High Performance Web Sites; Essential Knowledge for Front-End Engineers

Want your web site to display more quickly? This book presents 14 specific rules that will cut 25% to 50% off response time when users request a page. Author Steve Souders, in his job as Chief… (More) Want your web site to display more quickly? This book presents 14 specific rules that will cut 25% to 50% off response time when users request a page. Author Steve Souders, in his job as Chief Performance Yahoo!, collected these best practices while optimizing some of the most-visited pages on the Web. Even sites that had already been highly optimized, such as Yahoo! Search and the Yahoo! Front Page, were able to benefit from these surprisingly simple performance guidelines.The rules in High Performance Web Sites explain how you can optimize the performance of the Ajax, CSS, JavaScript, Flash, and images that you've already built into your site -- adjustments that are critical for any rich web application. Other sources of information pay a lot of attention to tuning web servers, databases, and hardware, but the bulk of display time is taken up on the browser side and by the communication between server and browser. High Performance Web Sites covers every aspect of that process.Each performance rule is supported by specific examples, and code snippets are available on the book's companion web site. The rules include how to:Make Fewer HTTP RequestsUse a Content Delivery NetworkAdd an Expires HeaderGzip ComponentsPut Stylesheets at the TopPut Scripts at the BottomAvoid CSS ExpressionsMake JavaScript and CSS ExternalReduce DNS LookupsMinify JavaScriptAvoid RedirectsRemove Duplicates ScriptsConfigure ETagsMake Ajax CacheableIf you're building pages for high traffic destinations and want to optimize the experience of users visiting your site, this book is indispensable."If everyone would implement just 20% of Steve's guidelines, the Web would be adramatically better place. Between this book and Steve's YSlow extension, there's reallyno excuse for having a sluggish web site anymore."-Joe Hewitt, Developer of Firebug debugger and Mozilla's DOM Inspector"Steve Souders has done a fantastic job of distilling a massive, semi-arcane art down to a set of concise, actionable, pragmatic engineering steps that will change the world of web performance."-Eric Lawrence, Developer of the Fiddler Web Debugger, Microsoft Corporation (Less)

Sections

Foreword1
Preface2
Chapter A
CHAPTER A
The Importance of Frontend Performance1
Tracking Web Page Performance
Where Does the Time Go?
The Performance Golden Rule
Chapter B
CHAPTER B
HTTP Overview 2
Compression
Conditional GET Requests
Expires
Keep-Alive
There’s More
Chapter 1
CHAPTER 1
Rule 1: Make Fewer HTTP Requests 1
Image Maps
No Image Map
CSS Sprites
Inline Images
Inline CSS Images
Combined Scripts and Stylesheets
Conclusion
Chapter 2
CHAPTER 2
Rule 2: Use a Content Delivery Network2
Content Delivery Networks
The Savings
Chapter 3
CHAPTER 3
Rule 3: Add an Expires Header 3
Expires Header
Max-Age and mod_expires
Empty Cache vs. Primed Cache
More Than Just Images
Revving Filenames
Examples
Far Future Expires
Chapter 4
CHAPTER 4
Rule 4: Gzip Components4
How Compression Works
What to Compress
Proxy Caching
Edge Cases
Gzip in Action
Everything Gzipped
Chapter 5
CHAPTER 5
Rule 5: Put Stylesheets at the Top5
Progressive Rendering
sleep.cgi
Blank White Screen
CSS at the Bottom
CSS at the Top Using @import
Flash of Unstyled Content
CSS Flash of Unstyled Content
What’s a Frontend Engineer to Do?
Chapter 6
CHAPTER 6
Rule 6: Put Scripts at the Bottom6
Problems with Scripts
Scripts in the Middle
Parallel Downloads
Scripts Block Downloads
Worst Case: Scripts at the Top
Scripts at the Top
Best Case: Scripts at the Bottom
Scripts at the Bottom
Scripts Top vs. Bottom
Putting It in Perspective
Chapter 7
CHAPTER 7
Rule 7: Avoid CSS Expressions7
Updating Expressions
Expression Counter
Working Around the Problem
One-Time Expressions
Chapter 8
CHAPTER 8
Rule 8: Make JavaScript and CSS External8
Inline vs. External
Inlined JS and CSS
External JS and CSS
Typical Results in the Field
Cacheable External JS and CSS
Home Pages
The Best of Both Worlds
Post-Onload Download
Rule 9: Reduce DNS Lookups9
DNS Caching and TTLs
Factors Affecting DNS Caching
The Browser’s Perspective
Internet Explorer
Reducing DNS Lookups
Chapter 10
CHAPTER 10
Rule 10: Minify JavaScript10
Obfuscation
Small Script Normal
Small Script Minified
Small Script Obfuscated
Large Script Normal
Large Script Minified
Large Script Obfuscated
Icing on the Cake
Chapter 11
CHAPTER 11
Rule 11: Avoid Redirects 11
Types of Redirects
How Redirects Hurt Performance
Alternatives to Redirects
Connecting Web Sites
XMLHttpRequest Beacon
Chapter 12
CHAPTER 12
Rule 12: Remove Duplicate Scripts12
Duplicate Scripts—They Happen
Duplicate Scripts Hurt Performance
Duplicate Scripts—Not Cached
Duplicate Scripts—Cached
Duplicate Scripts—10 Cached
Avoiding Duplicate Scripts
Chapter 13
CHAPTER 13
Rule 13: Conﬁgure ETags13
What’s an ETag?
The Problem with ETags
ETags: Use ’Em or Lose ’Em
ETags in the Real World
Rule 14: Make Ajax Cacheable 14
Web 2.0, DHTML, and Ajax
Asynchronous = Instantaneous?
Optimizing Ajax Requests
Caching Ajax in the Real World
Deconstructing 10 Top Sites15
Page Weight, Response Time, YSlow Grade
Page weight Response time YSlow grade
How the Tests Were Done
Amazon
Google
MySpace
Wikipedia
Yahoo!
YouTube
Index

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