Nature of fibres and origin
Natural fibres
- Plant originAnimal originMineral origin
Man made fibres
-RegeneratedFully synthetic
Natural fibresFiber
, also spelled
fibre
, is a class of materials that are continuous filaments or are in discreteelongated pieces, similar to lengths of thread.
Vegetable fibres
are generally based on arrangements of cellulose, often with lignin: examplesinclude cotton, hemp, jute, flax, ramie, and sisal. Plant fibers are employed in the manufacture of paper and textile (cloth), and dietary fiber is an important component of human nutrition.
Animal fibers
consist largely of particular proteins. Instances are spider silk, sinew, catgut, wooland hair such as cashmere, mohair and angora, fur such as sheepskin, rabbit, mink, fox, beaver,etc.
Mineral fibers
comprise asbestos. Asbestos is the only naturally occurring long mineral fiber.Short, fiber-like minerals include wollastonite, attapulgite and halloysite.
Man made fibresSynthetic
or
man-made fibers
generally come from synthetic materials such as petrochemicals.But some types of synthetic fibers are manufactured from natural cellulose, including rayon,modal, and the more recently developed Lyocell. Cellulose-based fibers are of two types,regenerated or pure cellulose such as from the cupro-ammonium process and modified or derivitized cellulose such as the cellulose acetates.Fiber classification in reinforced plastics falls into two classes: (i) short fibers, also known asdiscontinuous fibers, with a general aspect ratio (defined as the ratio of fiber length to diameter) between 20 to 60, and (ii) long fibers, also known as continuous fibers, the general aspect ratio is between 200 to 500
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Regenerated fibres
are those fibres which are regenerated from nature example viscose, modal,lyocell.
Fully syntetic fibres
are those fibres which are fully manufatured from chemical productsexample nylon, polyester, acrylic, aramid, polyethylene
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