.almohandiss.com
--
K I f ( A.R ) I f (eff ) = I f N sr I sr I f ( A.R )
WV L = f (I L ) J {{
KE{F
( overcompound )
( undercompound )
KK( flat compounding )
Vt
Ea,0
IFL
IL
W{
K E{F
K
www.almohandiss.com
--
Vt
Ea,0
IL
W{
WJ {{
W
476
0.015 WbL1800101.3 A
0.04 150 0.1
1827 WK
W
KKJ
J
J
J
J
www.almohandiss.com
--
A = P k a =
PZ
Z
=
2A 2
wm = 2
n
E a = k a wm KKJ
60
wm = 2 1800 = 188.5rd / sec k a = 476 = 75.75

60
2
E a = 214.2V E a = 75.75 0.015 188.5

V L = 200V V L = 214.2 101.3 (0.1 + 0.04) V L = E a I a (Ra + R sr ) J
V J
R
I = 101.3 1.3 = 100 A I = I I J
P = 200 100 = 20000W = 20Kw P = V I J
P = P + P + P J
P + P = 1827W
P = (1.3) 150 + (101.3) (0.1 + 0.04) P = I R + I (R + R )
K P = 1703W
P = 1827 + 1703 = 3530W
P
= 20000 100 = 85 =
100 J
20000 + 3530
+
P
P
If
200
= 1.3 A I f =
150
fw
out
out
losses
iron
iron
mech
cu
mech
cu
cu
sr
cu
losses
out
out
losses
50 A320
0.025 WbL900
K0.1 57 0.1
W375 W
KKJ
EFJ
EFJ
www.almohandiss.com
--
J
:
Z
J
=
k a = 320 = 50.93 A = P k a = PZ
2A
2
2
900
n
wm = 2 60 = 94.25rd / sec wm = 2 60
E a = 50.93 0.025 94.25 = 120V E a = k a wm KK
E I R J
R
I = 50 2 = 48 A I = I I WJ
V = 120 50 0.1 48 0.1 = 110.2V V = E I R I R J
P = 110.2 48 = 5290W P = V I J
P + P = 375W P = P + P + P J
I f
120 50 0.1
= 2 A I f =
57
fw
out
iron
losses
out
mech
iron
sr
mech
cu
Pcu = I 2f R f + I 2a Ra + I 2L R sr
Pcu = (2) 57 + (50) 0.1 + (48) 0.1 = 708.4W

Plosses = 375 + 708.4 = 1083.4W
2
0 0 =
5290
100 = 83 0 0 0 0 =
5290 + 1083.4
EL 1800200 V20
out
Pout + Plosses
100 J
KwF
K0.04 150 0.1
L1800 K1200
W
I ( A)
E (V )
f
0.00
0.375
0.50
0.75
0.875
1.00
1.125
1.25
1.50
1.75
33.5
67
134
160
175
190
200
214
223
www.almohandiss.com
--
200 V N sr
R fc = 10 K
I f ( A.R ) = 0.15 A
:
I a ( F .L ) = 20000 = 100 A I a (F .L ) = Pa (rated )

200
L ( rated )
(1) KKKKKKKKKK100 = I f + I L I a = I f + I L
(2) KKKKKKKKK I f
200 + 0.04 I L
16000 = 200 + 0.04 I L + 160 I L 100 =
10 + 150
+
I f = V L Rsr I L
200 + 0.04 I L
160
fc
+ R fw
+ I L (1) (2)
(1) I L = 98.7 A
K I f = 100 98.7 = 1.3 A

(3) KKKKKKKKKKKK E a (eff ) = V L + I a Ra + I L Rsr
E a (eff ) = 200 + 100 0.1 + 98.7 0.04 214V
I f (eff ) = 1.5 A E a (eff ) 214V
(4) KKKKKKKKKKK I f (eff ) = I f (act ) + N sr I L I f ( A.R ) W
+ I sr = I L
1.5 = 1.3 +
sr
1200
98.7 0.15 W N sr
www.almohandiss.com
--
N sr = 4.25
{
WJ

K
K E

(If)
(If)
W{
EF
www.almohandiss.com
--
J
J
J
EF
T e = k a I a E a = k a wm WK
K
W
E a = V t + R I a V t = E a R I a WJ
E a = V t R I a V t = E a + R I a WJ
Ra R = Ra G
K Rs R = (Ra + Rs ) G
WJ

Ra
Ia
Rfw
Ea
If
R fc
Vt
f
+
W{
www.almohandiss.com
--
K
K
If
R fc
Ra
+ Ia
Ea
Rfw
IL
Vt
W{

KV t
: -
E a = k a wm E{F
wm = 2 n rd / sec
60
V t = E a V A.R + I a Ra E{F
K V A.R
V t = (R fc + R fw )I f = R f I f E{F
I f = V t E{F
I L = I a + I f E{F
I a
Plosses = Piron + Pmech + Pcu
Pcu = I 2f R f + I a2 Ra
www.almohandiss.com
--
EF P1 = V t I L E{F
Pm = E a I a E{F
T m = Pm E{F
w
EF P = P P
T = P E{F
w
P
P
100 E{F
= P 100 =
100 = 1
P
P +P
P
K w I :
m
losses
losses
losses
( ) -
W

KK
K
K
V t T 2 = 0 n0 = f (I f ) : J
n0
nmax
If
Ifmax
W{
www.almohandiss.com
--
I a ,0 V t (I a ,0 + I f )
W
V t k a 0 wm,0 E a ,0 = k a 0 wm,0 V t = E a ,0 + I a ,0 Ra E a,0

wm,0 V t
k
a
(rd/sec)
n0 V t (r.p.m)LE{F
k
k =k
0
2
ZP 2
ZP
=
=
60 2A 60 60 A
F I f 0
E E 0 A.R F
R fc 0 I f
W
K I f
+
R fc R fw
k 3 = k 1 k 2 n0 V t LW 0 = k 2 I f
kI
3

n0 V t
kI
3
E{FK I f
f (I a ) : -
I V n =
n = V I R w = V I R
k
k
n V n = V 1 I R W
k
k V
f
n = n0 1
I R LE{F
V
a
(I a Ra ) n0
I a Ra
E{FKV t
www.almohandiss.com
--
K
K
E{F
U1
U2 < U1
Ia
I a,0
W{
T 2 = f (I a ) T m = f (I a ) WJ {{
Tm
T2
I a,0
Ia
W{
www.almohandiss.com
--
T m = k a 0 I a WEF
T m = E a ,L I a Pm = T m wm = E a ,L I a W
W 0 (I f )
T m = k a 0 (I f )I a = K I a E{F
K 0 I a
W T f EFG
Pmech EF
K
n V t Piron EF
K (P f = Pmech + Piron ) K
T f
KE T 2 T m F T 2 = T m T f W T 2
P f V t I a,0 T f
P
w
f
K I a ,0
W T 2
T 2 = T m T f
E I P + P
w
w
= E I V I
w
( )
E I I E{F
w
=
mech
iron
a ,0
a ,0
T 2 = f (I a )
KE{F I a ,0 T m = f (I a )
E{F (0 A.R )
www.almohandiss.com
--
P2 = f (I a ) WJ {{
P2
P2 = T 2 wm = V t (I a + I f )W
I a ,0 I a P2
F KE{F
KE
K
I f P2 I a
I a = I a ,0 = P2 =
= f (I a ) WJ
+
+
P P P
2
cu
KE{F
T2
P2
I FL
IL
W{
www.almohandiss.com
--
T2 = f (n ) W{{
T r
T 2
E a = k a wm
T m = k a I a I a = V t E a
R
K T = T T = T T
a
T2

U2 < U1
W{
T 2 n I a
I a n = f (T 2 )
W

W T m = k a I a I a = V t k a wm wm = V t I a Ra

W T m = k a V t k a wm
w = 2 n rd / sec T = T T w = V R T
60
k (k a )
n = k k T E{FW
m
www.almohandiss.com
--
k 4 = 60 V t + Ra T f W k 5 k 4 L n
2
V t
60 R a
(k a )
V t n = k 4 k 5T 2
E{FK
n = f (T 2 )
K
KE{F
W -

wm = V t
R
T E{F
(k a )
V J {{
a
K R fc J {{
KJ {{
n0 I f
P2 I a
K
www.almohandiss.com
--
WJ {

KK
: -

KEF
K
: -
V
R
KE w = V R T F
k (k a )
E = k w
E
T = k I I = V
R
T T = T T
I f
res
res
K
WJ {
63 A W
0.12 120 V
KK0.02 Wb
www.almohandiss.com
--
WJ
I f 1 J {
I a1 J {
E a1 J {
n1 J {
T J {
% R fc = 8 J
I f 2 J {
I a 2 J {
E a 2 J {
n2 J {
:
WJ
f1
V
R
t
fw
120
= 3 J
40
I a1 = I L1 I f 1 = 63 60 = 60 J {
E a1 = V t I a1 Ra = 120 60 0.12 = 112.8V J {
A = P k a =
wm1 = E a1
338
ZP
Z
=
=
= 53.79 J
2A 2
2
112.8
= 104.85rd / sec
53.79 0.02
=
1
m1
60
104.85 60
= 1000 L
2
%J
I f2 =
R fc + R fw
120
= 2.5 J
8 + 40
k 2 = k a I f 1 T 1 = k a I a = k 2 I f 1 I a1 = k 1 I f 1 J {
www.almohandiss.com
--
T 2 = %=0.6 T 2 = I f 2 I a 2 T 2 = k 2 I f 2 I a 2
T I I
T
I = I T I = 60 0.6 3 = 43.2
2 .5
T I
E = V I R = 120 43.2 0.12 = 114.8V J {
k = k k 2 E = k w = k I n J {
60
E = I n E = k I n
E I n
1
a2
f1
f2
f1
a1
a2
a1
a2
a2
m2
a2
f2
a1
f1
f2
a1
f1
W
n2 = n1 E a 2 I f 1 = 1000 114.8 3 1220 L
112.8 2.5
a1
f2
(12 Kw , 100 V , 1000 r.p.m)

W
K80 0.1 K 100 V
K6 A L
WL
I ( A)
E (V )
f
0 0.2
8.5
31.4
0.4 0.6
65
77.1
0.83
0.86
0.99 1.2
1.32 1.4
93.5
94.4
99.4 108.5
110 114.2
E R fc FJ
L EFJ
EFJ
WEF
FJ {
KE
5% J {
www.almohandiss.com
--
150%
J
J {
I f ( A.R ) = 0.16 J {
:
I a,o = 6 ENo-Load FJ
E a ,0 = V t I a ,0 Ra = 100 6 0.1 = 99.4V W

L E a ,0 = 99.4V KK
K I f
= 0.99
R f = R fc + R fw = V t = 100 = 101
0.99
R fc = 101 R fw = 101 80 = 21 W
WEFJ
Pmech + Piron = E a ,0 I a ,0 = 99.4 6 = 596.4W
WEFull-LoadWF J
I a = I a rated = Pa rated
12000
= 120
100
V
= J {
E = 99.4V W
t rated
F .L
a ,0
E a F .L = V t I a F .L Ra = 100 120 0.1 = 88V W
wm,0 = 2 1000 = 104.72rd / sec E a F .L = k a F .L wm,F .L = wm, F .L

60
kw
a,0
m,0
m,0
wm,F .L = wm,0 E a F .L = 104.72
a,0
88
= 92.71rd / sec
99.4
W
T m = k a F .L I a F .L = E a F .L
n
I
F .L
a F .L
m, F .L
www.almohandiss.com
--
60 wm , F . L
2
60 92.71
= 885.31r. p.m
2
88 120
= 113.9 N .m
92.71
T f T 2 = T m T f W
Tf
mech
+ Piron
m, F .L
596.4
= 6.43N .m
92.71
T 2 = 113.9 6.43 = 107.47 N .m

P2 = E a F .L I a F .L (Pmech + Piron ) = 88 120 596.4 = 9963.6W W
P2 = T 2 wm, F .L = 107.47 92.47 = 9963.6W W
WEF
P1 = V t I L = V t (I a F .L + I f ) = 100(120 + 0.99) = 12099W
P 100 = 9963.6 100 = 82.35 W

12099
P
= 1 = 0.95 = 0.95 J {
0.95
w = w E = 104.72 88 1 = 97.59rd / sec
99.4 0.95
E
60
n = w = 60 97.59 = 931.91r. p.m W
2
2
F .L
F .L
F .L
m,F .L
a F .L
a,0
F .L
m,0
F .L
F .L

T m = E a F .L I a F .L = 88 120 = 108.2 N .m W
97.59
m,F .L
T 2 = T m T f W
EF T f = 596.4 = 6.11N .m W
97.59
T 2 = 108.2 6.11 = 102.09 N .m
= P2 100 0 0 = 9963.6 100 0 0 = 82.35 0 0 W
12099
I a F .L 150%J
WJ {
K
k a F .L = k a 0 = 0.949V / rad / sec E a ,0 = 99.4 = k a 0 wm,0 = k a 0 104.72

I a start = 1.5 I a F .L = 1.5 120 = 180 W
www.almohandiss.com
--
T m start = k a F .L I a start = 0.949 180 = 170.82 N .m W

WJ {
I a start = 180 W I f (act ) = 0.99 W
I f ( A.R ) = 0.16 W
I f (eff ) = I f (act ) I f ( A.R ) = 0.99 0.16 = 0.83 W
W0.83 A
L E a (eff ) = 93.5V (= k a wm )
k a = 93.5 = 0.893V / rad / sec

104.72
T m start = k a I a start = 0.893 180 = 160.71N .m W

-
WJ {
K Rae
+
Ra
+
Ia
Vt
Ea
R sr
I L I f I a
E I a = I f = I L F
KEF

KE F
www.almohandiss.com
--
J {
T m = k a I a E a = k a wm
K
KV t = E a + I a (Ra + R sr + Rae ) E{F
k a = k sr I a W
E I a F
)
( +
+
K wm = V t I a Ra Rsr Rae
k a = k sr I a T m = k a I a
W
K k sr T m = k sr I 2a E{F
T f T 2 = T m T f W
K I a ,0 T f
www.almohandiss.com
--
mech
+ Piron
V I
w
t
a,0
WJ {
V t n = f (I a ) J {{
k 1 =
Ia
W{
)
( +
ZP
n = V t I a Ra R sr L
60 A
k1
I a
E = k 2 I a F
K k 3 = V t n = V t = k 3 E{F
kk
1
K n = k 3
K
n = f (I a ) {

EF K
K
K
T 2 = f (I a ) T m = f (I a ) -
www.almohandiss.com
--
Tm
T2

Tm
Tm
T2
Ia
W{

(parabola F T m = k sr I a2 W
T m k 5 I a
k 5 = k a
KE{F
K
T 2
K T 2 = T m T f W T f
K
K{ T 2 = f (I a )K T f
P2 = f (I a ) : -
P2 = 2nT 2 W
= V t I L Pcu Pmech Piron
= V t I L
www.almohandiss.com
--
P2
K{
I a = I a ,0 = P2 =
= f (I a )WJ
P2 + Pcu + P f
{{
KE{F
KE{F
n0
n max
Vt I a
P2
T2
n
0
Ia
I a,0
I aFL
W{
www.almohandiss.com
--
n = f (T 2 ) WJ
{{
n
n0
n max
T2
W{
K
E a = k sr I a wm E a = V t I a (Ra + Rae + Rsr ) W
T =
V I (R + R + R )
=
w
T k I
k
k I
k
+
+R
R R
W
w = V
k
k T
W n T
+
+R
V
LE{F
n=
R R
2
2
60 k T
60 k
I a = T m
sr
sr
sr
sr
ae
ae
sr
sr
sr
sr
sr
ae
sr
sr
Rae
T 2 T 2
E{F
www.almohandiss.com
--
KK
J {
W
EV t F R1 {{
W n ' n I a K
n' V t I a (Ra + R sr + R1)

=
n
V t I a (Ra + Rsr )
T m = k sr I a2 J
'
)J
P'2 = 2n'T m (P'mech + Piron
R1 J
J
EFV t J {{
I a
T m J
n ' n V t' V t J
)
( +
n' = V t I a Ra R sr W
n V t I a (R a + R sr )
'
P1 J
P2 J
P2 V t J
n T m
K KV t
www.almohandiss.com
--
EV t FJ {{
I 'a Rsr Rh
K = 0 Rh I a
sr
+ Rh
'
EF n' = ' I a I a
n
Ia
T
T
'
m
m
=
'
T 2 (n' n )
J {
J {
WJ {
W
K60 AK500 V
0.10.15
K0.0255 Wb
www.almohandiss.com
--
WJ
E a1 J {
n1 J {
T m1 J {
60% J
W
I a 2 J {
E a 2 J {
n2 J {
W
WJ
I a = I f = I L W
E a1 = V t I a1 (Ra + Rsr ) = 500 60 (0.1 + 0.15) = 485V WKKJ {
k a =
ZP 400 2
=
= 63.66 WJ
2A 2 2
EFA=2
485
wm1 = E a1 =
= 298.77rad / sec W
63.66 0.0255
n1 =
60 wm1
2
60 298.77
= 2853r. p.m W
2
T m1 = k a I a1 = 63.66 0.0255 60 = 97.4 N .m WJ {
I a 2 = I a1 T m 2
= 60 0.6 = 46.47
m1
T
T
m2
m1
k I
k I
sr
a2
2
sr
a1
I a2 T

I a1 T
m2
m1
= 0.6 J
W I a2 J {
E a 2 = V t I a 2 (Ra + R sr ) = 500 46.47 (0.1 + 0.15) = 488.4V WKKJ {
n2 = n1 E a 2 I a1 = 2853 488.4 60 = 3710r. p.m WJ {

485 46.47
E a1 I a 2
WJ
220 VL 25 A
www.almohandiss.com
--
KK ( Rae = 0)
K0.4 0.6
K
E a J
P2 J
T 2 J
K (Rae ) L J
W
J {
K (Rae ) J {
W
E a = V t I a (Ra + R sr + Rae ) = 220 25(0.6 + 0.4 + 0)195V KKJ

WJ
P = E I (P + P ) = 195 25 0 = 4875W
T = P = 4875 = 155.18 N .m WJ
w 2 300
2
mech
iron
60
K (Rae ) LJ
T f = 0 T 2 = T m = k sr I 2a WJ {
k sr = 0.248 155.18 = k sr 252
2
C T 2 200 rpm = C (200) W
=C
2 300 rpm
(300)
2
WL200
2
T 2 200rpm = T 2 300rpm
200
300
200
= 155.18
300
= 68.97 N .m
WJ {
P2 = T 2 wm = 68.97 2 200 = 1445.5W
60
www.almohandiss.com
--
W (Rae ) J {
W
wm =
k T
sr
200
=
60
t
m
220
R +R
k
a
ae
+ R sr
sr
0.6 + 0.4 + Rae
0.248
0.248 68.97
1 + Rae
20.94 = 53.19
0.248
1 + Rae
= 53.19 20.94 = 32.25
0.248
1 + Rae = 0.248 32.25 8
Rae = 7
W
T 2 = T m = k sr I 2a WL
68.97 = 0.248 I 2a
68.97
= 16.68
0.248
200
E a = k sr I a wm = 0.248 16.68 2 60 = 86.64V WKK
Ia =
E a = V t I a (Ra + R sr + Rae )
86.64 = 220 16.68(0.6 + 0.4 + Rae )
16.68(1 + Rae ) = 220 86.64 = 133.36
1 + Rae =
133.36
= 8
16.68
Rae = 7
www.almohandiss.com
--
-
WJ {K
EF

EF
K
K{{
net J
KE{F f sr
J
KE{F
If
Ra
I
+ a
R fc
Rfw
If
+
Ea
R sr
Rfw
Vt
R sr
IL
Ia
Ra
R fc
Vt
Ea
EFW{
If
R fc
Rfw
IL
Ia
Ra
Vt
IL
Rfw
EFW{
--
R sr
Vt
www.almohandiss.com
Ra
+ Ia
Ea
R sr
If
R fc
+
Ea
IL
W -
J {{
E = k w
V = E + I (R + R )
R = R + R I = V V = V = I R
R
net
sr
fc
fw
{{
E = k w
V =E +I R +I R
V = I R = E + I R =V I R
net
sr
sr
W
IL = Ia + I f
A.R net = f sr A.R

T 2 = T m T f T m = k a net I a
F net = F f F sr F A.R
I f (act ) I f (eff ) = I f (act ) N sr I sr I f ( A.R )
N
I = I I
sr
sr
I
a
J H
f net
net = f + sr sr
K
V t n = f (I a ) {{J
EV t F I f net
I a n0 n = f (I a )
www.almohandiss.com
--
E{F
n
n0
I aFL
Ia
W{
T 2 = f (I a ) T m = f (I a ) -
T2
I aFL
I a,0
Ia
W{
T 2 = f (I a ) T m = f (I a )
E{F
www.almohandiss.com
--
W = f (I a ) P2 = f (I a ) -
EF
n = f (T 2 ) : -
n
n0
T2FL T2
W{

FE
KE
KEF
K
WJ {
Rh R H
www.almohandiss.com
--
WJ {

K
WJ {
f sr
K net
K
KE{{ F

KK
E{F
n max
n0
Ia
I aFL
W{
www.almohandiss.com
--
n max
n0
0
T2FL
T2
W{
Tm
T2
Ia
I aFL
W{
www.almohandiss.com
--
WJ {
K6 AL
KK120
K xJ
KL EF
J
K
I f (act ) = 0.99 W{{J

L E a (eff ) = V t I a Ra = 100 120 0.1 = 88V W
E{{F E a (eff ) I f (eff )

L E a (eff ) =
E f (eff ) = 94.4V
88
1000 = 94.4V
932
WL E a (eff )
I f (eff )
I f (eff ) = 0.86 WL
I f ( A.R ) = I f (act ) I f (eff ) = 0.99 0.86 = 0.13 W
N f I f ( A.R ) = 1200 0.13 = 156t / pole W

LL E a (eff ) = 88V J
L E a (eff ) =
88
1000 = 110V
800
I f (eff ) = 1.32 E f (eff ) = 110V
I f (eff ) = I f (act ) + N sr I L I f ( A.R ) W
N f N sr I L =
I +I
a
f ( act )
I f (eff ) = I f (act ) + N sr (I a F .L + I f (act )) I f ( A.R )
www.almohandiss.com
--
1.32 = 0.99 +
120.99 N sr
1200
N (120 + 0.99) 0.13

sr
1200
= 1.32 + 0.13 0.99 = 0.46
N sr = 1200 0.46 = 4.56 L

120.99
WJ
I f (eff ) = I f (act ) N sr (I a F .L + I f (act )) I f ( A.R ) W
= 0.99
4.56
(120 + 0.99) 0.13
1200
= 0.4 A
W0.4 AL
EF E a = 88V E a = 65V
W n
65 = k 1000
88 = kn
n = 88 1000 = 1353.9rpm
65
www.almohandiss.com
--
WJ

I a start
K I a F .L
K I a = V t E a W

K (E a = k a wm )
I a start = V t W
Rae J
K I a start =
Ra + Rae
K (V t ) J
W T m start = k a I a start WG
KE I a F .L {{F I a F .L I a start J
K (R fc = 0) J
K
E a KK Rae G
I a = V t E a W I a
+
R R
a
ae
www.almohandiss.com
--
WG
Ia
Ra
+
R fw
If
Ea
If
-
()
+
Vt
Ea
Ra
Ia
Rfw
Vt
Rae
-
()
EFW{
EF
R4
R3
R2
3
R1
Ia
5
Ra
F If
Ea
off
+
-
Vt
()
EF{
E{F
www.almohandiss.com
--
K I a min I a max
R4 R3 R2 R1
K
K I f K
W *
K100 VE100 V10 KwF

. 0.1
K I a start -
(Rae ) J
K
KJ
200%
K
W
W (Rae = 0) J
I a start = V t
100
= 1000
0 .1
I a F .L = Pa F .L = 10000 = 100 W
100
I a start = 10 I a F .L
W I a start = 2 I a F .L = 2 100 = 200 Rae J
I a start =
200 =
Ra + Rae
100
0.1 + R ae
Rae = 0.4
www.almohandiss.com
--
Rae3 Rae2 Rae1 J

K
R1
R2
R3 4 Ra
Rae3
3
Rae2
Rae1
W{
K100 A
K I a
Ia
200A
100A
t1
t3
t2
Rae1
Rae2
t4
Rae3
W{
K Rae1 = 0.4
(E a = k a wm ) KK
E E a = E +a F t + t
(Ra + Rae ) E a V t V t = E a + I a (Ra + Rae )W
WEF t = t 2 J
www.almohandiss.com
--
Rae1 = 0.4 E a 2 = ? I a = 100

E a 2 = V t I a (Ra + Rae1) = 100 100(0.1 + .4) = 50V
WEF t = t +2 J
Rae 2 = ? E +a 2 = 50V I a = 200

+
I = V E
R +R
WEF t = t J
R = 0.15 E = ? I = 100
E = V I (R + R ) = 100 100(0.1 + 0.15) = 75V
WEF t = t J
R = ? E = 75V I = 200
R = 0.025 200 = 100 75 I = V E

0 .1 + R
R +R
WEF t = t J
R = 0.025 E = ? I = 100
E = V I (R + R ) = 100 100(0.1 + 0.025) = 87.5V
WEF t = t J
R = ? E = 87.5V I = 200
R = 0.0375 200 = 100 87.5 I = V E

0. 1 + R
R +R
F t = t K R = 0 R
100 50
Rae 2 = 0.15 200 = 0.1 +
Rae2
a2
ae 2
ae 2
a3
a3
ae 2
ae 3
a3
a3
ae 3
ae 3
ae 3
ae 3
a4
a4
ae 3
+
4
ae 4
a4
a4
ae 4
ae 4
ae 4
ae 4
ae 4
K200 AE
K I a = 100 87.5 = 125 W t = t 4 I a

0.1
W
R1 = Rae1 Rae 2 = 0.4 0.15 = 0.25
R =R
R =R
2
ae 2
ae 3
Rae3 = 0.15 0.025 = 0.125
Rae 4 = 0.025 0 = 0.025
W Rae = 0.4
R1 + R2 + R3 = 0.25 + 0.125 + 0.025 = 0.4
www.almohandiss.com
--
{
J {{
2 103 m2 J {{{
K5.1 cm
H = 110 A t / m J
r4x10-4 WbJ
K 0 = 4X 107 H / m
r = 1440 = 1.81 103 H / m EF I = 0.044 A EFW
40 J
K 12 cm cm
2
K 0 = 4X 107 H / m
WJ
Rc J {
0.5 T I 1 J {
0.05 cm 2J
Rmtotal J {
K I 2 J {
Rm tot = R g + Rc 2 = 382232 A t / Wb E{F I 1 = 0.1A E{F Rc1 = 66300 A t / Wb E{FW
I 2 = 0.6 A E{F

W J
4L1500120 VWJ
4L1500240 VWJ
5 A4 V
W ECF
J
www.almohandiss.com
--
WWEFW
WWEF
2.4 KwW2.4 KwWEF
(12 Kw , 100 V , 1000 r.p.mFJ
K I f rated = 1 K800.1
KL
I ( A)
E (V )
f
0 0.2
8.5
31.4
WL
0.4 0.6
0.83
0.86
65
93.5
94.4
77.1
0.94
1.2
1.32
98 108.5
1.4
110 112
KV t J
W I f ( A.R ) = 0.06 J
V t {J
V t = 100V I f (act ) {J
1.46 AE{F86 VE{F88 VEFW
0.2EL1200120 A6 KwF -
K1500 R fc 100
K120 V
I ( A)
E (V )
f
WL 1200
0.00
0.
0.
0.
5.0
K E a min E a max 1J
W120V (R fc ) 2J
R 2.1fc
WEF 2.2 2.2.1-
I f ( A.R ) = 0.1 2.2.2J

www.almohandiss.com
--
fc
= 20 () .
E
t
a min
= 89.3V
= 97V ()
E = 125V () W
V = 110V ()
a max
720101.8 AJ
K0.02 WbL1000
K126.5 0.12
W877 W
1J
2J
3J
4J
EF5J
6J
7J
= 100 ()
= 1.8 ()
0 0 = 90 0 0 ()
V = 227.8V () E = 240V
P = 1654W () P = 22780V
a
cu
()W
()
0.3 J
K300
K450 V105 A
K0.025 WbL690
J
J
3J
J
www.almohandiss.com
--
a A. R
= 1.5 A ()
= 35V ()
P
E
= 47.25Kw ()
a F .L
= 482V ()
a ,0
= 517V EF W
= 106.5 A ()
0.2 ( 1000 rpm 250 V 10 Kw )

-
K E a ,0 = V t rated K133
I ( A)
E (V )
f
WL
0.
0.
0.
L E a = f (I f ) 1 J
E a max J
EV t F .L = 250V F (R fc ) J
R fc (critical ) R f (critical ) J
R fc = 23.25 EF E a max = 262V EF E a ,0 = 10V EFW
fc (crit )
= 267
f (crit )
= 400 ()
0.02 WbL900194.9 A
K 0.03 55 0.05
W3200 W
KK1J
2J
3J
4J
5J
6J
7J
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--
= 190.4 A ()
= 4 A ()
% = 85.5% ()
losses
= 220V () E a = 235.6V EF W
= 7.12 Kw ()
= 42 Kw ()
0.021 WbL60 A
K 0.04 250 0.06

W 4.5 Kw
KK1J
2J
3J
4J
5J
6J
7J
= 1002.16V ()
= 55.98 A ()
% = 86.3% ()
losses
= 4.02 A ()
= 8875W ()
E = 1008V
P = 56.1Kw
a
()W
()
EL1000100 V12 KwF -
K0.01 80 0.1
L1000K1200
I ( A)
E (V )
f
0.00
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.00
1.2
1.4
35
60
80
90
100
105
110
W
1.45
1.5
113.2
120
100 V N sr
R fc = 20 K
I f A.R = 0.06 A
N sr = 5.04turns / pole W
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--

L0.25 E440 VFJ
W60 A
= 324.7 N .m EF E a = 425V
EFW
10 AJ
K0.02 Wb
T m = 18.3N .m W
60 A-
0.5 K550 V
K0.032 WbK220
J
{J
{J
{J
{J
{J
60% 55 J
W
{J
{J
{J
{J
n1 = 488.6rpm E{F E a1 = 521.25V E{F I a1 = 57.5 A E{F I f 1 = 2.5 A E{FW
E a 2 = 532.5V E{F I a 2 = 35.9 A E{F I f 2 = 2 A E{F
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--
m1
= 585.7 N .m E{F
n2 = 624.4rpm E{F
111.9 Kw13J
550 V L
W275 0.1 91%

J
I a = 221.6 A I L = 223.6 A I f = 2 A EF P1 = 122967W EFW

T m = 1163.3N .m T 2 = 1113N .m EF Pmech + Piron = 5056W EF
14J
K52 A220V
K0.10.2
K0.018 Wb
WJ
{J
{J
{J
W60%J
{J
{J
{J
T m1 = 187.7 N .m E{F n1 = 540.8rpm E{F E a = 204.4V E{FW

n2 = 709.7rpm E{F E a = 207.9V E{F I a 2 = 40.3 A E{F
54 A 15J
230 V L
KK (Rae = 0)
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--
K0.05
0.15
KLJ
{J
{J
K (Rae ) {J
T 500 = 226 N .m EF P2 500 = 11836.8W EF E a = 219.2V EFW
Rae = 4.46 E{F P2 300 = 2556W E{F T 300 = 81.36 N .m E{F
40 AL J
K0.1 0.25 K230 V
WEF
J
F20 AJ
T m 40 = 68.75 N .m EF Pm 40 = 8640W EF E a 40 = 216V EFW
T m 20 = 17.19 N .m E{F Pm 20 = 4460W E{F E a 20 = 223V E{F
K250 V E250 V87.5 KwFJ
K0.05
(Rae = 0) I a start J
(Rae ) J K
K
www.almohandiss.com
--
KJ
200%
R3 = 0.0392 R2 = 0.0893 R1 = 0.1785 EF Rae = 0.307 EF I a start = 5000 A EFW
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--
TRANSFORMERS
W
E F
:J
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- -
TRANSFORMER CONSTRUCTION
KEJ F
W
KEJ F
EJ F
KK
www.almohandiss.com
- -
COREJ J
G K

K
{
K
W
EJ F
K
KK
KEJ F
KEJ F
EJ F
KE J F
KEF
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- -
EF
KEF
K
Windings J J
K E J F
EFEJ F
K
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- -
KEJ F
KE J F
EJ F
EJ F
EJ F
Single- Phase TransformersJ
E J F
www.almohandiss.com
- -
EJ F
K
K
S
K
S = V1 I 1 V2 I 2
W
EF
KE
F
EKKK
WK
V =
d
dt
EF
W N
V = N ddt EF
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- -
J E
KE
WEJ F
V = N ddt EF
K
V = 4.44
f N m
EJ F
m f rms ) , FV
K
KJ
WEJ F
d
dt
d
dt
v1 N 1
=
=a
v2 N 2
EF
EJ F
= N2
= N1
EJ F
K a
VV
1
2
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WrmsEJ F
=
N1
=a
N2
EJ F
- -
The Ideal TransformerJ
EJ FKEF
I1
V1
v1
N1
N2
v2
V2
EJ F
1
d
dt
d
v2 = N 2
dt
I2
EJ F
= N1
EJ F
W v 2 EJ FEJ F
= v1
N2
N1
EJ F
v 2 = V2
= V1
www.almohandiss.com
= I1
N1
N2
EJ F
EJ F
- -
EJ F
V1
I1
V
Z2 = 2
I2
Z1 =
= V1
EJ F
N2
N1
Z 2 Z1
K
WEJ FEJ F

N
Z 1 = Z 2 1
N2
EJ F
KEJ FEJ FEJ FW
KEJ F
I
I
2
V1
N1
V2
N2
EJ F
EJ FKVA-480-120 vWJ
Kv
5KVA , 480-120 V
I1
I2
V = 120
V1
Load
EJ F
www.almohandiss.com
- -
E I 2 F
I2 =
S
V
5000
= 41.67 A
120
N 1 V1 480
=
=
=4
N 2 V2 120
WJ
I1 =
1
(41.67) = 10.42 A
4
K480V
WJ
60Hz 240 /120V

6 m wb
WJ
N1 =
V1
240V
=
= 180
4.44 f m (4.44)(60 Hz )(5 10 3 )
N2 =
N 2
V2
120V
=
= 90
4.44 f m (4.44)(60 Hz )(5 10 3 )

N 1 180
=
= 90
a
2
V
240
= 2
a= 1 =
V2 120
N2 =
ZLEJ F
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- -

I2
I1
()
V1
V2
N1
I1
()
ZL
N2
I2
Z'L
V1
N1
N2
ZLEJ F
ZL EPhasorsF
ZL =
V2
I2
EJ F
WEFJ

Z' =
L
V1
I1
V1 = aV2
www.almohandiss.com
EJ F
EJ F
- -
I1 = I 2 EJ F
a
EJ FEJ FEJ F
Z' =
L
V1 aV2
V
=
= a2 2
I1 I 2 a
I2
EJ F
Z L = a Z L = N1 Z L EJ
N2
'
KEJ F
Z'L
V1
Z L' = a 2 Z L
EJ F
W
Z N
Z = 21 = 2 Z1 EJ
a
N1
'
1
WJ
24000/240 v , 250 KVA , 60 HzW
K a EF J
K
I1
K J
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- -
a=
N 1 V1 2400
=
=
= 10
N 2 V2
240
WK
S = V1 I1 = V2 I 2
S 250000
I2 =
=
= 1041.67 A
V2
240
WK
I1 =
I 2 1041.67
=
= 104.167 A
a
10
I1 =
S 250000
=
= 104.167 A
V1
2400
WK
ZL =
240V
V2
=
= 0.2304
I 2 1041.67 A
N
Z = 1 Z L = a 2 Z L = 10 2 0.2304 = 23.04
N2
'
L
The Real Transformer (F
K
EJ F
K R2
R1
K L L
2
K m
KEJ F
K X L 2 X L
1
www.almohandiss.com
- -
R2 I1
+
V1
I2
l1
R2
+
v2
l2
()
R1
X l1
X l2
R2
+
N1
V1
V2
N2
()
EJ F
W I1 EJ F
I 1 = I 2' + I e EJ
I 2' =
N2
I
I2 = 2
N1
a
EJ F
I m V1 I C W I e
I m I C m
EJ F I m I C K
E F RC
KEF X m
www.almohandiss.com
- -
I1 R1 + j X l1
R1 + j X l1
I'2
Ie
Ic
V1
E1
E2
V2
Im
X l1
R1
N2
N1
I2
EJ F
EJ F
EJ F
I1
V1
I 2' =
a 2 R2 + ja 2 X 2
R1 + j X 1
Ie
Ic
Im
Rc
Xm
I2
a
E1 = aE2 = E2'
V2' = aV2
Z L' = a 2 Z L
EJ F
V2' = aV2
E2' = aE2
I 2' = I 2
a
R2 + ja 2 X 2

KEJ F
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- -
I1
R1
a2
X1
a2
V1' =
aI e
V1
a
I 2' =
R2 + jX 2
aI C
aI m
Rc
a2
Xm
a2
E2 =
I2
a
E1
a
V2
ZL
EJ F E
V1' = V1
a
R1
X1
2 + j 2
a
a
I1' = aI1
aI e = aI C + aI m
(The Equivalent Circuit of A Real Transformer )J
EJ FEJ F
EJ F
I e
I e KE R1 + jX 1 F
EJ F
KEJ F
www.almohandiss.com
- -
R1 + jX 1
I1
E1 = aE2
aV2
Im
RC
V1
Xm
Req1 = R1 + a 2 R2
I1
I2
a
X eq1 = X 1 + a 2 X 2
Ie
IC
Im
RC
V1
()
I2
a
Ie
IC
()
a 2 R2 + ja 2 X 2
Xm
aV2
()
V1
aV2
I2
a
Z eq1 = jX eq1
I1
()
I2
a
Z eq1 = Req1 + jX eq1
I1
V1
aV2
EJ F
WEJ F
Z eq = Req + jX eq EJ
1
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- -
Req1 = R1 + a 2 R2 EJ
X eq1 = X 1 + a 2 X 2 EJ
Z eq = Req + jX eq
Req2 =
WEJ F
EJ F
R1
+ R2 EJ
a2
X
= 21 + X 2 EJ
a
X eq2
F
F
I e
KEJ FEJ F
X eq Req
EJ FEJ F Req X eq
W
Z eq = jX eq
1
EJ F
Z eq = jX eq
2
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EJ F
- -
R1
X
+ j 21
a2
a
aI1
R2 +
I2
aI e
V1
a
jX 2
aI C
aI m
RC
a2
Xm
a2
E2 =
E1
a
V2
Req1 =
aI1
R1
+ R2
a2
X1
+ X2
a2
I2
aI e
V1
a
X eq1 =
aI C
aI m
RC
a2
Xm
a2
V2
aI1
Z eq2 = Req2 + jX eq2
I2
V1
a
V2
aI1
Z eq2 = jX eq2
I2
V1
a
V2
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- -
EJ F E
KK
The Open-Circuit Test J J
Ye (
1
)
Re jX m
EF
KEJ F
pOC
I OC
A
W
V1 = VOC
.
Ie
Ic
VOC
Im
RC
Xm
EJ F
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- -
cos OC = PFOC =
POC
VOC I OC
EJ F
W
PFOC
OC
Ye = YOC =
I OC
1
1
OC =
j
VOC
RC
Xm
EJ F
Ye
1
GC
1
Xm =
Bm
RC =
EJ F
EJ F
W
GC GOC = POC2 EJ F
VOC
2 12
Bm BOC = (YOC2 GOC
) EJ F
The Short Circuit Test J J
KEJ F
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- -

pSC
I SC
A
VSC

Close Circuit
.
Req2 +
I SC
jX eq2
VSC
EJ F
VSC
EJ F
I SC
P
PFSC = SC EJ F
VSC I SC
Z SC = Z eq1 =
Z eq1 =
Req1 = R1 + a 2 R2 EJ
VSC
SC = Req1 + jX eq1 EJ
I SC
X eq1 = X 1 + a 2 X 2 EJ
Req1 RSC =
PSC
2
I SC
F
W
EJ F
X eq1 X SC = (Z eq2 Req2 )
www.almohandiss.com
12
EJ F
- -
R1 = a 2 R2 =
X1 = a2 X 2 =
Req1
2
X eq1
2
EJ F
EJ F
WJ
(O.C.T)K15 KVA , 7500/480V- 60 Hz

W(S.C.T)
Voltmeter
Ammeter
Wattmeter
VOC = 7500V
VSC = 366V
I OC = 0.2006 A
I SC = 2 A
POC = 180W
PSC = 300W
PFOC = cos OC =
POC
180
=
= 0.1196
VOC I OC 7500 0.2006
WJ
I OC
cos 1 PFOC
VOC
0.2006
Ye =
cos 1 (0.1196)
7500
= 0.0000267 38.129
S
Ye = YOC =
= 0.0000032 j 0.0000265
1
1
j
RC
Xm
W
www.almohandiss.com
- -
1
= 312500 312.5k
0.0000032
1
Xm =
= 37735.85 37.736k
0.0000265
RC =
PFSC = cos sc =
PSC
VSC I SC
300
= 0.41
366 2
WEJ F
Z eq1 = Z SC =
VSC
cos 1 PF
I SC
366
cos 1 0.41 = 18365.81
2
= 75 + j166.93
Transformer Efficiency
Pout
Pin + Ploss
Pout
Pin
EJ F
W
Pout
Pin
Ploss
WEJ F
=
= 1
Ploss
Pin
Pin Ploss
Pin
EJ F
Pin
Pin = Pout + Pcore + PCu EJ
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- -
Pcore
PCu
Pout = V2 I 2 cos = S out cos EJ
cos
V2 I 2 cos
V2 I 2 cos + Pcore + PCu
EJ F
W
PCu = I12 R1 + I 22 R2
= I12 Req1 EJ
= I 22 Req2 = PSC
Pcore = POC EJ F
Pcore = POC
Voltage Regulation of a TransformerJ
K
V (no load ) V2 ( full load )
100 EJ F
Voltage Re gulation = 2
V2 ( full load )
V2 (no
load ) =
V1
V1
V2 ( full load )
% Voltage Re gulation = a
100 EJ
V2 ( full load )
V1 = aV2 + I1Z eq1 EJ
V1 = aV2 + I1 Req1 + jI1 X eq1 EJ
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- -
V1
= V2 + I 2 Z eq2 EJ
a
V1
= V2 + I 2 Req2 + jI 2 X eq2 EJ
a
W
K
WJ
K100KVA ,200/240V-60Hz
W
Voltmeter
Ammeter
Wattmeter
VOC = 7500V
VSC = 250V
I OC = 0.65 A
I SC = 13.889 A
POC = 425W
PSC = 1420W
W{
K
KW
Req1
2
2
X eq1 = Z SC
RSC
VSC
250
=
= 18
I SC 13.889
P
1420
= SC =
= 7.36
I SC (13.889)2
Z eq1 =
12
= 182 7.36 2
12
= 16.43
WK
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- -
I 1=
S 100000VA
=
= 13.89 A
V1
7200V
WEJ F
PCu = I 12 Req1 = 13.89 2 7.36 = 1419.98 W
WEJ F
Pcore = POC = 425 W

W
Ploss = PCu + Pcore
= 1419.98 + 425 = 1844.98 W
W Pout EJ FK
Pout = S cos = 100 KVA 0.9 = 90kW
WEJ F
Pin = 90000 + 1844.95 = 91844.98W

WEJ F
= 1
Ploss
1844.98
= 1
= 0.9799
Pin
91844.98
WEJ FK
V1 = aV2 + I1 (Req + jX eq )
1
= 720000 + (13.89 25.840 )(7.36 + j16.43)
= 7393.191.250 V
%V Re q =
V1 aV2
100
aV2
7393.19 7200
100 = 2.68
7200
V Re q = 2.68 %
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- -
WEFJ J
EJ F
E FEF

EFJ
EFJ
K
WJ J

W
K K
K K
www.almohandiss.com
- -
K R
KK
WJ {{
KE FE F
WEJ F
EaFEJ F
EbFEJ F
EcFEJ F
EdFEJ F
www.almohandiss.com
- -
EJ F
ENFE F
www.almohandiss.com
- -
E FJ

K
J

K60KV

EJ F
KEFK
KK 30

K 30
VL L = VP P EJ
I L = 3 I P 30 EJ
K L P

www.almohandiss.com
- -
30
I L = I P E J
VL L = 3 VL N 30 EJ
W
P =
Q =
S =
3 VL L I L cos
3 VL L I L sin
3 VL L I L*
VL L (rms)
I L (rms)

I L Is the conjugate of I L*
J J
WEF
K 120 V 5KVA , 240-120 V

WEF
2.4 KV13.8 KV
K100 KVA
K J
K J
K J
K J
WEF
60Hz 75KVA ,2400/240

Z eq = 0.009318 + j 0.058462
W
1
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- -
0.85
KK0.85
J
J
W500KVA , 2300-208 V , 60 Hz
Voltmeter
Ammeter
Wattmeter
208 V
95 V
85 A
1800 W
217.4 A
8200 W
K J
J
K208V 0.8
K J
WEF
60Hz 75KVA ,2400/240

Z eq = 0.009318 + j 0.058462
W
1
0.85
K0.85
J
J
WEF
K15 MVA 138/13.8 KV
WEF
J
J J
www.almohandiss.com
- -
EF
Three Phase Induction Motors
J {
WJ {
KEF

KEJ F
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- -
EJ J F
K
EJ F
EJ F
J
Rotating Magnetic Field
J {
?Three Phase Supply?
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- -
K
J W
1 = m cos t
2 = m cos(t 120 )
3 = m cos(t 240)
J W
t = m cos t cos
+ m cos(t 120) cos( 120)
+ m cos(t + 120) cos( + 120)

cos A cos B =
1
1
cos( A B ) + cos( A + B )
2
2
3
2
t = m cos(t )
www.almohandiss.com
t = 0
- -
t =
t
K t
nS
KSynchronous Speed
W
n
f = P 60
s
c/s
EJ FW
n S
ns =
60 f
P
rpm
EJ F
??
AT = 1.35
T ph
P
I ph K w
Amper )turn / pole EJ
KEJ F
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- -
J WJ {
??J
KL nS
m
K
E1 EJ FKK
W
E1 = 4.44 f1 m N 1
Volts EJ
f1
N1
E 20 KK
E 20 = 4.44 f 1 m N 2
Volts EJ
N 2
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- -
I 20 =
E 20
=
Z 20
E 20
R22 + X 202
EJ F
EJ FEJ F

E1
N
= 1
E 20 N 2
EJ F
WJ

K?Slip Speed ? n
Slip speed = n s n EJ
?Slip ?S
S = n s n
ns
S % = ns n 100 EJ F
ns
K
KK
E 2 KK
E 2 = 4.44 f 2 m N 2
www.almohandiss.com
EJ F

f 2 ns n
=
= S EJ
f1
ns
f 2 = Sf 1 EJ
- -
WKK
n n
E2
= s
= S EJ
E 20
ns
E 2 = SE 20
EJ F

KK
{{F
KE{
KEJ F
KEFEJ F
W
KK
KK
K S
EJ F
EJ F
www.almohandiss.com
- -
J WJ
S n
E 2 = SE 20
KK

I 2 0 EJ F
KEJ F
S
EJ F
EJ F
W
I 21 N 2
=
EJ
I 2 N1
E1
N
= 1 EJ
E 20 N 2
I 1 = I 21 + I o EJ
I = I o cos o EJ
I o = I + I m EJ
I = I o sin o EJ
X o Ro
a =
N1
N2
Ro =
V1
Im
EJ F
Xo = Xm =
V1
Im
EJ F
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- -
R21 = R2 .a 2 EJ
1
EJ
a
1
E 20
= E1 EJ
X 21 = X 2 .a 2 EJ
I 21 = I 2 .
R2 R2
S
S
R21 R21
=
+ R21 R21
S
S
= R21 + R21 1 1
S
1
R2
1 S
= R21 + R21
EJ F
S
S
( -)

1
E1 = E 20
I 21 =
(R / s ) + (X )
1
2
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- -
1 2
2
EJ F
I 1 = I 21 + I o EJ
V1 = E1 + I 1 Z 1
I o = I 2 + I m2
EJ F
I1 X 1
V1
I1 R 1
E1
I1
I2
F1
Io
F
I2I R I2
s
F2
I2
I2 X 2
E1= E 2
S EJ
Power Relations For I.M.
W -
? P1 ?

P1 = 3V1 I 1 cos 1 EJ
K I 1 V1
?
? R1
www.almohandiss.com
Pcu1 = 3I 12 R1 E J
- -
Pi Ro
? Pst ?
Pst = Pcu1 + Pi EJ
P1
P12 = P1 Pst E J
Pcu 2
Pcu 2 = 3I 22 R2 EJ
Pm = P12 Pcu 2 EJ
Pm
Pm
P2
P2 = Pm PF EJ
PF
EJ F

W
WEJ F P12 W
EJ F
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- -
P12 = 3I 21 E1 cos 2
cos 2 =
I 21 R21 / s
E1
EJ F
EJ F
EJ F
R2
S
P12 = 3I 22
EJ F
WEJ FEJ F
Pm = 3I 22 R2
R2
3I 22 R2
S
(1 S )
S EJ
P12
Pm = 3I 22
3I 22
1
R2
S
Pm
: 3I 22
R2
(1 S ) :
S
1 S
Pcu 2
3I 22 R2
:
EJ F

K S
TorqueJ {
?Total Torque?

T=
Pm
Pm
n
2
60
Or
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N .m
EJ F
T=
P12
P12
ns
2
60
N .m EJ F
EJ F P12
T=
3E1 I 2 cos 2
n
2 s
60
N .m EJ F
E1
I 21 =
EJ F
(R / s ) + (X )
1 2
2
1
2
R2 / s
cos =
(R / s ) + (X )
1
2
1 2
2
EJ F
EJ FEJ FEJ F
T=
3E12 R21 / s
2
ns R21
+ X 21
2
60 s
( )
N .m EJ F
R21
X 21
EJ F
T=
3E12
S
2
ns
S + 2
2
X 21
60
T = KT
S
S + 2
2
N.M EJ F
EJ F
K T
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3E12
ns
X 21
2
60
- -
KT =
EJ F
V1 E1 S
K
K T
le
stab
R21
R21
X 21
W
EJ F S = 1 Tst J
Tst = K T
1+ 2
EJ F
K Tmax J
EJ F
S 2 + 2 s 0.25
dT
= 0 = KT
EJ
2
dS
S 2 + 2
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S m2 = 2 EJ
- -
S m = EJ
EJ F
Tmax = K T
Sm
2
K
=
T
2 + 2
S m2 + 2
1
Tmax = K T EJ F
2
Tm S m n = ns
n = ns E 1 S F
S = 1 n = ns E1 S F?Stable Operation?
Unstable ?K n = 0
K?Operation
1
TF L = Tmax
2
EJ F
K R21
EJ F
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EJ F
K R21
J WJ {
K
V

KEJ F
EJ F
EJ F
EJ F
Req = R1 + R21
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N
= R1 + R2 1
N2
EJ F
X eq = X 1 + X 21
N
= X 1 + X 2 1
N2
EJ F

R1 (1 s )
2
J {
No-load Test J
EJ F
KZ
Z S = 0
Po = W1 + W2

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Po = 3Vo I o cos o EJ
- -
cos o =
Po
3Vo I o
EJ F
I = I o cos o EJ
I m = I o sin o EJ
Ro =
Vo
I
Xo =
EJ F
Vo
Im
EJ F
EJ F
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Short Circuit Test
Blocked ?
EJ F?Rotor Test
R21
(1 S ) = 0
S
S = 1
K n = 0
K K

EJ FK
X eq Req

Psc = 3I s2cph Req EJ
Req
Psc
3I s2c ph
EJ F
Z eq =
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Vsc
I sc
EJ F
Z eq = Req2 + X eq2
X eq = Z eq2 Req2
EJ F
- -
Ps.c Po
% =
P2
100
P1
% =
P2
100 EJ
P2 + Po + Psc
PF
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WJ {
c /s EF
r.p.m
K
ns =
60 f 60 60
=
= 1800
P
2
rpm
rpm
n = 1740
n = ns n
= 1800 1740 = 60
S=
rpm
ns n
ns
60
=
= 0.033
1800
= 3 .3 %
c/s {c/s
K
S=
f 2 2 .5
=
= 0.05 W
f 1 50
ns =
60 50
= 1000
3
rpm
n = 1000 (1 0.05)
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n = n s (1 S )
= 950
- -
rpm
Kw c/sv
WELFc /m
J J
FJ J
KJ
W
S=
f2
100
=
= 0.033
f1 60 50
ns =
60 f 60 50
=
= 1000
P
3
n = n 2 (1 S )
= 1000 (1 0.033) = 967
rpm
Pcu 2 = sP12 = 0.033 80
= 2.67
Pm = 80 2.67 = 77.33
rpm
Kw
Kw
Pcu 2 = 3I 22 R2
R2 =
Pcu 2 2.67 10 3
0.2
=
2
3I 22
3 (65)
hpr.p.m
r.p.m EF
Kw
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- -
Pm = 5 746 = 3730
n s n 1000 935
=
= 0.065
1000
ns
S=
Pm = P12 (1 S )
P12 =
Pm
3730
3730
=
=
1 s 1 0.065 0.935
= 3990
P1 = P12 + Pst
= 3990 + 400 = 4390W

P
3730
= m =
= 0.85
P1 4390
c/s v
{ r.p.mhp
hp
J J
KJ
W
ns =
www.almohandiss.com
60 f 60 50
=
= 1000
P
3
S=
rpm
ns n
50
=
= 0.05
1000
ns
P2 = 20 746 = 14920
- -
I =
Pm = P2 + Pf = 21 746 = 15666
P12 =
Pm
15666
=
= 16500
1 s
0.95
P1 = P12 + Pst
= 16500 + 1500 = 18000
Pcu 2 = sP12 = 0.05 16500 = 825
P = 3VI cos
3V cos
18000
3 500 0.86
= 24.15
P2 14920
=
= 0.83
P1 18000
r.p.m Kw
Kwc/sv
Kw
J J
EFJ J

ns =
60 f 60 50
=
= 1000
P
3
rpm

S=
n s n 1000 975
=
= 0.025 2.5% J
1000
ns
P12 = P1 Pst
= 40 1 = 39
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- -
Kw
Pcu 2 = sP12 = 0.025 39 = 0.975 J
Pm = P12 Pcu 2
= 39 0.975 = 38.025
Kw
P2 = Pm Pf
= 38.025 2 = 36.025

P2 (hp ) =
36025
50
746
hP J

36.025
= 0.90 90% J
40
vpole
{{K c/s
r.p.m
K Tmax
W
2 P = 24 Poles f = 50 c / s
R2 = 0.016 X 2 = 0.265 n = 247
ns =
60 f 60 50
=
= 250
P
12
S=
rpm
n s n 250 247
=
= 0.012
250
ns
S f l = 1.2%
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T f l = K T
- -
S f l
2 + S 2f l
2
1
KT
2 + S 2f l
2
=
=
S f l
2 S f l
KT 2
+ S 2f l
Tmax = K T
Tmax
T f l
R2 0.016
=
= 0.06
X 2 0.265
(0.06)2 + (0.012)2
2.5
2 0.06 0.012
nm = ns (1 S m )
= 250 (1 0.06 )
= 235
rpm

= 1 = S max
R2 + Rext
= 1 R2 + Rext = X 2
X2
Rext = X 2 R2
= 0.265 0.016
= 0.249
J Wc/shp
vAwW
vAwW
K N1
N2
= 4 R1 = R21
K X 1 = X 201
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Po = 3V1 I 1 cos o
20000
cos o =
3 6000 14
= 0.138
o = 82.07 sin o = 0.99
I = I o cos o =
14
I m = I o sin o =
14
Ro =
0.138 = 1.12 Amp
3
3
0.99 = 8 Amp
V
6000
=
= 5357
I 1.12
Xo =
V
6000
=
= 750
I
8
Z = V
I2
1000
= 24.7
70
3
Req =
70
3
3
X eq = Z eq2 Req2 =
= 6.22
(24.7 )2 (6.22)2
R1 = R21 =
X 1 = X 21 =
X eq
2
Req
= 23.94
= 3.11
23.94
= 11.97
2
X 21 11.97
= 0.748
X2 = 2 =
a
(4)2
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30500
R2 =
R21 3.11
=
= 0.194
a 2 (4)2
- -
WJ {
Z 2 = R2 + JX 2
S = 1

KEJ F
I st =
(R
V1
+ R + Rst
1
2
) + (X
2
+X
1 2
2
EJ F
EJ F
R2 + Rst
X 20
EJ F
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Sm
= 1 ==
R21 + Rst
1
X 20
EJ F

Rst = X 21 R21
S m = 1 =
EJ F
K
: ( )
WEF
EJ F
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- -
Auto TransformerJ
EF
Star/ Delta SwitchLJ

1

3
WJ {
WJ {{
K P12
S
1 S
Pcu 2
K
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- -
WJ {{
W
J W
K
K
KEF

EHarmonicsF
K A
60 f
P
L f J ns
ns =
K P J
K n ns
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EF
K?Dahalander Connection ?
EConverter InverterF
f =
1
T T

V
f
K ns D
T
V=1
00%
0%
V=8
0%
V=6
0%
V=4
n4 n3 n2 n1 ns n
K
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WJ {
L J
KKL
E1 = 4.44 f1 m N 1
E1 = V1
KEF
60 60
60 50
ns =
P
P
T=
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EF
Synchronous Machines
W J {
Synchronous K
Speed
pns
60
EJ F
L ns
P
Lf
KL

EStator F K

K
N t E S F
Nt =
Z
2
EJ F
W C
C=
Nt
Z
=
N 2N
EJ F
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W
Salient PoleWJ
K
Non Salient PoleWEFJ
WJ {
EPhaseFE F
q ? 2 P ?
q=
3 2 P
EJ F
T ph
T ph =
N
Z
= t
23 3
EJ F
K
K
KK
Concentric CoilsWJ

EJ F
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EJ F
EJ F
WJ
E FE FK
K
K I C
Ic =
Ia
2a
K 2a
K
KConcentric Winding
s
24
=
= 6
2p
4
s
24
q=
=
= 2
3 2P 3 4
y=
EJ F
K
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EJ F
WJ {
ec = 22.2 P
60
f = pn
60
EJ F
EJ F

ec = 4.44 f Volt / turn

EJ F
K W EWinding FactorF
E ph
= 4.44 fVolt / turn
EJ F
K d
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- -
Kd =
sin (q 2 )
q sin ( 2 )
EJ F
q
S
2 p 180
K C

K C

K C = cos

2
EJ F
K
KZ K C
K W = K C K d
= 1
K W
EJ F
KL{
e.m.f
KK
f =
pn 8 375
=
= 50
60
60
q=
144
= 3
16 3
C S
= 360 P = 360 8 = 20
S
144

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- -
3 20
q
sin
2 =
2
Kd =
20
q sin
3 sin
2
2
sin 30
Kd =
= 0.96
3 sin 10
sin
144 144
=
= 9 J
2P
16
y=
K C = 1.0 cos 0 = 1
K w = K c K d = 0.96 = K d
Z T ph
Z
23
= 144 10 = 1440
turn T ph = 1440 = 240 EF
23
= 4.44 FT ph K w
Z = S Z slot
E ph
E ph
= 4.44 50 0.03 240 0.96
= 1534volt
Eline = 3E ph = 3 1534
= 2655volt
J WJ {
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- -
2 P
ERotating FieldF

m.m. f av = 1.35
T ph
p
I .K w
EJ F
WEFJ {
I a F
T ph E
m.m. f a
= 1.35
T ph
p
KKKK
I a .K w
EJ F
m.m. f P
m.m. f P = N f .I f
m.m . f total = m .m . f a + m.m . f P
R
K
E ph
Ra EF V
I a EPhase Leakage ReactanceF X l

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- -
E ph = V ph + I a (Ra + jX l )
EJ F
Eo
E o = 4.44 fT ph . .K W
EJ F
Eo V
Eo V
V
Eo V
V
EJ F
K J
KEF J
K J
K J
W
EJ F
Z
Et
= E + E a
EJ F
K a t
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EJ F
EJ F
I a Ea
K I a
(4-18)
E a Ia
EF Ea
K X a
X a Ra EJ F
Z s = ra + j ( x a + X a )
= ra + jX s
= x a + X a
X s
EJ F

EJ F
EJ FEJ F
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EJ F EJ F

X s E V Et
X s
= X a + x a
% =
E V
100
V
EJ F

EJ F
EFJ {
No Load Test
EF
EJ F
EJ F
EJ FK

( O.C.C ) " Open Circuit Charact "
EJ F
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Short Cir. Test J

KEJ F

EJ F
E
Z S
Ia
EJ F
Z S I F

KEJ F
P
x
x
x
x
x
x
Piron
Ia
EJ F
W
H
E Z S F
K X S
= Z S
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Voltage Regulatim

?Protection?
KEParallel OperationF
% =
Eo V
100 EJ
V
Eo
K
K
Syn.Impedence MethodJ
Ra Z S
X s = Z s 2 Ra 2
I E EJ F
% =
IRa cos + IX s sin

V
100 EJ
Ampere-turn Method
KK
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- -
WJ {
I
P0 = 3VI cos
EJ F
K V I
E + F E I E
P1 = 3EI cos( + )
EJ F
Ra
P1 = 3EI cos( + ) = 3I (V cos + IRa ) EJ
= 3[VI cos + I 2Ra ]

EF I Ra
2
P1 Po
EJ F
3EV
sin Po
Xs
EJ F
P1 =
T=
T =
EJ F
E s F
3EV
1
sin .
Xs
ws
EJ F
E EJ FEJ F
Ksin T P
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Parallel Operation of S.M.J {

E1 Z1 Z
E2 Z 2

I
I 2 I1
KEJ F
Z1
I1
E1
Is
I
Z2
I2
E2
EJ F
E1 = E 2 z1 = Z 2
I 1 = I 2
E
E
2
1

Z1 Z1
V = E1 I 1 Z1 = E 2 I 2 Z 2 E1 = E 2 = E
V = E I 1 Z 1 = E I 2 Z 2
I 1 Z 1 = I 2 Z 2 I = I 1 + I 2
I2 = I
I1 = I
Z1
Z1 + Z 2
Z2
Z1 + Z 2
EJ F
EJ F
K J
K J
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KE 1 C C 1 B B 1 AAFJ
KEPhase Shift FJ
I S
Synch. powerF K
KE
Ps E1 I s E 2 I 2
EJ F
KK
EJ F X S
I = I1 + I 2
Is =
F1 E 2
Z1 + Z 2
I S
Z2Z1
W J {
A Synchronous Machine On Infinite Bus-Bars
W
K J
KJ
KJ
KJ
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EJ F
J W
J F
J
E
K
VS
= 0 Vm = Vb
K
K S
SynchroscopeJ

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EJ F
Synchroscope
EJ F
Synchronous MotorsEFJ {
ns =
60 f
P
EJ F
K
EJ F (sin )
T=
3EV
1
sin .
Xs
ws
K K
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J {{
Damping CoilsJ
K
K
W?The V-Curves?VJ {{
KV-CurvesEJ F
V-F.L
KEJ FK V Curves
Lag Lead

Unity P.F. line
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EJ FEJ F
EfficiencyEFJ {{
K
J W
K
K
Po = 3VI cos
Pi = 3VI cos
% =
% =
Po
100
Po + losses
EJ
Po losses
100
Po
EJ
F
F
J WJ {{
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- -
The Syn.Capacitor ( compensator )J

K
Power-Factor Correction
KK
WJ {{

5
4.8 10 K 6
6
KL (0.048)
K C J K d J W
KJ
W
1200
pn
= 3
= 60 c s
60
60
K c = cos
= 180 180
6
2
F=
30
= 0.967
K c = cos
2
www.almohandiss.com
= 180 150 = 30
- -
q=
72
=
3 6

=4
6 180
= 15
72

sin (q 2) sin (4 15 2)
Kd =
=
q sin ( 2)
4 sin (15 2)
=
K d = 0.95 K w = K d .K c
2 20 72
= 480Turn
23
20 72
=
= 480Turn
3
T ph N =
E ph = 4.44 fT ph K w
= 4.44 60 0.048 480 0.95 0.917
E ph = 5347Volt
K
W
K c = cos
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144
=3
3 16
375
n
= 8
= 50 c s
f =p
60
60
= 180 160 = 20
q=
= cos
20
= 0.985
2
2
180
=
= 20
3 3
sin (q 2 ) sin (3 20 2 )
Kd =
=
20
q sin
3 sin
2
2
- -
K d = 0.96
Z = 144 7 = 1008
Z
1008
N=
=
= 84Turn
2 3 2
12
E ph = 4.44 fNK c K d
= 4.44 50 0.0389 84 0.985 0.96
= 6859
Eline = 3 6859 = 11880
KL

KL

{E{F q = 3
pn
60 50
P =
=
60
375
3300
V =
= 1905V
3
Eo V
% = 25 =
V
E o 1905
0.25 =
1905 E o = 2381.25Volt
f =
E = 4.44 fNK w 2381.25 = 4.44 50 0.0581 N ph 0.96
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N ph = 192turn
cond =
192 2
= 8cond
3 16
- -
{{
K{
KW
W
V ph
I ph
V ph =
2300
3
= 1328
I ph = 200 A
1
60 60 cos 0.5
(V cos IR )2 + (V sin + IX )2
E ph =
E ph =
(1328 0.5 200 0.2)2 + (1328 0.868 + 200 2.2)2
E ph 1708volt
E ph
WK
KK
cos = 1.0
P = VI cos I 2 R
4000 = 250 I 0.4 I 2
0.4 I
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I=
250
250 I + 4000 = 0
(250)2 4 0.4 4000

2 0.4
I = 16.5 Amp
- -
www.almohandiss.com
E=
(V cos IR )2 + (V sin + IX )2
(250 16.5 0.4)2 + (16.5 4)2
E = 252.2V
- -

Principles of Electric Machines and Power Electronics
P.c sen
Electrotechnique industrielle
Guy Seguier
Francis Notelet
Technologies et schemas d'electricite'
Henry Ney
Machines Electriques , Electronique de puissance
Alain Hebert
Claude Naudet
Michel Pinard
Dino Zorbas, "Electric machines "
West publishing company st. Paul, 1989.
Turan Gonen, "Electrical machines "
Power international. Press. Garmichael, California, 1998.
??
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Rmeq = Rm1 + Rm 2 + Rm3 + E{F

200 x 4x10 x12 x10

1.1x12 x10 x1591549

W l c 2 = 0.48 0.01 = 0.47m l c2

m r = 2 (r r ) = 2 (0.25 0.20) = 0.025m

250 x 24.04 x10

= 1.225 x625x10 = 24.04 x10 Wb

0.07cm 0.05cm 7cm

(30 + 3.5 + 3.5) x10

2000 x 4x10 x(7 x7) x10

(3.5 + 30 + 3.5 + 3.5 + 30 + 3.5 + 3.5 + 30 + 3.5) x10

2000 x 4x10 x 49 x10

4x10 x(1.05 x 49 x10 )

4x10 x(1.05 x 49 x10 )

E{FK e = Blu E{F = 90o

f = Bil ENF sin = 1 = l , B = 90

W( rotor or armature) -2.1

eab K eab = 2 B( )lu W

W(armature winding or armature circuit ) G

: . ( 2x2=4 e.r 2x360=720 e.d )

180 ( pole pitch ) G

( back pitch coil pitch ) G

F Efull coil pitchF *

E number of armature parallel paths ) G

W(Lap winding) 1.3

Eprogressive lap windingFJ

WEseries or wave windingF-2.3

P Eprogressive wave windingF

KE retrogressive wave windingF

E a Eelectromotive force (e.m.f ) equationF-4

k a wm radians (waber ) E a (Volt ) W

W T e Eelectromagnetic torque equation F-5

= 36.8 10 0.75 = 0.0276Wb W

E a = 73.53 0.0276 104.72 = 212.5Volt W

= 73.53 0.0276 400 = 811.8 N m

= 212.5 400 = 85000W = 85 Kw

= 147.06 0.0276 200 = 811.8 N m

wm = 2 n = 2 400 = 41.89 rds sec W

0.05 Wb0.011 K10

R1 = R2 = 720 0.011 = 7.92 W

= 2750 0.05 2.88 = 396 N m

KEseries excitationFW -2.2.8

Edifferentially compounded excitationF

W( power- flow diagram ) J {

Plosses = Pi.loss + Pm.loss + Pc.loss E{F E a = k a wm E{F

Pc.loss = I 2f R f + I a2 Ra E{FV t = E a I a Ra E{F

KE{F(armature quadrature axis field )

KE{F ( original neutral axis )

I f (effective ) = I f (actual ) I f ( A.R ) I f ( A.R ) = I f (actual ) I f (effective )

K 0.04 125 V200 A

E a = 125 + 200 0.04 = 133V KK

E a 2 = E a1 n2 = 133 1000 = 110.8V

0.1 EL1800 200 A 20 KwF

K R fc = 27 R fc + 133 = 160 R fc + 133 = 200

V L (F .L ) = 190V V L (F .L ) = 200 100 0.1 V L (F .L ) = E a I a ( F .L ) Ra

KK I f (eff ) = 1.25 0.125 = 1.125 A I f (eff ) = I f (act ) I f ( A.R )

V L (F .L ) = 180V V L (F .L ) = 190 100 0.1 V L (F .L ) = E a (eff ) I a ( F .L ) Ra

KEcritical field circuit resistanceF

E aeff = E a,0 V A.R E{F

wm = 2 n = 2 500 = 52.36rd / sec

Plosses = Piron + Pmech + Pcu 0 0 =

K R fc = 170 80 = 90 R f (crit ) = V L = 85 = 170

K100 V60 W200