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MAN OVERBOARD
A major concern of maritime operations is recovering personnel who have fallen overboard and safely transferring them from the water to the deck of a boat or hatch of a lifeboat. Several recovery systems are demonstrated. Recovery should not exceed 6 to 8 minutes
MAN OVERBOARD
Several recovery techniques are demonstrated along with vessel approach techniques such as the Williamson method.
Procedures for marking the location of personnel in the water with a flare or lifering are discussed along with alternative rescue methods.
MOB / DIFFERENT SITUATIONS Immediate action situation Casualty is noticed on the bridge and action is initiated immediately "Delayed action" situation Casualty is reported to the bridge by an eye witness and action is initiated with some delay "Person missing" situation Person is reported to the bridge as "missing"
IMMEDIATE ACTION First reaction: throw a lifebuoy with light in the direction of the person overboard / call the bridge / Shout: man overboard
SINGLE TURN
Rudder hard over (in an "immediate action" situation, only to the side of the casualty) . After deviation from the original course by 250, rudder to midship position and stopping manoeuvre to be initiated.
SCHARNOW TURN
Rudder hard over After deviation from the original course by 240, rudder hard over to the opposite side. When heading 20 short of opposite course, rudder to midship position so that ship will turn to opposite course.
SINGLE TURN will take the ship back to the scene of the casualty most quickly.
WILLIAMSON TURN requires more time and will temporarily take the ship farther away from the scene of the casualty.
DELAYED ACTION SITUATION WILLIAMSON TURN will take the ship to the scene of the casualty most surely (When the ship has reached the manoeuvre commencement point, search speed must be reduced so as to enable fast stopping) SCHARNOW TURN cannot be carried out effectively unless the time elapsed between the occurrence of the casualty and the commencement of the manoeuvre is known.
MISSING PERSON SITUATION Both WILLIAMSON TURN and SCHARNOW TURN take ship back into her wake. Less distance is covered, and thus time is saved, with SCHARNOW TURN. When ship on opposite course after carrying out SCHARNOW TURN, the manoeuvre commencement point will be some ship's lengths behind her stern. Between one and two nautical miles may be saved. Standard man-overboard manoeuvres are not guaranteed to return a ship into its wake: should be regularly practiced to account for the particular ship characteristics and the effects of environmental conditions on the ship and the person in the water.
Comparison between Williamson and Scharnow For Scharnow: time between casualty and start of manuvre must be known
BOUTAKOV (WILLIAMSON) MANOEUVRE Remarks First heading change: between 40 and 70 depending on the ships manoeuvring characteristics (for VLCC: 40) Second heading change: 180 + value of first heading change Engine revs to be mofified after 2nd heading change Anticipate with counter-rudder due to momentum of the ship Effects of wind and current will alter the curve Stop the vessel ot windward of the victim
BOUTAKOV (WILLIAMSON) MANOEUVRE Advantage Auto-recovery Ideal with reduced visibility Disadvantages Great distance between victim and ship during the turn Victim pass behind the stern from Ps (Sb) to other side: lost from view The slowest MOB manuvre: between 6 and 12 minutes: victim remain 15 minutes in the water
SINGLE TURN
Remarks Immediate action manuvre Change of heading: between 250 and 300 due to the momentum of the ship Duration: between 4 and 7 minutes Revs to be modified at the end of the turn Trials recommanded Stop the vessel to windward of the victim
Williamson turn
versus
Single turn
Under favourable dailight conditions A simple round turn is the best way To get back to a man overboard in a Hurry.
SCHARNOW TURN Advantages Auto-recovery: ship is brought back on opposite course Victim always in view of rescue team on the bridge Time needed is shorter than Boutakov Disadvantage
ADDITIONAL MANOEUVRES
Double Turn
Advantages immediate action manoeuvre Recommanded whith limited initial speed Brings the ship faster on the scene
Disadvantages With single screw ships: transverse thrust will turn the ship Wind effects will alter the manuvre Only with motor ships / turbine ships are too slow to reverse Momentum of big ships
DOUBLE TURN
- Dutch variant:
- Start 2nd heading change when actual speed = initial speed
Some sources recommand this manuvre with beam winds Boutakov with stern winds
SINGLE DELAYED TURN This is an immediate action manoeuvre Procedure Ship keeps her initial heading for one mile Start of turning circle Stabilize vessel when new heading = initial heading + 180 + tangent of tactical diameter in miles Example: for a tactical diameter of 0,364 200 change of heading
MAN OVERBOARD Remarks always stops vessel at windward: stopped vessel drifts faster than man in water
OSCAR
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Will enhance moral of the victim
SECTOR SEARCH
SECTOR SEARCH
One single ship rescue Operation Recommanded for MOB manoeuvre Advantage Ship comes back very fast to initial starting position
Doubtful position