CFD modelling & its experimental analysis of heat and mass transfer in single slope solar still

A SYNOPSIS REPORT Submitted in Partial fulfillment of the Requirements For the award of Master of Technology/ Master of Engineering RAJIV GANDHI PROUDYOGIKI VISHWAVIDYAJLAYA BHOPAL (M.P)

Submitted by
SANDEEP JAIN (0187ME11MT14)

Reg. No._______ Under the Guidance of PROF. SANJAY KUMAR SINGH

Department of Mechanical Engineering

SAGAR INSITITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

BHOPAL
SESSION 2012-13

SAGAR INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, BHOPAL

Department of Mechanical Engineering

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the work embodied in this preliminary entitled CFD modelling &

its experimental analysis of heat and mass transfer in single slope solar still has been satisfactorily completed by SANDEEP JAIN (0187ME11MT14); it is a bonafide piece of work, carried o u t under our /my guidance in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sagar Institute of Science & Technology, Bhopal for the partial fulfillment of the Master of Technology degree in Thermal Engineering during the academic year 2012-2013.

Name of Guide: - Prof. SANJAY KUMAR SINGH

Approved By:

Dr. AJAY KUMAR KAVITY (Head of Department of Mechanical Engineering)

Forwarded by

Dr. S. S. PATIL
Principal

Sagar Institute of Science & Technology, Gandhi Nagar Bhopal

Sagar Institute of Science & Technology, Bhopal

Department of Mechanical Engineering

CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL
This foregoing project report work is hereby approved its u creditable study of an Engineering Subject earned out and presented in a manner satisfactory to warranty its acceptance as a prerequisite to the degree for which it has been submitted. It is understood that by this approval the undersigned do not necessarily endorse or approve any statement made, opinion expressed or conclusion drawn therein, but approve the thesis only for the purpose for which it has been submitted.

(Internal Examiner)

(External Examiner)

Sagar Institute of Science & Technology, Bhopal

Department of Mechanical Engineering

DECLARATION
I, SANDEEP JAIN , a student of Master of Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Sagar Institute of Science & Technology, Bhopal hereby declare that the work presented in this synopsis is outcome of my own work, is bonafide, correct to the best of my knowledge and this work has been carried out taking care of Engineering Ethics. The work presented does not infringe any patented work and has not been submitted to any University for die award of any degree or any professional diploma.

SANDEEP JAIN 0187ME11MT14 Date:

Abstract
The distillation is one of the important methods of getting clean water from brackish and sea water using the free energy supply from the sun. An experimental work is conducted on a single slope solar still. collect experimental data of single slope solar still and its CFD modelling of heat and mass transfer using FLUENT Software. In experimental data, first I collect data of mw (mass of condense water) collected from distillation collect, different temperature Ta, Tco, Tci, Tv, Tw, Pw (Partial saturated vapor pressure at water temp), Pci (Partial saturated vapor pressure at condensing cover temperature) Latent heat of vaporization of water (L), Thermal conductivity Kv, Convective heat transfer coefficient (hcw), Evaporative heat transfer coefficient (hew), Aw (Area of the basin of solar, m2). Different type of model --- Dunkle's model, kumar and Tiwari model for analysis purpose. MATLAB 7.1 will used for Graph. After experimental analysis, with the help of CFD modelling --- Computation method to make a model to validate experimental values. Proposed work : Collect experimental data of single slope solar still and its CFD modelling of heat and mass transfer using ANSYS FLUENT Software.

Introduction:
Solar distillation is one of the available methods to produce potable water. This process has the advantage of zero fuel cost, but requires more space (for collection). The basic principles of solar water distillation are simple, yet effective, as distillation replicates the way nature purifies water. The suns energy heats water to the point of evaporation. As the water evaporates, water vapour rises, condensing on the glass surface for collection. This process removes impurities such as salts and heavy metals, and destroys microbiological organisms. The end result is water cleaner than the purest rainwater. The use of solar energy is more economical than the use of fossil fuels in remote areas having low population densities, low rainfall and abundant available solar energy. The productivity of fresh water by solar distillation depends drastically on the intensity of solar radiation, the sunshine hours and the type of the still. Single Slope Solar Stills:

Single slope solar stills can be used for water desalination. Probably, they are considered one of the cheapest solutions for fresh water production. However, the amount of distilled water produced per unit area is somewhat low which makes the single-basin solar still unacceptable in some instances. To capture and condense evaporated fresh water, a cold surface (glass cover) is needed. Due to the slope in the glass for solar still, the condensate vapour will flow through the distillation channel then collected in the distillation vessel.

Computational Flow Dynamics (CFD) : Computational Fluid Dynamics modelling is an established branch of fluid mechanics that uses numerical methods and algorithms to solve and analyze problems that involve fluid flows. CFD basically computation method to make a model to validate experimental values. ANSYS Fluent software will be used for CFD modelling work.

Proposed model
Schematic Diagram of south-facing Single Slop Solar Still

Lb and W are the length and width of the basin; Hk and Hf are the height of the north and south walls of the still, respectively. g is the tilt angle of the cover with respect to the horizon.

In the present model, beam and diffuse components of solar radiation are investigated separately. The transmitted diffuse radiation through the cover is simultaneously received by all walls and the water surface from various directions. Therefore, in the proposed radiation model, it is assumed that the incoming diffuse solar radiation is divided between the water surface and different walls according to the view factors between them and the cover. Also it is assumed that parts of the received diffuse radiations by the walls are reflected to the water surface and cover proportional to the view factors of the walls with respect to the water surface and cover, respectively.

A simple solar still design

Box Structure of Solar Still

qew hew Aw T mL

Temperature dependent physical properties of vapour

Quantity
Specific heat, Cp Density, r Thermal Conductivity, Kv Viscosity, m Latent heat of vaporization of water, L

Expression

999.2 + 0.124xTi+1.101x10-4xTi2-6.7581x10-8xTi3 3.53.44/(Ti+273.15) 0.0244+0.7673x10-4xTi 1.718x10-5+4.620x10-8xTi 3.1615x106x[1-(7.616x10-4xTi)] for Ti>700C 2.4935x106x[1-(9.4779x10-4Ti+1.3132x10-7-4.7974x10-9xTi3)] For Ti<700C Partial saturated vapour pressure at exp[25.317 - 5144/(Tci+273)] condensing cover temperature, Pci Partial saturated vapour pressure at exp[25.317 - 5144/(Tw+273)] water temperature, Pw Expansion factor, b 1/(Ti+273.15)

Proposed work --- Collect experimental data of single slope solar still and its CFD modelling of heat and mass transfer using ANSYS FLUENT Software .....