Inflammatory Disease of the Heart

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Inflammatory Disease of the Heart

PERICARDITIS DRESSLER SYNDROME MYCARDITIS Causative Factors: MICROORGANISMS PericarditisMyocarditis

Bacterial ViralViral BacterialParasitic / fungal Rheumatic fever MI Immunosuppressive therapyRheumatic Fever associated with chemotherapy

Pathophysiology:

Invasion of bacteria

PERICARDITIS inflammatory response MYOCARDITISExudates formation

Signs and Symptoms:

Accumulation of fluid in the pericardium1. Cardiac Enlargement*cardiomegaly

Signs and Symptoms:

Precordial Pain 2. Mild To Moderate S/SCause: compression of the heart a. fatigueAggravating factors: supine, b. pericardial discomfortsneezing & coughing c. dyspneaRelieving factor: sitting, leaning forward3. Abnormal Heart SoundsFriction Rub *murmur due to turbulentCause: rubbing of the surfaces blood flowDescription: high pitch sound * friction rubDyspnea – compression of the lungs 4. Flu-LikeFever – infection 5. Dysrhythmias

Common complications:1.cardiac tamponade2.pericardial effusion

Diagnostic Tests:

1.Echocardiogram2.Chest X-ray3.WBC4.ESR5.Precardiocentesis6.Endomyocardial Biopsy

Medical Management:

Pericarditis Myocarditis

-analgesic: NSAID - for hemolytic streptococci: Penicillin-contraindicated: Aspirin - Nursing Alert !-bacterial: antibiotics “Penicillin” * Avoid Aspirin & ibuprofen if the-fungal: amphoterecin B if the heart failure develop-if severe pericarditis: corticosteroids * Patient with myocarditis are-alternative therapy: cholchicine sensitive to digitalis” monitor digoxin toxicity”

1.Relieve Pain

-rest position-position of comfort – setting leaning forward-analgesic for pain-bedside commode-diversional activities

2.Reduce Fever

-antipyretic as prescribed-check temperature-antibiotic as prescribed-TSB “ & don’t RUB”

3.Maintain Cardiac Output

-assess pulse and apical rate-monitor intake and output-elevate head of bed

4.Patient Education

-gradual increase of physical activities-limit competitive sports

CARDIAC TAMPONADE (PERICARDIAL TAMPONADE)

-inflammation and infection of the inner lining of the heart (endocardium )and heart valves

Etiology

:

direct invasion of the bacteria

•

dental procedure

•

Cardiac surgery

•

Parenteral drug abuse

•

GI tract surgery

Pathophysiology

Microorganism circulate thru the bloodDislodgement in the heart valves Inflammatory responseDeformities Lesions formation BREAK OFFCommon complication “embolism”

Diagnostic Tests:

1.Blood Analysis2.Echocardiogram

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