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NAME : DATE OF TEST :

STRUCTURE Directions: Questions 1-15 are incomplete sentences. Beneath each sentence you will see four words or phrases, marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. Look at the following examples: Example I Geysers have often been compared to volcanoes ___2____ they both emit hot liquids from below the Earth's surface. 1. 2. 3. 4. due to because in spite of regardless of

The sentence should read, "Geysers have often been compared to volcanoes because they both emit hot liquids from below the Earth's surface." Therefore, you should choose answer B. Example II During the early period of ocean navigation, ________ any need for sophisticated instruments and techniques. 1. 2. 3. 4. so that hardly where there hardly was hardly was there was hardly

The sentence should read, "During the early period of ocean navigation, there was hardly any need for sophisticated instruments and techniques." Therefore, you should choose answer D. QUESTIONS

1) Refrigerating meats ____a____ the spread of bacteria. a) b) c) d) retards retarding to retard is retarded

2) Throughout the animal kingdom, _____b___ bigger than the elephant. a) b) c) d) whale is only the only the whale is is the whale only only whale is the

3) The fact ___b_____ money orders can usually be easily cashed has made them a popular form of payment. a) b) c) d) of that is that which is

4) The first article of the United States Constitution gives Congress ______a__ to pass laws. a) b) c) d) the power has the power the power is of the power

5) Written mail, which is currently referred to as snailmail by frequent computer users, ___a____ by email and other electronic technologies. a) b) c) d) is being slowly transformed will have been slowly transformed slowly transforms was slowly transformed

6) Airport x-ray devices _c______ designed more carefully in order to detect the more sophisticated forms of explosive materials that are now produced. a) b) c) d) must have been must must be must have been being

7) To Darwin we ________a__ that has made the interrelations of organisms central in modern natural history. a) b) c) d) have owed the change owing the change the change do owe owe the change

8) In Europe, a definite system of locating the annual cuttings _______a___ in the management of communal and government forests because under this system the forests can be so organized that an approximately equal yield is secured each year. a) b) c) d) is extensively used extensively uses has extensively used will have extensively used

9) Capable of producing nothing more than _____d_____, Barkley was forced to concede the point to Hume who went on to win the debate. a) b) c) d) vacuous truly a point truly a point vacuous vacuous a truly point a truly vacuous point

10) An excellent cosmetologist in even the most unsophisticated hair salon can make a man seem to have more hair than ___b____. a) b) c) d) has actually he he actually has it actually is is it actually

11) ____c______ sort of winter means cold, stormy weather, a short daylight, and a scarcity of fruits, seeds, insects, and slugs that animals can consume. a) b) c) d) Even an ordinary Ordinary, an even An ordinary, even Ordinary even an

12) In the fiscal year 1910, the _____d_____ was 16 cents per pound before it was distributed to retail outlets. a) b) c) d) tea value of average import import average value of tea average import value of tea average value of import tea

13) _______A___ and have low refractive indices, low dielectric constants, and low surface tensions has long been known by chemists. a) b) c) d) Those fluorocarbons are more volatile and denser than corresponding hydrocarbons That fluorocarbons are more volatile and denser than corresponding hydrocarbons While fluorocarbons are more volatile and denser than corresponding hydrocarbons When fluorocarbons are more volatile and denser than corresponding hydrocarbons

14) It is safe to say ___c_______ does not exceed 25%. a) because the average efficiency of the best steam engine b) which the average efficiency of the best steam engine c) that the average efficiency of the best steam engine d) with the average efficiency of the best steam engine e) 15) There is no doubt _____d____ correspond to the gill clefts which are used in connection with the breathing in fishes. a) b) c) d) because of the minute slits which are seen in embryonic reptile and birds despite the fact that the minute slits which are seen in embryonic reptile and birds if the minute slits which are seen in embryonic reptile and birds that the minute slits which are seen in embryonic reptiles and birds

Reading Comprehension Directions: Please read the discussion below and answer the following 10 questions on this brief passage.

The Job Interview Interviewer: So, you've applied for the Saturday position, right? John: Yes, I have. Interviewer: Can you tell me what made you reply to our advertisement? John: Well, I was looking for a part-time job to help me through college. And I think that I'd be really good at this kind of work. Interviewer: Do you know exactly what you would be doing as a shop assistant? John: Well I imagine I would be helping customers, keeping a check on the supplies in the store, and preparing the shop for business. Interviewer: That about covers it, you would also be responsible for keeping the front of the store tidy. What sort of student do you regard yourself as . . . did you enjoy studying while you were at school? John: I suppose I'm a reasonable student. I passed all my exams and I enjoy studying subjects that interest me. Interviewer: Have you any previous work experience? John: Yes. I worked part-time at a take-away in the summer holidays. Interviewer: Now, do you have any questions you'd like to ask me about the position? John: Yes. Could you tell me what hours I'd have to work? Interviewer: We open at 9.00, but you would be expected to arrive at 8.30 and we close at 6.00 pm. You would be able to leave then. I think I have asked you everything I wanted to. Thank you for coming along to the interview. John: Thank you. When will I know if I have been successful? Interviewer: We'll be making our decision next Monday, we'll give you a call. 1. He wouldn't have to deal with customers. 1. True 2. False 3. Didn't Say 2. The job doesn't pay very well. 1. True 2. False 3. Didn't Say 3. He saw the advertisement in the local newspaper. 1. True 2. False 3. Didn't Say 4. John will start the job on Monday. 1. True 2. False 3. Didn't Say 5. John would start work at 9.00. 1. True 2. False 3. Didn't Say 6. The job is in a shop. 1. True 2. False 3. Didn't Say

7. John would be working in the electrical department. 1. True 2. False 3. Didn't Say 8. John failed some of his exams. 1. True 2. False 3. Didn't Say 9. John has left school. 1. True 2. False 3. Didn't Say 10. The job is full time. 1. True 2. False 3. Didn't Say
Directions: In the Reading Comprehension section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by a number of questions about it. You are to choose the one best answer, A, B, C, or D, to each question. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. Answer all questions about the information in a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage. Read the following passage: The railroad was not the first institution to impose regularity on society, or to draw attention to the importance of precise timekeeping. For as long as merchants have set out their wares at Line daybreak and communal festivities have been celebrated, people (5) have been in rough agreement with their neighbors as to the time of day. The value of this tradition is today more apparent than ever. Were it not for public acceptance of a single yardstick of time, social life would be unbearably chaotic: the massive daily transfers of goods, services, and information would proceed in fits and (10 starts; the very fabric of modern society would begin to unravel. )

Example I
What is the main idea of the passage? 1. In modern society we must make more time for our neighbors.

2. 3. 4.

The traditions of society are timeless. An accepted way of measuring time is essential for the smooth functioning of society. Society judges people by the times at which they conduct certain activities.

The main idea of the passage is that societies need to agree about how time is measured in order to function smoothly. Therefore, you should choose answer C.

Example II
In line 6, the phrase "this tradition" refers to 1. 2. 3. 4. the practice of starting the business day at dawn friendly relations between neighbors the railroad's reliance on time schedules people's agreement on the measurement of time

The phrase "this tradition" refers to the preceding clause, "people have been in rough agreement with their neighbors as to the time of day." Therefore, you should choose answer D.

The Alaska pipeline starts at the frozen edge of the Arctic Ocean. It stretches southward across the largest and northernmost state in the United States, ending at a remote ice-free seaport village nearly 800 miles from where it begins. It is massive in size and extremely complicated to operate. The steel pipe crosses windswept plains and endless miles of delicate tundra that tops the frozen ground. It weaves through crooked canyons, climbs sheer mountains, plunges over rocky crags, makes its way through thick forests, and passes over or under hundreds of rivers and streams. The pipe is 4 feet in diameter, and up to 2 million barrels (or 84 million gallons) of crude oil can be pumped through it daily. Resting on H-shaped steel racks called "bents," long sections of the pipeline follow a zigzag course high above the frozen earth. Other long sections drop out of sight beneath spongy or rocky ground and return to the surface later on. The pattern of the pipeline's up-and-down route is determined by the often harsh demands of the arctic and subarctic climate, the tortuous lay of the land, and the varied compositions of soil, rock, or permafrost (permanently frozen ground). A little more than half of the pipeline is elevated above the ground. The remainder is buried anywhere from 3 to 12 feet, depending largely upon the type of terrain and the properties of the soil. One of the largest in the world, the pipeline cost approximately $8 billion and is by far the biggest and most expensive construction project ever undertaken by private industry. In fact, no single business could raise that much money, so 8 major oil companies formed a consortium in order to share the costs. Each company controlled oil rights to particular shares of land in the oil fields and paid into the pipeline-construction fund according to the size of its holdings. Today, despite enormous problems of climate, supply shortages, equipment breakdowns, labor disagreements, treacherous terrain, a certain amount of mismanagement, and even theft, the Alaska pipeline has been completed and is operating.

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QUESTIONS

11. The passage primarily discusses the pipeline's 1. 2. 3. 4. operating costs employees consumers construction

12. The word "it" in line 4 refers to 1. 2. 3. 4. pipeline ocean state village

13. According to the passage, 84 million gallons of oil can travel through the pipeline each 1. 2. 3. 4. day week month year

14. The phrase "Resting on" in line 13 is closest in meaning to 1. 2. 3. 4. Consisting of Supported by Passing under Protected with

15. The author mentions all of the following as important in determining the pipeline's route EXCEPT the 1. 2. 3. 4. climate lay of the land itself local vegetation kind of soil and rock

16. The word "undertaken" in line 26 is closest in meaning to 1. 2. 3. 4. removed selected transported attempted

17. How many companies shared the costs of constructing the pipeline? 1. 2. 3. 4. 3 4 8 12

18. The word "particular" in line 29 is closest in meaning to 1. peculiar 2. specific

3. exceptional 4. equal 19. Which of the following determined what percentage of the construction costs each member of the consortium would pay? 1. 2. 3. 4. How How How How much oil field land each company owned long each company had owned land in the oil fields many people worked for each company many oil wells were located on the company's land

20. Where in the passage does the author provide a term for an earth covering that always remains frozen? 1. 2. 3. 4. Line Line Line Line 3 13 19 32

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