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Issue 31
October 2008
Climate change and displacement
I respse t grwig pressres  ladscapes ad livelihds,peple are mvig, cmmities are adaptig. We debate the
nrs, th dnitins and th dalitis – and th tnsin
betwee the eed fr research ad the eed t act.
FORFREEDISTRIBUTION ONLY 
Plus articles on:
Darfr, Checha, recver
and th rl f law, trafckin,
 HIV/AIDS services i Egpt,satellite imager, witchcraft…
 
 
In his article on page 47 of this issue, Craig Johnstone, Deputy High Commissionerof UNHCR, says that “Our generation has failed to live up to its obligationsto prevent climate change. We need urgently to prepare now for the humanconsequences of climate change.” One of those consequences is the displacementof people from their homes, whether temporarily or permanently. Researchersand politicians may argue about the numbers likely to be forced to move but allconcur about the need for preparation, adaptation, mitigation – and collaboration.We hope that all readers will be challenged, inspired and informed by the articles inthis FMR.This issue is online at www.fmreview.org/climatechange.htm. If you would liketo receive multiple copies for distribution to partners or for use in training, pleasecontact us at fmr@qeh.ox.ac.uk. We will need your full postal address and anindication of how many copies (in which language/s) you require.
We are very grateful to Andrew Morton of UNEP and Sco Leckie of Displacement
Solutions for working with us as special advisors on this issue. We would also liketo thank the following agencies for their generous funding and support: the United
Nations Environment Programme, the Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Aairs,
GTZ/German Federal Ministry for Economic Co-operation and Development, the
UN Oce for the Coordination of Humanitarian Aairs and the International
Centre for Migration, Health and Development.We also wish to take this opportunity to thank all those who have contributed fundsto support FMR during 2008. FMR is wholly dependent on external funding and
we are deeply appreciative of both your nancial support and your enthusiastic
collaboration. (Please see page 79 for a list of FMR donors.) If you have ideas forthemes for future FMR issues that your agency or department might be willing to
support nancially, please do contact the Editors.
Website relaunch
With this issue of FMR we are relaunching the FMR website. We hope you nd the
new website – still at www.fmreview.org – easier to navigate and more informative.
We will also shortly be puing online an index of FMR articles, searchable by
country and theme.
Readership survey
A short questionnaire is enclosed for those of you who are regular readers of FMR.Please share with us your views about FMR and how we might improve it. Wewould be extremely grateful if you would take a few minutes to complete it andpost it back to us by the end of November. Alternatively you can complete it onlineat www.fmreview.org/2008survey.htm. Thank you!With best wishes.Marion Couldrey & Maurice HersonEditors
Forthcoming issues
October 2008: a 12-page supplement in Arabic and English on Islam, human
■
rights and displacement. To request a copy, please email fmr@qeh.ox.ac.ukDecember 2008: a 32-page special issue on the 10th Anniversary
■
of the Guiding Principles, in English, Arabic, French and Spanish.This will be posted to all regular readers of FMR. January 2009: FMR32 with feature on statelessness:
■
see www.fmreview.org/statelessness.htm.May 2009: FMR33 with feature on protracted displacement
■
situations. The call for articles is at www.fmreview.org/protracted.htm. Deadline for submission of articles is 19 January.… and we welcome your suggestions for future themes for FMR.
Forced Migration Review
Forced Migration Review (FMR) providesa forum for the regular exchange of practical experience, information andideas between researchers, refugeesand internally displaced people,and those who work with them. It ispublished in English, Arabic, Spanishand French by the Refugee StudiesCentre, University of Oxford. FMR waslaunched in 1998 in partnership with the Norwegian Refugee Council.
Editors
Marion Couldrey & Maurice Herson
Assistant Editor (Arabic edition)
Musab Hayatli
Coordinator
Heidi El-Megrisi
Assistant
Sharon Ellis
Forced Migration Review
Refugee Studies CentreOxford Department of InternationalDevelopment, University of Oxford,
3 Manseld Road, Oxford OX1 3TB, UK
Email:
fmr@qeh.ox.ac.uk
Tel: +44 (0)1865 280700Fax: +44 (0)1865 270721
Skype: fmreview
Website
www.fmreview.org 
Copyright and disclaimer
Opinions in FMR do not necessarily reect
 the views of the Editors, the RefugeeStudies Centre or the University of Oxford. Any FMR print or online materialmay be freely reproduced, provided thatacknowledgement is given to the sourceand, where possible, the FMR URL and/or
 the article-specic URL. We welcome
comments on the content and layoutof FMR – please email, write or use thefeedback form on our homepage.
Designed by
Art24www.art-24.co.u
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Printed by
Image Productionwww.imageproduction.co.uk
ISO 14001 certiedISSN 1460-9819
Front cover photo:
Adapted from an illustration by StanislavAshmarin Ashmarincartoon@yandex.ruPhoto on computer screen: Sudanese
refugees, Ethiopia. UNHCR/N Behring.
   S   t   e  v   e   E   l   l   i   o   t   t
from the editors of 
 
Climate change and displacement
Foreword
Achim Steiner
4The need for collaboration
John Holmes
4Human security policy challenges
Andrew Morton, Philippe Boncour and Frank Laczko
5The numbers game
Oli Brown
8
Dening ‘environmental migration’
Olivia Dun and François Gemenne
10
Drowned in denitions?
Maria Stavropoulou
11Field observations and empirical research
Koko Warner, Olivia Dun and Marc Stal
13Central Asia
François Gemenne and Philip Reuchlin
14Ghana
Kees van der Geest and Richard de Jeu
16Gaps in IDP protection
Khalid Koser
17Human rights implications
Scott Leckie
18Island evacuation
Ilan Kelman
20
Social and political contexts of conict
William A V Clark
22Social breakdown in Darfur
Scott Edwards
23Mobile indigenous peoples
Troy Sternberg and Dawn Chatty
25Water – new challenges
Aidan A Cronin, Dinesh Shrestha and Paul Spiegel
26Rural-urban migration in Ethiopia
James Morrissey
28
Alaskan communities’ rights and resilience
Robin Bronen
30Health challenges
Manuel Carballo, Chelsea B Smith and Karen Pettersson
32Pastoralists in Kenya
Mohamed Adow
34Disasters and what to do about them
Reid Basher
35Internal displacement in Nigeria
Ujah Oliver Chinedu
37Disaster risk mitigation – why human rights matter
Walter Kälin and Claudine Haenni Dale
38What humanitarians need to do
Jenty Kirsch-Wood, Jacob Korreborg and Anne-Marie Linde
40Asking the right questions
David Stone
42Hotspots – predictions and action
Jock Baker, Charles Ehrhart and David Stone
44No regrets
Vikram Odedra Kolmannskog 
46The future is now
Craig L Johnstone
47Adaptation and cooperation
Britta Heine and Lorenz Petersen
48Kiribati – relocation and adaptation
Maryanne Loughry and Jane McAdam
51Palau – coral reef protection
Jesse Cameron-Glickenhaus
52Community-led adaptation in Bangladesh
James Pender
54What it means for women
Women’s Environment and Development Organization
56Communicating changing risks
Maarten van Aalst
57Predictive modelling
Christopher Smith, Dominic Kniveton, Sharon Woodand Richard Black
58A global research agenda
Koko Warner and Frank Laczko
59
Changing climate, changing policies?
Dhananjayan Sriskandarajah
61Legal and normative frameworks
Roger Zetter
62
FMR 31 contents
   I   n   t   r   o   d  u   c   t   i   o   n
   N  u   m   b   e   r   s ,   d   e      n   i   t   i   o   n   s   a   n   d   o   b   s   e   r  v   a   t   i   o   n   s
   A   d   a   p   t   a   t   i   o   n   a   n   d   e   m   p   o  w   e   r   m   e   n   t   I   m   p   a   c   t   s   a   n   d   c   o   n   s   e   q  u   e   n   c   e   s
   F   r   a   m   e  w   o   r   k   s   a   n   d   r   e   s   p   o   n   s   e   s   L   o   o   k   i   n   g   t   o   t   h   e   f  u   t  u   r   e
General articles
Recovery and the rule of law: what have we learned?
Kathleen Cravero
64Protecting human rights in Darfur
Maarten Barends
66
Human trafcking: beyond the Protocol
Sergei Martynov
68HIV/AIDS services for refugees in Egypt
Anna Popinchalk
69International refugee law in Mexico
Axel García
71Satellite imagery in use
Einar Bjorgo, Francesco Pisano, Joshua Lyons and Holger Heisig 
72Witchcraft and displacement
Jeff Crisp
74Reproductive health in emergencies: new initiatives,renewed commitment
Claire Tebbets
75IDPs from Chechnya in the Russian Federation
Nadine Walicki
78Watch the wind
 
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