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The Worldwide Emergence of the Full-Time 
INTERIMEXECUTIVE
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OVER HE LAS SEVERAL YEARS,
a little-noticed but sig-nicant number o C-level executives worldwide have emergedin the workorce, taking on contract assignments or both smalland large companies in interim management roles. What’s driv-ing this shit is the changing nature o the 21st century work-place, with its on-demand dynamic or quick results, the end o promises o lie-time employment and the rise o executive “reeagents” to meet the increasing expectations o public and privateshareholders.Companies can avoid, at least temporarily, the lengthy searchprocess and xed costs associated with a ull-time hire by usinginterim talent, along with gaining speed-to-execution that can beimportant in today’s marketplace.Diering rom consultants, these top interim executives sharecertain traits, including a bias toward operational improve-ments, a ocus on deliverables and demonstrable results, andsometimes the ability to see “the jewel in the mud” that othershave overlooked.
The Worldwide Emergence of the Full-Time 
INTERIM EXECUTIVE
 
TREND #1:A Growing Scarcity of C-LevelExecutive Talent
In the U.S., as in many other developedcountries, the looming talent shortage in theskilled labor orce—up to the top levels o management--is well-publicized. Most expertsbelieve the current economic downturn issimply postponing the demographic realitiesat work here.Te National Bureau o Labor Statistics(NBLS) says a shortall o 10 million skilled workers is projected by 2010, and that thecoming shortage o executive talent will ac-celerate through 2030.RHR International reports claims that Amer-ica’s top 500 biggest companies will lose hal their senior managers within the next ve years.One probable impact o this demographicshit is on U.S. economic perormance. Ac-cording to Aon Consulting’s 2008 Benets &alent Survey o more than 1,100 organiza-tions, 56 percent o employers nationwideexperience a leadership shortage that impedestheir organization’s perormance, and 31 per-cent expect to have a shortage o leaders that will impede perormance in the next one toour years. Among the industries most aectedby this leadership shortage are healthcare (62percent cite a leadership shortage); proes-sional services (58 percent); and manuactur-ing (57 percent).Finding the time and resources to implementa solution to address the leadership develop-ment gap has been a major challenge or many organizations, and awareness o the problemisn’t limited to HR; as the studies cited abovesuggest, C-level executives themselves are very aware o the leadership gap. More alarming isthat some executives in the Aon survey saidthe problem is severely acute and acknowl-edged that it needs to be xed as soon as thenext 1 or 2 years.Tis looming problem can be traced to inter-nal upheaval among organizations, causingthem to push talent acquisition and manage-ment urther down a growing list o priori-ties. Within the HR department, constrainedresources have also hampered HR leaders toaddress the problem.Te internal upheaval is oten caused by external actors—i.e., market upheaval whichplays havoc with company strategy andrequires greater and more sudden shits indirection.Finally, although C-suite turnover had less-ened—perhaps surprisingly—between 2005and 2007, the current economic recession haschanged that. Te Wall Street Journal recently (January 13, 2009) headlined a piece, “CEOFirings On the Rise As Downturn GainsSteam.” Te article cited Spencer Stuart’sndings that 61 companies in the Standard &Poor’s index changed CEOs in 2008, up rom56 the previous year.“A storm is gathering. We’re going to seethe eects o current conditions within thenext 12 to 36 months as more baby boom-ers begin to retire. One o the things thosepeople take with them is a huge knowledgeand experience base that most companieshave not replaced.
–Dean Bare, managing director, StantonChase International, Atlanta GA
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TREND #2:
 
Emergence of Highly Skilled Inter-im Practitioners Worldwide
Given the emerging talent gap at the top, where will companies nd the accomplishedproessionals to ll those jobs? Contrary topopular assumptions, much o the answer willcome not rom oreign workers oshore butrom the growing group o both GenX andBoomer executives who are choosing to work on an interim basis. As a recent report rom Epoch Partners, a rm
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specializing in interim executive placement,suggests, second careers and fexible work schedules are two elements o “the new way to work,” along with three others: increasingcompetition, more rapid cycles o innovation,and the need or just-in-time executive talent.Epoch also reports that less than one in vecompanies is well positioned to attract andretain top talent through traditional recruitingmethods. Tis need or non-traditional wayso sourcing talent is perhaps the main driverbehind the emergence o a “high growth mar-ketplace o accomplished proessionals.”Research by Redfash Inc. projects 60%growth in the numbers o top-level interimexecs this year and next. What kinds o assignments are typical orthese “hired guns,” as they are sometimestermed?Examples might include:
Opening a new division, region or country 
•
Launching a product or service 
•
Guiding a startup business through initial 
•
hurdles  Managing operations through a merger,
•
acquisition or successionurnaround and restructuring for trou-
•
bled companies or divisions 
 Another way to look at the roles o interimexecutives is in terms o three stages o thebusiness cycle:Start-up:
New ventures 
•
Product development 
•
Rapid expansion
•
Growth and Consolidation:
Integration
•
Introduction of best practice 
•
 Management of subsidiaries 
•
 Mergers and Acquisitions 
•
Change/urnaround:
ransition
•
Divestitures 
•
Restructuring 
•
Crisis 
•
For an interim CEO, any one o our dierentbut common scenarios might occur: An assignment rom a private company’s
•
owner or board o directors or an indi-vidual or team that will bring signicantskills and experience or a set period o time. An assignment rom a public company’s
•
board o directors as a temporary replace-ment with xed deliverables, usually including directing a permanent hireprocess. An assignment rom a private equity und
•
to assist with or run a portolio company;many private equity rms have deepbenches o talented executives who havealready had considerable success on theirown, or with larger public companies, or with other portolio companies rom thesame und. An assignment rom a bankruptcy court
•
or trustee acting on behal o an estate,shareholders or creditors or an indi-vidual or team to act as good stewardsin growth, maintenance, asset sale ordissolution.In the “new engagement marketplace,” as it’sbeen called, the key values are relevance, cost-eectiveness and business agility. In place o traditional employment security, a new kindo security is the norm, one based on provid-ing value to a variety o companies in dierentindustries.Te economic benets o variable personnelcosts play an important role here: interimexecutives are simply able to operate morecost eectively than their ull-time, xed-costcounterparts.Productivity also matters in a business land-
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scape where, according to EPOCHPartners LLC, over 60 percent o new C-level executives ail within 16 months,ater a search process that averages ninemonths.One approach is or companies to oregotraditional search rms in avor o servic-es that represent interim executives. Teseservices must have previously perormedall the vetting and due diligence unc-tions o traditional search rms – beorethe client company calls up. Te largerpart o the interim market is representedby an approach directly between theclient company and interim executiveor interim team. Either approach makesor a much aster track or a company inneed o leadership.“Companies looking or talented ex-ecutives to drive creativity and innova-tion may soon nd them in interimpackages. When hunting down thiskind o leadership talent, it’s not aboutthe tenure—it’s all about the match.”
–Juli Ann Reynolds, president and CEO, Te om Peters Company 
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“A new approach to talentmanagement is needed ortwo key reasons. On thepublic policy side, com-panies are not developingthe talent the U.S. needsto stay competitive. Onthe employer side, mosto the companies aren’tdoing talent planning, ortheir planning is wrong,even as their ability to hire ona just-in-time basis is eroding.Employers can’t easily nd people outthere to poach; it’s an expensive andtime-consuming process to even look.”
–Peter Cappelli, Wharton Business School, author of alent on Demand: Managing alent in an Age of Uncertainty 
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TREND #3:
 
Emergence of Best Practices/
Skillsets Identifed with
Effective Interim Executives
[Tis section is based on interviews with practicing interim executives: see below for sources.] 
Tus interim executives are participat-ing in the larger workplace shit whichmight be described as rom Employ-ment to Engagement, or, to use themore appropriate term, Assignment.(Te term “engagement” comes romthe consulting universe and interimexecs are quick to point out the key di-erence between their work and that o consultants: unlike the latter, interimstake on a duciary role and stay to eectthe necessary changes or complete thetask.)Given the limited timerames or inter-im assignments, it’s not surprising thatperhaps the rst key trait or a successulinterim executive is to be a quick study. A recent study by Boyden Interim on what makes or breaks an interim execreveals that he or she typically has only ve days to do the things most newly appointed execs take 100 days to tackle.Tese include: quick xes, establishingcredibility, and building relationshipsacross the organization.
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Tis point raises the question o how someone comes to be an interim execu-tive. Some interims suggest that turn-around work—with its highly structurednancial and legal requirements—is help-ul or that sub-specialty o interim work.But not all interim work is turnaroundassignments.Rather than a matter o training, somepractitioners might argue that eectiveinterims are simply born that way. Oneexec interviewed here argues that emo-tional intelligence is key, to allow an execto move into an undened corporateculture and change it: this personal quality matters because “culture is the key,” thisexec put it. A second key trait is what one interimexec calls “a high ortitude or chaos.” Itis typical in interim assignments to ndsurprises, even on top o the act that,as one interim commented, “You alwaysinherit what you didn’t create.In the case o interims doing turnaround work, or example, there are various kindso risks that have to be managed. Tegreatest o these, according to one execinterviewed here, is simply taking on asituation and nding “you can’t turn itaround.”Tus a thick skin is oten mentioned asvaluable in playing this kind o “out-side” role. A change agent needs to havea somewhat autocratic, assertive style,some interims would argue, in order toget the job done, to stay ocused on thedeliverables, to produce quick results. An interim CFO must exercise equalcaution in that role, especially in inter-acting with third-parties who need tounderstand the interim CFO’s role o analysis, consultation, various types o process implementation—as opposed tosigning o on an audit or taking otherpersonal risks.Interim execs actually take on a widerange o assignments, aside rom turn-around work: these might includeleading a startup, managing a corporatespino, and other special situations. Onthe question o leadership skills versusoperational skills, an interesting debateamong interims could be held. In somesituations, the interim CEO mightperorm some or all o the classic CEOroles—communicating the company vi-sion and strategy, dealing with the boardand shareholders, managing the annualreport. “You need good generalist quali-ties,” as one interim CEO stated.Oten in interim CEO assignments,however, the actual role can be closer tothat o a COO, with the ocus on “xingthings” and quickly. ypical COO tasksmight include managing areas like risk mitigation, I, sales, getting the com-pany ready or sale, etc.One executive interviewed here under-lined that industry skills and operationalskills are quite dierent, with the lattermore important usually in interim work.He noted that sometimes the company may not have the luxury or a thoroughsearch in its own industry or an interimexec and must bring in someone romoutside the industry. While there can be disadvantages tobringing in an “outsider,” one interim
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The Worldwide Emergence of the Full-Time 
INTERIM EXECUTIVE
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