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For a complete set of online Algebra notes visithttp://t uto ri al .math.la mar.edu.
\u00a9 2005 Paul Dawkins
Algebra Cheat Sheet
Basic Properties & Facts
Arithmetic Operations
(
)
,
0
b
ab
ab ac a b c
ac
c
a
a
a
ac
b
b
c
bc
b
c
a c ad bc
a c ad bc
b d
bd
b d
bd
ab ba
ab a b
cd dc
c
c c
a
ab ac
ad
b
b ca
c
a
bc
d
\u00e6 \u00f6
+ =
+
=
\u00e7 \u00f7
\u00e8 \u00f8
\u00e6 \u00f6
\u00e7 \u00f7
\u00e8 \u00f8=
=
\u00e6 \u00f6
\u00e7 \u00f7
\u00e8 \u00f8
+
-
+ =
- =
-
-
+
=
= +
-
-
\u00e6 \u00f6
\u00e7 \u00f7
+
\u00e8 \u00f8
= +
\u00b9
=
\u00e6 \u00f6
\u00e7 \u00f7
\u00e8 \u00f8
Exponent Properties
( )
( )
( )( )
1
1
0
1
1,
0
1
1n
m
m
m
n
n m
n m
n m
m
m n
m
n
nm
n
n
n
n n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
a
a a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
ab
a b
b
b
a
a
a
a
a
b
b
a
a
a
b
a
a
+
-
-
-
-
-
=
=
=
=
=
\u00b9
\u00e6 \u00f6
=
=
\u00e7 \u00f7
\u00e8 \u00f8
=
=
\u00e6\u00f6 \u00e6\u00f6
=
=
=
=
\u00e7\u00f7 \u00e7\u00f7
\u00e8\u00f8 \u00e8\u00f8
Properties of Radicals
1
, if is odd
, if is even
n
n
n
n
n
n
mn
nm
n
n
n
n
n
n
a a
ab
a b
a
a
a
a
b
b
a
a
n
a
a
n
=
=
=
=
==
Properties of Inequalities
If
then
and
If
and
0 then
and
If
and
0 then
and
a b
a c b c
a c b c
a b
a b
c
ac bc
c c
a b
a b
c
ac bc
c c
<
+ < +
- < -
<
>
<
<
<
<
>
>
Properties of Absolute Value
if
0
if
0
a
a
a
a
a
\u00b3
\u00ec
=\u00ed-
<
\u00ee
0
Triangle Inequality
a
a a
a
a
ab ab
b
b
ab a b
\u00b3
- =
=
=
+\u00a3 +
Distance Formula
If
(
)
1
1
1
,
P
x y
=
and
(
)
2
2
2
,
P
x y
=
are two
points the distance between them is
(
) (
) (
)
2
2
1
2
2
1
2
1
,
d PP
x x
y
y
=
-
+ -
Complex Numbers
(
) (
)
(
)
(
) (
)
(
)
(
)(
)
(
)
(
)(
)
(
)
(
)(
)
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
,
0
Complex Modulus
Complex Conjugate
i
i
a ia a
a bi
c di
a c b di
a bi
c di
a c b di
a bi c di
ac bd
ad bc i
a bi a bi
a b
a bi
a b
a bi
a bi
a bi a bi
a bi
= -
=-
- =
\u00b3
+ ++ =++ +
+- + =-+ -
+
+ =-+
+
+
- =+
+ =
+
+ =-
+
+ =+
For a complete set of online Algebra notes visithttp://t uto ri al .math.la mar.edu.
\u00a9 2005 Paul Dawkins
Logarithms and Log Properties
Definition
log
is equivalent to
y
b
y
x
x b
=
=
Example
3
5
log 125 3 because 5 125
=
=
Special Logarithms
10
ln
log
natural log
log
log
common log
e
x
x
x
x
==
where
2.718281828
e=
K
Logarithm Properties
( )
( )
log
log
1
log 1 0
log
log
log
log
log
log
log
log
log
b
b
b
x
x
b
r
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
bb
x
b
x
x
r
x
xy
x
y
x
x
y
y=
=
=
=
==
+
\u00e6 \u00f6=
-
\u00e7 \u00f7
\u00e8 \u00f8
The domain of logbx is
0
x>
Factoring and Solving
Factoring Formulas
(
)(
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
)(
)
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
x a
x a x a
x
ax a
x a
x
ax a
x a
x
a b x ab
x a x b
- = +
-
+
+ = +
- +=-
+ +
+ =+
+
(
)
(
)
(
)(
)
(
)(
)
3
3
2
2
3
3
3
2
2
3
3
3
2
2
3
3
2
2
3
3
3
3
x
ax
ax a
x a
x
ax
ax a
x a
x a
x a x ax a
x a
x a x ax a
+
+
+ = +
-
+
- = -
+ = +
- +
- = -
+ +
(
)(
)
2
2
n
n
n
n
n
n
x
a
x a
x a
- = -
+
Ifn is odd then,
(
)(
)
(
)(
)
1
2
1
1
2
2
3
1
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
x a
x a x
ax
a
x a
x a x
ax
a x
a
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-= -
+
+ +
+
= +
-
+
- +
L
L
Quadratic Formula
Solve
2
0
ax bx c
+ +=,
0
a\u00b9
2
4
2
b
b
ac
x
a
- \u00b1
-
=
If
2
4
0
b
ac
-
> - Two real unequal solns.
If
2
4
0
b
ac
-
= - Repeated real solution.
If
2
4
0
b
ac
-
< - Two complex solutions.
Square Root Property
If
2
x
p
=thenx
p
=\u00b1
Absolute Value Equations/Inequalities
Ifb is a positive number
or
or
p b
p
b
p b
p b
b pb
p b
p
b
p b
=
\u00de
=-
=
<
\u00de
-< <
>
\u00de
<-
>
Completing the Square
Solve
2
2
6 10 0
x
x
- - =
(1) Divide by the coefficient of the
2
x
2
3 50
x
x
- -=
(2) Move the constant to the other side.
2
3
5
x
x
- =
(3) Take half the coefficient ofx, square
it and add it to both sides
2
2
2
3
3
9 29
3
5
5
2
2
4
4
x
x\u00e6 \u00f6
\u00e6 \u00f6
- +-
= +-
=+ =
\u00e7 \u00f7
\u00e7 \u00f7
\u00e8 \u00f8
\u00e8 \u00f8
(4) Factor the left side2
3
29
2
4
x
\u00e6
\u00f6
-
=
\u00e7
\u00f7
\u00e8
\u00f8
(5) Use Square Root Property
3
29
29
2
4
2
x- =\u00b1
=\u00b1
(6) Solve forx
3
29
2
2
x= \u00b1
of 00

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