Next

Ni dung
Back
Khoa in
b mn thit b in
Bi ging my in
Nguyn Th Thu Hng
Trng i hc k thut cng nghip thi nguyn
Next
Ni dung
Back
Khoa in
b mn thit b in
Bi ging my in
Phn 1: My in mt chiu
Phn 2: My bin p
Trng i hc k thut cng nghip thi nguyn
Phn m u
Bi ging my in
My in
My in tnh My in quay
My bin p My in mt
chiu
My in xoay
chiu
ng c mt
chiu
My pht mt
chiu
My in
khng ng
b
My in
ng b
My pht
khng ng
b
ng c
khng ng
b
ng c ng
b
My pht ng
b
Next
Ni dung
Back
Bi ging my in
MF
H
tiu
th
MBA MBA
1. Vai tr ca cc loi my in trong nn kinh t quc
dn:
2. Khi nim, phn loi v phng php nghin cu my
in:
a, i cng v my in:
- Nguyn l lm vic ca my in da trn c s ca nh
lut cm ng in t. S bin i nng lng trong my in
c thc hin thng qua t trng trong n. to c nhng t
trng mnh v tp trung, ngi ta dng vt liu st t lm mch
t.
my bin p mch t l mt li thp ng yn. Cn
trong cc my in quay, mch t gm hai li thp ng trc:
mt quay, mt ng yn v cch nhau bng mt khe h.
b, Phng php nghin cu my
in:
Next
Ni dung
Back
Bi ging my in
3. S lc v vt liu ch to my in:
Gm c vt liu tc dng, vt liu kt cu v vt liu
cch in.
Vt liu tc dng: bao gm vt liu dn in v dn t
dng ch to dy qun v li st.
Vt liu cch in: dng cch in cc b phn dn
in vi cc b phn khc ca my v cch in cc l thp
ca li st.
Vt liu kt cu: ch to cc chi tit my v cc b phn
chu lc c gii nh trc, v my, khung my.
S lc c tnh ca vt liu dn t, dn in v cch
in dng trong ch to my in.
a, Vt liu dn t:
b, Vt liu dn in:
c, Vt liu cch in:
Cp cch in Y A E B F H
C
Nhit (
0
C) 90 105 120 130 155 180
>180
Phn 1: My in mt chiu
Chng 1 : Nguyn l lm vic - kt cu c bn
Chng 2 : Dy qun My in mt chiu
Chng 3 : Cc quan h in t trong my
Chng 4 : T trng trong my in mt chiu
Chng 5 : i chiu
Chng 6 : My pht in mt chiu
Chng 7 : ng c mt chiu
Chng 8 : My in mt chiu c bit
Next
Ni dung
Back
Bi ging my in
Chng 1:
Nguyn l lm vic- kt cu c bn
Bi ging my in
Next
Ni dung
Back
1.1: Cu to ca my in mt chiu
1.2: Nguyn l lm vic
1-3: cc lng nh mc
1.1: Cu to ca my in mt chiu
1. Phn tnh (Stato):
Next
Chng I
Back
a) Cc t
chnh: (L b
phn sinh
ra t thng
kch thch)
b) Cc t ph:
t gia cc cc t chnh, dng ci thin i
chiu.
c) Gng t (v my):
d) Cc b phn khc:
Np my: Bo v an ton cho ngi v thit b.
C cu chi than: a dng in t phn quay ra
mch ngoi.
Phn I: my in mt chiu
Cc t chnh
Dy qun cc t ph
Dy qun cc t chnh
Cc t ph
Next
Chng I
Back
my in mt chiu
phn cm ng c in mt chiu
Cc t
v
Bu lng
Cun dy
phn cm ng c in mt chiu
Bu lng cc t
cun dy

v

2. Phn ng (Rto):
a) Li st phn ng: Dng dn t.
+) Vi cc my cng sut va v ln ngi ta dp l
thng gi dc trc.
+) Vi cc my in cng sut ln cn x rnh thng
gi ngang trc.
b) Dy qun phn ng: L phn sinh
ra sc in ng v c dng in
chy qua.
+) Dy qun thng lm bng ng c
bc cch in. trnh khi quay dy
qun b vng ra ming rnh thng c
nm cht bng tre, g php v u
dy qun thng c ai cht.
+) Vi cc M cng sut nh dy qun
c tit din trn, cn my c cng sut
va v ln dy qun c tit din hnh
ch nht.
Nm
Cch
in
rnh

Dy
qu
n
Li st
Rnh
L thng gi dc trc
Next
Chng I
Back
my in mt chiu
phn ng ng c in mt chiu
C gp
dy qun
li thp
trc
phn ng ng c in mt chiu
C gp
cun dy
li thp
trc
c) Vnh i chiu (Vnh
gp):
Dng bin i dng xoay
chiu thnh dng mt chiu.
Phin gp

d) Cc b phn khc:
Cnh qut: Dng lm mt.
Trc my: gn li st phn ng, c gp, cnh qut v
bi. Trc lm bng thp cc bon tt.
Next
Chng I
Back
my in mt chiu
1.2: Nguyn l lm vic
Phn tnh: Gm 1 h thng t
c 2 cc N v S.
1. Nguyn l lm vic ch my
pht:
Next
Chng I
Back
my in mt chiu
Phn ng: Gm khung dy
abcd (1phn t dy qun).
d
b
a
c
e
I
e
F
t

F
t

I b
d
c
a
U
+
-
n
R
t

S
N
A
B
Theo nh lut cm ng in t: tr s sc in ng
trong tng thanh dn ab v cd c xc nh: e = B.l.v
Trong : B l tr s cm ng t ni dy dn qut qua
l l chiu di thanh dn nm trong t trng.
v l vn tc di ca thanh dn.
t

t

Khi mch ngoi c ti th ta c: U = E - IR

Trong : E l sc in ng ca my pht.
IR l st p trn khung dy abcd
U l in p gia 2 u cc
Khi vng dy s chu 1 lc tc dng gi l lc t:
F
t
= B.I.l
Tng ng ta s c m men in t: M
t
= F
t
.D/2.= B.I.l.D/2

T hnh v ta thy ch my pht M
t
ngc vi chiu
quay phn ng nn n c gi l M hm.
Next
Chng I
Back
my in mt chiu
Sc in ng v dng xoay chiu
cm ng trong thanh dn c chnh
lu thnh sc in ng v dng 1
chiu nh h thng vnh gp chi
than.Ta c th biu din sc in
ng v dng in trong thanh dn v
mch ngoi nh hnh v:
N

S

F, Mt

n

Nh vy: ch ng c th U

> E

cn ch
my pht th U < E

Next
Chng I
Back
my in mt chiu
ch ng c M
t
cng chiu vi
chiu quay phn ng gi l mmen
quay.
Nu in p t vo ng c l U
th ta c: U = E + IR

2. Nguyn l lm vic ch ng c:
N

S

F, M
t

n

my in mt chiu
Next
Chng I
Back
1-3: cc lng nh mc
1. Cng sut nh mc: P
m
- Ti ca M ng vi tng nhit cho php ca my theo
iu kin lc thit k c quy nh l cng sut nh
mc ca my.
- Cng sut nh mc u c tnh u ra ca my.
2. Cc i lng nh mc khc:
- Cc tr s in p, dng in, tc quay, h s cng
sut... ng vi P
m
u l cc tr s nh mc.
Chng 2:
Dy qun My in mt chiu
2.1. Nhim v, cu to, phn loi
2.2. Dy qun xp n
2.3. Dy qun xp phc tp
2.4. Dy qun sng n gin
2.5. Dy qun sng phc tp
2.6. Dy cn bng in th
Next
Phn I
Back
my in mt chiu
2.1: Nhim v - cu to - phn loi
1. Nhim v ca dy qun phn ng:
- Sinh ra c 1 sc in ng cn thit, c th cho 1 dng
in nht nh chy qua m khng b nng qu 1 nhit
nht nh sinh ra 1 mmen cn thit ng thi m
bo i chiu tt, cch in tt, lm vic chc chn, an
ton. Tit kim vt liu, kt cu n gin.
2. Cu to ca dy qun phn ng:
- Dy qun phn ng gm nhiu phn
t ni vi nhau theo 1 quy lut nht
nh.
- Phn t dy qun l 1 bi dy gm 1
hay nhiu vng dy m 2 u ca n
ni vo 2 phin gp.
- Cc phn t ni vi nhau thng qua 2
phin gp v lm thnh cc mch
vng kn.
u ni
Cnh tc dng
Next Back
my in mt chiu
Chng 2
Nu trong 1 rnh phn ng (rnh
thc) ch t 2 cnh tc dng (dy qun
2 lp) th rnh gi l rnh nguyn t.
Nu trong 1 rnh thc c 2u cnh tc dng
vi u = 1,2,3... th rnh thc chia thnh
u rnh nguyn t.
u=1
u=2
u=3
Quan h gia rnh thc Z v rnh nguyn t Z
nt
: Z
nt
= u.Z
Quan h gia s phn t ca dy qun S v s phin gp
G: S = G.
Z
nt
= S = G
3. Phn loi:
- Theo cch thc hin dy qun:
+ Dy qun xp n v xp phc tp.
+ Dy qun sng n v sng phc tp.
Next
Chng 2
Back
my in mt chiu
+ Trong 1 s trng hp cn dng c dy qun hn hp: kt
hp c dy qun xp v sng.
Dng xp
Dng sng
- Theo kch thc cc phn t: dy qun c phn t ng
u v dy qun theo cp.
4. Cc bc dy qun:
- Bc dy qun th nht y
1
:
- Bc dy qun th hai y
2
:
- Bc dy tng hp y :
- Bc vnh gp y
G
:
Next
Chng 2
Back
my in mt chiu
Dy qun c phn
t ng u
Dy qun c phn
t theo cp
2.2: Dy qun xp n
1. Bc cc v cc bc dy qun:
a) Bc cc t: L chiu di phn ng di 1 cc
D l ng knh phn ng
t l bc cc
p l s i cc
b) Cc bc dy qun: Bc dy qun th nht y
1
: y
1
= c
p 2
Z
nt
Trong : c l 1 s hoc phn s y
1
l 1 s nguyn.
+ Nu y
1
= ta c dy qun bc .

+ Nu y
1
> ta c dy qun bc di.

+ Nu y
1
< ta c dy qun bc
ngn.
p 2
Z
nt
p 2
Z
nt
p 2
Z
nt
Next
Chng 2
Back
1 2 3
y
1

y y
2
my in mt chiu
t =
[cm..]
p
D .
-
2
t
t = [rnh ng.
t]
p
Z
nt
2
2. S khai trin:
Khai trin dy qun xp n MMC c Z
nt
= S = G = 16, 2p = 4.
- Bc dy qun tng hp v bc vnh gp:
c im ca dy qun xp n l 2 u ca
1 phn t ni vo 2 phin gp k nhau nn y
G
= y = 1.
a) Tnh cc bc dy qun:
y
1
= c = = 4 (Bc ) y
2
= y
1
- y = 4 -1 = 3.
y = y
G
= 1.
p 2
Z
nt
4
16
b)Th t ni cc phn t:
Cn c vo cc bc dy qun ta c th b tr cch ni cc
phn t thc hin dy qun.
Next
Chng 2
Back
- Bc dy qun th hai y
2
: Trong dy qun xp n: y
1
= y
2

+ y y
2
= y
1
- y.
my in mt chiu
+y
1
- Gi s ti thi im kho st phn t 1 nm trn ng trung
tnh hnh hc ( l ng thng trn b mt phn ng m
dc theo n cm ng t bng 0).
- V tr ca cc cc t trn hnh v phi i xng nhau, khong
cch gia chng phi u nhau. Chiu rng cc t bng 0,7 b-
c cc.V tr ca chi than trn phin i chiu cng phi
i xng, khong cch gia cc chi than phi bng nhau.
Chiu rng chi than ly bng 1 phin i chiu.
- Yu cu chi than phi t v tr dng in trong
phn t khi b chi than ngn mch l nh nht v sc in
ng ly ra 2 u chi than l ln nht. Nh vy chi than
phi t trn trung tnh hnh hc v trc chi than trng vi
trc cc t.
Khai trin
Lp trn
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 1
5 6 7
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 1 2 3 4
Lp di
c) Gin khai trin:
my in mt chiu
S N
S N
16 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
1
2
3
4
5 6 7
8
9 10
11
12
13 14 15 16
A
1
+
A +
A
2
+ B
1
-
B -
B
2
-
n
S khai trin dy qun MMC
Dy qun xp n c Z
nt
= S = G = 16, 2p = 4.
Next
Chng 2
Back
my in mt chiu
3.Xc nh s i mch nhnh: A
1
B
2
A
2
B
1
(-)
Nhn t ngoi vo dy qun phn
ng c th biu th bng s
sau:
- Ta thy: dy qun phn ng l 1 mch in gm 4 mch
nhnh song song hp li. (Mch nhnh song song l phn
dy qun nm gia 2 chi in c cc tnh khc nhau).
Nu my c 2p cc th s c 2p mch nhnh song song.
Kt lun:
- Trong dy qun xp n gin th s mch nhnh song
song bng s cc t hay s i mch nhnh song song bng
s i cc : a = p
- Nu dy qun xp tho mn 2 iu kin: chi than nm
trn ng trung tnh hnh hc v h thng mch t i
xng th sc in ng cc nhnh bng nhau v t gi tr
ln nht.
Next
Chng 2
Back
(+)
my in mt chiu
2-3: dy qun xp phc tp
1. Bc dy qun:
c im ca dy qun xp phc tp l y
G
= m (m = 2,
3, 4...). Thng thng ch dng m = 2. Trong nhng my cng
sut tht ln mi dng m > 2.
Khi m = 2 = y
G
:
- Nu s rnh nguyn t v s phn t l chn
th ta c 2 dy qun xp n c lp.
- Nu s rnh nguyn t v s phn t l ta c 2
dy qun xp n nhng khng c lp m ni
tip nhau thnh 1 mch kn.
Nh vy c th coi dy qun xp phc tp gm m dy qun
xp n lm vic song song nh chi than. V chi than phi
c b rng > m ln phin gp mi c th ly in ra.
Next
Chng 2
Back
my in mt chiu
y
1
y y
2
1 2 3 4 5
2. S khai trin:
Dy qun xp phc tp c: y
G
= m = 2; 2p = 4; Z
nt
= S = G =
24.
a) Cc bc dy qun: y
2
= y
1
- y = 6 - 2 =
4

y
G
= y = 2
6
4
24
p 2
Z
y
1
= = =
b) Th t ni cc phn t:
Next
Chng 2
Back
Khp kn
+y
1

Khp kn
Lp trn 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 2
1
23 1
7
9 11 13
15 17 19 2
1
23
Lp di
1 3 5
+y
1

Lp trn 2 4 6 8
10 12 14 16 18 20 2
2
24 2
8
10 12 14 16 18 20 2
2
24 Lp di 2 4 6
my in mt chiu
Gin khai trin dy qun MMC
Dy qun xp phc tp y
G
= m = 2; 2p = 4; Z
nt
= S = G = 24.
N S S N
Next
Chng 2
Back
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
n
A
1
+ B
1
-
A + B -
A
2
+
B
2
-
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Cc t v chi in nh dy qun xp n. Ch khc l b
rng chi in > 2 ln phin gp c th ly in ng
thi 2 dy qun ra.
my in mt chiu
Dy qun xp phc tp do m dy qun xp n cng u
chung chi than do s i mch nhnh song song ca dy
qun : a = m.p.
2-4: dy qun sng n
1. Bc dy qun:
y
1
= c.

Dy qun sng n khc vi dy qun xp
n y
G
.
p 2
Z
nt
Next
Chng 2
Back
Mun cho khi qun xong vng th nht u cui ca phn
t th p phi k vi u u ca phn t u tin th s
phin i chiu m cc phn t vt qua phi l: p.y
G
= G
1 y
G
= (G l s phin gp).
Du (+) ng vi dy qun phi. Du (-) ng vi dy qun
tri.
p
1 G
y
1
= c.
y
2
= y - y
1
= y
G
- y
1
.
y = y
G
=
p 2
Z
nt
p
1 G
my in mt chiu
y
1
y
2

y
2. S khai trin:
Khai trin dy qun sng n c Z
nt
= S = G = 15; 2p = 4
a) Bc dy qun:
y
1
= c = - = 3 (bc ngn) . y
2
= y - y
1
= 7 - 3
= 4.

y = y
G
= = = 7 (dy qun tri)
4
15
4
3
2
1 15
p 2
Z
nt
p
1 G
Next
Chng 2
Back
b) Th t ni cc phn t:
+y
1

Lp trn 1 8 15 17 14 6 13 5 12
4
11 3 10
4 11 3 10 2 9 1 8 15 Lp di 7 14 6
2 9
13
5
1
12
+y
2

my in mt chiu
S N
S N
Gin khai trin dy qun MMC
Dy qun sng n c Z
nt
= S = G = 15; 2p = 4
Next
Chng 2
Back
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11
12 13 14 15
B
2
-
A
2
+
B -
B
1
-
A +
A
1
+
1 2
3 4
5
6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
n
Quy lut ni dy ca dy qun sng n l ni tip tt c
cc phn t di cc cc c cng cc tnh li ri ni vi cc phn
t di cc cc c cc tnh khc cho n ht.
my in mt chiu
Dy qun sng n ch c 1 i mch nhnh song
song: a = 1.
2-5: dy qun sng phc tp
1. Bc dy qun: Tng t nh vi dy qun sng n.
Ring bc vnh gp: y
G

p
m G
=
2. S khai
trin:
a) Tnh bc dy qun: y
1
= c = = 4 (dy qun bc
ngn)

y
G
= 8 = y; y
2
= y - y
1
= 8 - 4 = 4.
p 2
Z
nt
4
2
4
18

2
2 18
p
m G
=

=
b) Th t ni cc phn t:
m = 2; 2p = 4; Z
nt
= S = 18.
Next Back
Khp kn
Khp kn
+y
1

Lp trn 1 9 17
7 15 5 13 3 11
1
5
13 3 11 1 9 17 7
15
Lp di
+y
1

Lp trn 2 10 18
8
16 6 14 4 12 2
6
14 4 12 2 10 18 8 16
Lp di
+y
2

+y
2

my in mt chiu
Gin khai trin dy qun MMC
Dy qun sng phc tp c: m = 2; 2p = 4; Z
nt
= S = 18
Next
Chng 2
Back
N S S N
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
1 2
3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
17
18
n
B
2
-
A
2
+
B -
B
1
-
A +
A
1
+
my in mt chiu
Dy qun sng phc tp gm m dy qun sng n hp
li do s i mch nhnh song song ca dy qun sng
phc tp: a = m.
Next
Chng 2
Back
2.6: Dy cn bng in th
1.iu kin dy qun i xng:
- Dy qun MMC tng ng nh 1 mch in gm 1 s nhnh
song song ghp li. Mi nhnh gm 1 s phn t ni tip
nhau.
- Dy qun phi m bo 1 s yu cu sau:
+ m bo v cm ng t: H thng mch t phi c
cu to i xng, t thng cc cc nh nhau.
+ iu kin v dy qun: Tt c cc dy qun to
thnh mch nhnh phi tng ng nhau v s phn t ca cc
nhnh cng phi tng ng.
- iu kin bnh thng: sc in ng sinh ra trong cc
mch nhnh song song bng nhau, dng in phn b u
trong cc nhnh.
my in mt chiu
- Dy cn bng in th lm mt s khng i xng
ca mch t trong M cn bng in th cc mch
nhnh ca dy qun xp nm di cc cc t c cng cc
tnh c gi l dy cn bng loi 1. Bc th y
t
bng s
phin i chiu di mi i cc:
y
t
=
a
G
p
G
=
- Dy cn bng lm mt s phn b khng i xng
ca in p trn vnh gp gi l dy cn bng loi 2.

Bc th: y
t
=
a
G
a
S
=
2. Dy cn bng in th loi 1:
3. Dy cn bng loi 2:
Next
Chng 2
Back
my in mt chiu
Chng 3:
Cc quan h in t trong my
3.1: Sc in ng dy qun phn ng
3.2: M men in t - cng sut in t
3.3: Cn bng nng lng - tn hao
- hiu sut
Next
Phn I
Back
my in mt chiu
3.1: Sc in ng dy qun phn ng
Sc in ng trung bnh cm ng trong 1 thanh dn
c chiu di l, chuyn ng vi vn tc v trong t trng
bng: e
tb
= B
tb
.l.v
t l bc cc
D l ng knh phn ng.
p l s i cc.
n l tc quay phn
ng(v/pht)
u
o
: t thng khe h di mi cc t (Wb)
Next
Chng 3
Back
60
n
p 2
60
n D
.
. .
-
t =
t
l t
u
o
v =
B
tb
=
l t
u
o
60
n
p 2 . t
60
n
p 2 . .
o
u
e
tb
= .l. =
Nu gi N l tng s thanh dn ca dy qun th mi
mch nhnh song song s c thanh dn ni tip nhau. Nh
vy sc in ng ca my:
a 2
N
E =
Trong : C
e
= l h s ph thuc kt cu my v dy
qun.
a 2
N
n
a 60
pN
. .
o
u
a 60
pN
.e
tb

=
Hay E = C
e
.u
o
.n (V)
my in mt chiu
3.2. M men in t - cng sut in t
1. Mmen in t:
Khi M lm vic trong dy qun phn
ng s c dng in chy qua. Tc dng
ca t trng ln dy dn c dng in
chy qua s sinh ra mmen in t trn
trc my. - Lc in t tc dng ln tng thanh dn:
f = B
tb
.l.i
M = B
tb
. .l.N. .
a 2
I
-
2
D
-
Thay D = v B
tb
= ta c:
t
t p 2
l . t
u
o
M = . .l.N. = .u
o
.I = C
M
. u
o
.I (Nm)
l . t
u
o
a 2
I
-
t
t
2
p 2
t a 2
pN
Next Back
Gi N l tng s thanh dn ca dy qun v dng trong
mch nhnh l: i

= I

/2a th mmen in t tc dng ln dy

qun phn ng l:
Trong : C
M
= l h s ph thuc kt cu
my.
t a 2
pN
u
o
l t thng di mi cc t (Wb).
my in mt chiu
S
n
M
B
o
B
otb
t
2. Cng sut in t:
Cng sut ng vi mmen in t (ly vo vi my pht v
a ra vi ng c) gi l cng sut in t: P
t
= M.e
e = l tc gc phn ng.

60
n 2t
t a 2
pN
60
n 2t
a 60
pN
- Trong ch my pht: M ngc chiu quay vi phn ng
nn ng vai tr l mmen hm. My chuyn cng sut c
(M.e) thnh cng sut in (EI).
- Trong ch ng c: M c tc dng lm quay phn ng
cng chiu vi chiu quay phn ng. My chuyn cng
sut in (EI) thnh cng sut c (M.e)
Next
Chng 3
Back

P
t
= .u
o
.I . = .n.u
o
.I = E . I

my in mt chiu
1. Tn hao trong MMC:
3.3: Cn bng nng lng - tn hao - hiu sut
a) Tn hao c(
p
c
):
b) Tn hao st
(p
Fe
):
c) Tn hao ng (p
cu
):

Gm 2 phn:
- Tn hao ng trn mch phn ng: p
cu.
= I
2
R
Vi: R = r + r
b
+ r
f
+ r
tx
; (r : in tr dy qun phn
ng;
r
f
: in tr cc t ph; r
b
: in tr dy qun b;
r
tx
: in tr tip xc chi than.)
- Tn hao ng trn mch kch thch:
(Bao gm tn hao ng ca dy qun kch thch v ca
in tr iu chnh trong mch kch thch): p
cu.kt
= U
kt
I
kt
Next Back
e
0
p
- Hai loi tn hao trn tn ti ngay c khi khng ti nn gi l
tn hao khng ti: p
0
= p
c
+ p
Fe
. Tn hao ny sinh ra M
hm ngay c khi khng ti nn gi l M khng ti: M
0
=
Chng 3
my in mt chiu
d) Tn hao ph: (p
f
)
Trong ng v trong thp u sinh ra tn hao ph. Tn
hao ph thng kh tnh. Ta ly p
f
= 1%P
m
2. Gin nng lng v hiu
sut:
a) My pht in:

- Gin nng lng:
- Hiu sut:
( )
1 1
cu Fe co 1
1
2
P
p
1
P
p p p P
P
P E
=
+ +
= = q
Next
Chng 3
Back
P
t
= P
1
- (p
c
+ p
Fe
) = P
1
- p
0
= E I

P
2
= P
t
- p
cu
= U.I

my in mt chiu
P
1
P
t
p
cu
p
Fe

p
c
P
2
b) ng c in:
Ta c cng sut in m ng c nhn t li:
P
1
= U.I = U.(I + I
kt
)
Vi: I = I + I
kt
l dng nhn t li vo.
U l in p u cc my.
P
t
= P
1
- (p
cu.
+ p
cu.kt
)
P
t
= EI

Cn li l cng sut c a ra u trc: P
2
= M.e = P
t
- (p
c

+p
Fe
)
- Gin nng lng:
P
1
P
t
p
cu.
+ p
cu.kt

p
Fe
p
c
P
2
- Hiu sut:
( )
1 1
cu Fe co 1
1
2
P
p
1
P
p p p P
P
P E
=
+ +
= = q
Next
Chng 3
Back
my in mt chiu
4-1: t trng lc khng ti
4-2: t trng khi c ti
Next
Phn I
Back
Chng 4 : T trng
trong my in mt chiu
my in mt chiu
4-1: t trng lc khng ti
1.T trng chnh v t trng tn:
T thng chnh l t thng i
qua khe h khng kh gia phn
ng v cc t trong phm vi 1 bc
cc.
u
0
T thng ca cc t c tnh nh sau:
|
c
= |
0
+|
o
= |
0
(1+|
o
) = |
0
.o
t
Next
Chng 4
Back
0
u
u
o
Vi o
t
= 1+ l h s tn t ca cc t chnh.
u
o
2. Sc t ng cn thit sinh ra t thng:
- Do mch t hon ton i xng v sc t ng cc cc t
nh nhau nn ta ch cn tnh cho 1 i cc.
my in mt chiu
- c t thng chnh |
0
ta cn cung cp cho dy
qun kch thch 1 sc t ng F
0
no . n gin cho
vic tnh ton ta dng cch phn on mch t thnh 5 on:
khe h khng kh (o), rng phn ng (h
r
), lng phn ng (l),
cc t (h
c
), gng t (l
G
).
Next
Chng 4
Back

B
S
u
Khi sc t ng cn thit cho 1 i cc s tnh nh sau:
F
0
= E I.W = E H.l = 2H
o
.o + 2H
r
.h
r
+ H.l + 2H
c
.h
c
+ H
G
.l
G
= F
o
+ F
r
+ F + F
c
+ F
G
Trong : h ch chiu cao, l ch chiu di.
Trong mi on cng t trng c tnh: H = vi B =
u, S, l t thng, tit din, h s t thm ca cc on.
a) Sc t ng trn khe h F
o
: F
o
= 2H
o
.o
* Khi phn ng nhn:
- Do khe h gia cc t v phn ng khng u: gia th
khe h nh, 2 u mp cc t khe h ln: o
max
= (1,5 2,5)o
nn phn b t cm nhng im thng gc vi b mt
phn ng cng khc nhau.
my in mt chiu
h
c

h
c

h
r

h
r

o
l
l
G

t
o
B
o
t
b
o

- n gin ta thay ng cong t cm
thc t bng 1 hnh ch nht c chiu cao
l B
o
v y l b
o
= o
o
.t sao cho din tch
hnh ch nht bng din tch bao bi ng
cong thc t. (b
o
l cung tnh ton ca cc
t cn o
o
l h s tnh ton cung cc). Trong MMC c cc t ph th o
o
= 0,62 0,72;
MMC khng c cc t ph th o
o
= 0,7 0,8
Next Back
- Phn b t cm di 1 cc t biu din
nh hnh v. T cm gia cc t c gi tr
ln nht cn 2 mp cc tr s gim dn
v ng trung tnh hnh hc gia 2 cc t
th bng 0.
Chng 4
my in mt chiu
Gi l l chiu di phn ng theo dc
trc v l
c
l chiu di cc t th ta c
chiu di tnh ton l
o
= . Vi l = l
1
-
n
g
.b
g
n
g
,b
g
l s rnh v chiu rng rnh thng
gi.
2
l l
c
+
-
B
o
l
o
l
c
l
1
T cm khe h khng kh:
Sc t ng c tnh:
o o
o
o
o
o
u
=
u
=
b l S
B
.
o

u
= o

= o =
o o
o o
o o
.
. .
. . .
b l
2
B
2 H 2 F
0 0
1
* Khi phn ng c rng:
- Khi tnh ton ta phi quy i phn
ng c rng v phn ng nhn bng
cch tng khe h khng kh l o' =
K
o
.o vi o' c gi l tr s tnh ton
ca khe h.
K
o
l h s khe h:
t
1
l bc rng;
b
r1
l chiu rng nh
rng
o +
o +
=
o
10 b
10 t
K
1 r
1
Ta c sc t ng phn ng khi c rng :
F
o
= 2.H
o
.o' F
o
= 2.H
o
. K
o
.o = 2.F
o1
. K
o
= 2. .K
o
o' = K
o
.o
o

u
o o
o
.
. . b l
0
Next
Chng 4
Back
my in mt chiu
b
r1
t
1
b) Sc t ng trn rng phn ng:
H
rtb

H
r1
t
1
b
r1
x
b
r2
t
2
H
r2
T thng i qua 1 bc rng t
1
l u
t
= B
o
.l
o
.t
1
Xt 1 tit din ng tm vi mt
phn ng, cch nh rng 1 khong x
th t thng i qua tit din gm 2
thnh phn:
x r rx t '
u + u = u
Chia 2 v ca (1) cho S
rx
(tit din rng) ta c:
(1)
rx
x r
rx
rx
rx
t
S S S
'
u
+
u
=
u
rx
rx
t
B
S
'
=
u
rx
rx
rx
B
S
=
u
l tr s t cm tnh ton v thc t ca rng v
Next
Chng 4
Back
(1)
Vi phn ng c rng v rnh khi t thng i qua khe h
khng kh th phn lm 2 mch song song i vo rng v rnh
phn ng. Do t dn ca thp ln hn khng kh nhiu nn
i b phn t thng i vo rng. t
1
l bc nh rng
t
2
l bc chn rng
my in mt chiu
*) ngha ca B
rx
:

Coi ton b t thng u i qua rng phn ng (mch
t cha bo ho). Khi B

tx
> 1,8 Tesla th mch t bt u bo
ho, t tr tng dn, ta khng th b qua t cm trn rnh. Khi
thnh phn th 2 ca biu thc (1') biu din nh sau:
rx x r 0 rx x r
rx
x r
x r
x r
rx
x r
K H K B
S
S
S S
. . . .
' '
'
'
' '
= =
u
=
u
(2)
- Gi thit rng nhng mt ct hnh tr ngang rng v rnh
cc cao x u l nhng mt ng tr ca t trng th khi
c th xem nh H
rx
= H
rx
Thay vo (1'):
rx rx 0 rx rx
K H B B . . + =
'
(3)
Gi tr biu thc ny c th tm c t ng cong t ho B
= f(H) v qua cc bc tnh c th sau:
+ V ng cong t ho ca li st phn ng
Khi bit kch thc ca rng v rnh ta c:
1
k l b
l t
S
S
K
c rx
x
rx
x r
rx
= =
o '
-
Vi: K
c
l h s p cht li st; S
tx
,

t
x
l tit din rng v b-
c rng cao x; l, l
o
l chiu di thc v tnh ton ca li
st.
my in mt chiu
B
(2)
(1)
0
H
rx
H
rx rx 0
K H . .
B
rx

+ T ng cong t ho cho cc tr s
ca t cm B
rx
ta tm c H
rx
tng ng B
rx

theo (3).
Sau v ng biu din (ng 2).
- Ngoi ra tr s t cm tnh ton ca rng
cng c
th xc nh theo biu thc:

c rx
1
rx
t
rx
k l b
l t B
S
B
-
o o
=
u
=
'
(4)
* Thc t khi tnh ton sc t ng rng ch cn tnh H 3
im theo chiu cao rng: nh rng, chn rng v gia
chiu cao rng. Khi tr s tnh ton ca cng t trng
trung bnh bng:
( )
2 r rtb 1 r r
H H 4 H
6
1
H + + = (5)
Gi h
r
l chiu cao rng th sc t ng rng i vi 1 i cc
l:
F
r
= 2. H
r
. h
r
(6) * n gin ta ch cn xc nh t cm v t trng tit
din cch chn rng 1/3 lm tr s tnh ton. Khi ta c: F
r
=
2. H
r1/3
. h
r
(7)
Trong my in 1 chiu t cm ni hp nht ca rng = 1,8
2,3 T.
my in mt chiu
c) Sc t ng trn lng phn ng:
T thng sau khi i qua khe h khng kh vo phn
ng qua rng v rnh s phn b khng u: gn rng c t
cm ln hn nhng s khc bit khng ln lm nn c th ly t
cm trung bnh lng phn ng tnh ton.
T cm lng phn ng:
c
0 0
k l h 2 S 2 S
B
. . . .
- - - -
-
-
u
=
u
=
u
=
Trong : l t thng phn ng;

l tit din lng phn
ng.
2
0
u
= u
-
c
k l h S . .
- - -
=
Theo ng cong t ho t B H
Khi sc t ng trn lng phn ng c tnh: F

= H.l

Next
Chng 4
Back
my in mt chiu
d) Sc t ng trn thn cc t v gng t:
Tnh ton sc t ng cc t ta phi xt n nh hng
ca t thng tn. Khi t thng cc t ln hn t thng
chnh: u
c
= u
0
.o
t
vi o
t
= 1,15 1,25 l h s tn t.
Thc t do u
o
tn ra khp cc t nn t thng cc phn
trn cc t v gng t cng khc nhau. Nhng n gin ho
tnh ton ta coi nh trn cc t v gng t c t thng khng
i. (u
G
= 1/2u
c
)
Ta c: v
Vi S
c
v S
G
l tit din cc t v gng t
c
c
c
S
B
u
=
G
c
G
S 2
B
u
=
Sc t ng cc t v gng t:
F
c
= 2.H
c
.h
c
h
c
: chiu cao cc t
F
G
= H
G
.l
G
l
G
: chiu di trung bnh ca
gng t.
Next
Chng 4
Back
my in mt chiu
3. ng cong t ho ca MMC:
ng biu din quan h gia |
0
v
F
0
gi l ng cong t ho ca MMC.
|
F
0
a b c
|
m
Nu ko di on tuyn tnh ta c
quan h |
o
= f(F
o
). Khi t thng t gi tr
nh mc th on ab c trng cho sc
t ng khe h cn on bc c trng cho
sc t ng ri trn cc phn st ca
mch t. ab = F
o
F
0
= ac = F
o
+ F
r
+ F + F
c
+ F
G

bc = F
r
+ F + F
c
+ F
G

t th k

l h s bo ho ca mch t.
ab
ac
k
F
F
0
= =

o
Trong cc M trit li dng vt liu v cng sut
khi in p l nh mc ta chn im lm vic l im chm
bo ho (im c: im m ng cong t ho bt u cong vi
k

= 1,1 1,35).
Next
Chng 4
Back
my in mt chiu
4-2: t trng ca my in khi c ti
1. T trng cc t chnh:
N
S
T hnh v phn b t trng ca cc t
chnh ca my 2 cc ta thy t trng chnh
nhn trc cc lm trc i xng v khng
thay i v tr trong khng gian.
2. T trng phn ng:
a) Chiu ca t trng phn
ng:
* Khi chi than t trn trung tnh
hnh hc:
Chng 4
Back Next
- Trc sc t ng tng ca c dy
qun sinh ra lun lun trng vi trc chi
than.
Trung tnh
hnh hc

N

S
N
n
S
my in mt chiu
* Nu dch chi than khi trung tnh
hnh hc ng vi 1 on b trn phn
ng:
- Phn tch sc t ng phn ng F thnh
2 thnh phn: + Sc t ng ngang trc F
q
.
+ Sc t ng dc trc: F
d
.
b) S phn b t trng trn b mt phn ng:
* Khi chi than trn ng trung tnh hnh
hc: (*)
Ta xt 1 mch vng i xng vi im gia ca 2 chi
than th 1 im cch gc l x sc t ng c tnh nh sau:
F
x
= A.2x (A/i cc)
A = (A/cm): l ph ti ng ca phn
ng.

i = l dng trong thanh dn.
-
-
.
.
D
i N
t
a 2
I
-
Next Back
Sc t ng s ln nht khi x = . Khi : F = A.2. = A.t.
2
t
2
t
Chng 4
my in mt chiu
N
n
S
Trung tnh
vt l
Trung tnh
hnh hc
N
C
D
n
S
A
B
b
b
(*)
F
d

F
q

F
Next
Chng 4
Back
- Nu b qua t tr ca li
thp th t tr ca mch phn ng
ch cn l 2 khe h khng kh nn
t cm ca phn ng di mt cc
t c biu din:
B
x
=
0
.H
x
=
0
. =
0
.
=
0
. .x
o 2
F
x -
o 2
x 2 A.
o
A
Di mi bc cc trong phm vi 2b dng in sinh ra sc t
ng dc trc cn trong phm vi (t - 2b) dng in sinh ra
sc t ng ngang trc: F
d
= A.2b (A/i cc)
F
q
= A. (t - 2b)
F
x
At
/2
B
x
N S

F
* Khi chi than dch khi trung
tnh hnh hc 1 khong b no :
Tm li: t trng phn ng ph thuc vo v tr ca chi
than v mc ca ti.
my in mt chiu
(*)
Next
Chng 4
Back
3. Phn ng phn ng:
a) Khi chi than t trn ng trung tnh
hnh hc:
m
N
S
F

(4)
(3)
(1)
(2)
m
- S phn b ca t trng do
t trng cc t chnh v t
trng phn ng hp li nh
sau:
(4): T trng tng khi mch
t
bo ho.
(1): T cm ca cc t chnh.
(2): T trng phn ng.
(3): T trng tng khi mch t
cha bo ho.
*)Tm li:
Khi chi than t trn trung tnh hnh hc ch c phn ng
ngang trc lm mo dng t trng khe h v xut hin ng
trung tnh vt l
my in mt chiu
m
m
Next
Chng 4
Back
b) Khi chi than dch khi trung tnh hnh hc:
Phn tch sc t ng phn ng thnh 2 phn: F
q
v F
d
.
- Thnh phn ngang trc F
q
c tc dng lm mo dng t tr-
ng cc t chnh v kh t 1 t nu mch t bo ho.
- Thnh phn dc trc F
d
nh hng trc tip n t trng
cc t chnh. N c tc dng kh t hoc tr t tu theo
chiu x dch ca chi than. (*)
Do yu cu ca i chiu ch cho php quay chi
than theo chiu quay ca phn ng trong trng hp my pht
cn ng c th ngc li.
my in mt chiu
4. T trng cc t ph: S
f
N N
f
S
S
f
Next
Back
F

(2)
(3)
(1)
Hb-1
Hb-2
Hb-3
(1): Sc t ng cc t chnh.
(3): Sc t ng cc t ph.
(2): Sc t ng phn ng.
Hnh b-3: Phn b t cm.
Hnh b-2: Sc t ng
tng.
my in mt chiu
Chng 4
Tc dng ca cc t
ph l sinh ra 1 sc t
ng trit tiu t trng
phn ng ngang trc v
to ra t trng ngc chiu
vi t trng phn ng
khu vc i chiu.
Next
Chng 4
Back
Hnh c
3
: Cc t ph
c tc dng tr t.
t
t
Hc
3
Hc
2
Hc
1
S N
N
f
S
f S
F

Hnh c
1
: Cc t ph
khng nh hng ti t
trng tng.
Hnh c
2
: Cc t ph
c tc dng kh t.
t
my in mt chiu
- Khi chi than t trn trung tnh hnh hc th cc
t ph khng nh hng n cc t chnh.
Cch ni cc t ph:
F

N
f
S
f
N
S
5. T trng dy qun b:
(1)
(2)
F

Next
Chng 4
Back
- Tc dng ca dy qun b
l sinh ra t trng trit tiu
phn ng phn ng lm cho
t trng khe h v cn bn
khng b mo dng na.
ng (1): Sc t ng ca
phn ng phn ng ngang.
ng (2): Sc t ng ca
dy qun b.
ng (4): Phn b t trng tng
khi c c dy qun b v cc t
ph.
Cch ni dy qun b:
ng (3): Sc t ng khi khng
ti.
N N
f
S S
f
S
(3)
my in mt chiu
(4)
Chng 5 : i chiu
5.1: Nguyn nhn sinh ra tia la
trn vnh gp
5.2: Qu trnh i chiu
5.3: Cc phng php ci thin
i chiu
Next
Phn I
Back
my in mt chiu
5.1: Nguyn nhn gy tia la trn vnh gp
Next
Chng 5
Back
1. Nguyn nhn v c kh:
- Vnh gp khng ng tm vi trc.
- S cn bng b phn quay khng tt.
- B mt vnh gp khng phng do nhng phin i
chiu hoc mi ca cch in gia cc phin i chiu nh
ln.
- Lc p chi than khng thch hp (mnh qu c th lm
mn chi v vnh gp), kt chi trong hp chi, hp chi
than khng c gi cht hay t khng ng v tr.
2. Nguyn nhn v in:
- Do sc in ng phn khng khng trit tiu ht sc
in ng i chiu.
- Do s phn b khng u mt dng in trn mt
tip xc v quan h phi tuyn ca in tr tip xc: r
tx
=
f(t,u) vi u l thng s c trng cho tc dng nhit v hin t-
ng in phn di chi than.
my in mt chiu
3. Cc cp tia la in:
Bng cc cp tia la in
(*)
- Ta thy tia la mnh gy hao mn nhanh chng chi than
v vnh gp. Do tia la cp 2 ch cho php vi nhng ti
xung ngn hn, tia la cp 3 ni chung l khng cho php.
- Ch lm vic lu di vi cp tia la 1.
Next
Chng 5
Back
my in mt chiu
1.Mt s khi nim:
5.2: Qu trnh i chiu
a) Qu trnh i chiu:
Next
Chng 5
Back
b) Chu k i chiu:
2i 2i 2i

t = 0 0 < t < Tc
t = Tc
Qu trnh i chiu ca dng in
khi phn t di ng trong vng trung tnh
hnh hc v b chi than ni ngn mch
gi l s i chiu.
i

i i i

i

i i i

i

i i i

S
N
A
2
B
1
A
1
S
B
2
my in mt chiu
N
- Qu trnh i chiu ca dng in trong mi phn t
tn ti trong 1 khong thi gian rt ngn.
Next
Chng 5
Back
- Khong thi gian dng in hon thnh vic i chiu
gi l chu k i chiu (T
c
). l thi gian cn thit
vnh gp quay i 1 gc ng vi chiu rng ca chi, ngha l
T
c
= (1)
G
c
v
b
b
c
l chiu rng ca chi gp.
v
G
l vn tc di ca vnh gp.
Gi D
G
l ng knh vnh gp Ta c: b
G
= t.
b
G
l bc vnh gp
v
G
= D
G
. t. n =
b
G
.G.n
G
D
G
Gi |
G
l h s trng khp th: |
G
=
Thay vo (1):
T
c
= = |
G
. (2)

G
c
b
b
n G b
b
G
c
. .
n G
1
.
(y l chu k i
chiu ca dy qun
xp n)
my in mt chiu
2. Cc sc in ng trong mch vng i chiu:
- Sc in ng t
cm e
L
: dc
-
c c L
T
i 2
L
dt
di
L e = =
- Sc in ng h cm
e
M
:

= = =
n
1
n
dc
u
Mn
n
n
1
n
n
1
Mn M
M .
T
i 2
e
dt
di
. M e e
M
n
l h s h cm gia phn t ang xt v phn
t th n.
i
n
l dng in trong phn t th n
Next
Chng 5
Back
my in mt chiu
- Sc in ng i chiu e
c
: sinh ra khi phn t i
chiu chuyn ng trong t trng tng hp ti vng trung
tnh:
e
c
= 2.W.B
c
.l
c
.v.
W: s vng ca phn t i chiu.
B
c
: T cm i chiu
- Sc in ng phn khng e
pk
: e
pk
= e
L
+ e
M
m bo i chiu c tt th sc in ng
phn khng phi lun lun ngc chiu vi sc in ng i
chiu.
3. Phng trnh i chiu:
Theo nh lut Kishop 2 vit cho mch vng phn t
b:
i.r
pt
+ i
1
.(r
tx1
+ r
d
) - i
2
.(r
tx2
+ r
d
) = Ee (1)
Trong :
r
pt
: in tr ca phn t i chiu.
r
d
: in tr dy ni.
r
tx1,2
: in tr tip xc ca chi than vi phin gp 1
v 2.
Ee : Tng cc sc in ng sinh ra trong phn t
i chiu:
Ee = e
M
+ e
L
+ e
c
= e
pk
+ e
c
Theo nh lut Kishop 1 vit cho cc nt 1 v 2:
Nt 1: i + i - i
1
= 0 (2)
Nt 2: - i + i - i
2
= 0 (3)
i: dng ngn mch chy trong phn t i chiu.
i
1
, i
2
: dng chy qua dy ni vi cc phin i chiu 1
v 2.
Next
Chng 5
Back
i

i i i

1 2
i
1
i
2
a b c
1 2
my in mt chiu
Cc dng i, i
1
, i
2
c th tnh t cc phng trnh (1), (2)
v (3) nu cc i lng khc bit.
i.r
pt
+ i
1
.(r
tx1
+ r
d
) - i
2
.(r
tx2
+ r
d
) = Ee
i + i

- i
1
= 0
- i + i - i
2
= 0
- mc gn ng gi thit r
pt
~ 0, r
d
~ 0. Ta c:
i
1
.r
tx1
- i
2
.r
tx2
= Ee
i + i - i
1
= 0
- i + i - i
2
= 0
1 tx 2 tx
-
1 tx 2 tx
1 tx 2 tx
r r
e
i .
r r
r r
i
+
E
+
+

=
V gi thit r
pt
~ 0, r
d
~ 0 nn (r
tx1
+ r
tx2
) l tng tr ca
phn t i chiu khi b chi than ngn mch v dng i
f

chnh l dng ngn mch trong phn t gy bi Ee
Next
Chng 5
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(4)
my in mt chiu
i
f

Gi thit rng r
tx1
, r
tx2
t l nghch vi b mt tip xc
ca chi in vi phin i chiu 1 v 2. Trong qu trnh
i chiu t 0 n T
c
vi iu kin b
c
= b
G
th cc b
mt tip xc c tnh nh sau:
S
T
t
S
dc
tx
=
2
S
T
t T
S
dc
dc
1 tx

=
Vi S l din tch tip xc ton phn
ca chi vi phin gp.
tx
dc
dc
tx
1 tx
1 tx
r
t T
T
r
S
S
r

= =
tx
dc
tx
2 tx
2 tx
r
t
T
r
S
S
r = =
Thay (5), (6) vo (4) ta c:
(5)
nm
-
dc
r
e
i .
T
t 2
1 i
E
+
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
) 1 T ( t
T
. r r
dc
2
dc
tx nm

=
(6)
(7)
Vi
Next
Chng 5
Back
K hiu r
tx
l in tr tip xc ton
phn ng vi mt tip xc ton phn
S ta c:
(*)
(7): L phng trnh i
chiu tng qut.
my in mt chiu
S
S
tx2

S
tx1

4. Cc loi i chiu:
a) i chiu ng thng:
Ee = 0 v dng in i chiu
l
-
dc
i .
T
t 2
1 i
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
Mt dng in 2 pha i vo v i
ra bng nhau: J
1
= J
2
nn khng c tia la
xut hin. (*)
b) i chiu ng cong:
i
f
, r
nm
0
(1)
(2)
(3)
t
m Ee = 0 nn i
f
= 0.
Dng in ph ny s cng vi dng c
bn lm cho dng in i chiu tr
nn phi tuyn v ta c i chiu ng
cong.
nm
f
r
e
i
E
=
(1): r
nm
(t)
(2): i
f
(t) khi Ee > 0
(3): i
f
(t) khi Ee < 0
Ta biu din i
f
di dng sau: (Ee = const):
Next
Chng 5
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my in mt chiu
T
c
o
1
t
i
1
t
-i

0
i
2
o
2
+i

i

* Gi s e
pk
> e
c
hay Ee > 0 v
gi thit r
tx
= const th dng
i chiu c dng:
* Gi s e
pk
< e
c
hay Ee < 0 th i
f

i du theo ng (3). Khi dng
i chiu c dng:
Ta thy o
1
< o
2
nn J
1
< J
2
=> i
chiu vt trc v c tia la u vo
ca chi.
Next
Chng 5
Back
Ta thy o
1
> o
2
nn J
1
> J
2
=> i
chiu mang tnh tr hon. Tia la
xut hin u ra ca chi in
khi phn t ri khi v tr ngn
mch.
my in mt chiu
+i

o
2
i
2
0
-i

t
i
1
T
c
o
1
t
i

-i

T
c
o
1
t
i
1
i
2
o
2
+i

0
t
i

1.Phng php dng cc t ph:
5.3. Cc phng php ci thin i chiu
Bin php c bn ci thin i chiu trong MMC l
to ra t trng i chiu ti vng trung tnh hnh hc bng
cch t nhng cc t ph gia nhng cc t chnh. Mun
vy sc t ng ca cc t ph F
f
phi ngc chiu vi sc t
ng phn ng ngang trc. V tr s ngoi vic trung ho
phn ng phn ng ngang trc cn phi to ra 1 t trng ph
sinh ra e
c
lm trit tiu e
pk
.
Mt khc : F
q
v e
pk
t l vi i do sc t ng cc t
ph v t trng i chiu cng phi bin i t l vi ph
ti. Mun vy dy qun cc t ph phi ni tip vi dy
qun phn ng ng thi mch t cc t ph khng bo ho.
Thng thng khe h gia cc t ph vi phn ng ln hn so
vi cc t chnh (t 1,5 2 ln).
Next
Chng 5
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my in mt chiu
2. Phng php x dch chi than khi trung tnh hnh hc:
my pht: Chi than ang c t trn
trung tnh hnh hc. Ta xt 1 phn t dy
qun:
-i
e
c
e
pk +i

e
q
e

Next
Chng 5
Back
my in mt chiu
N
n
S

o
*) Nhn xt: Khi M lm vic ch my pht ci thin
i chiu ta phi dch chi in khi trung tnh hnh hc 1
gc: | = o + theo chiu quay phn ng. Cn ch ng
c th dch chi in i 1 gc | ngc chiu quay phn ng.
(o: l gc gia trung tnh hnh hc v trung tnh vt l.
: l gc ng vi iu kin t trng tng bng t trng i
chiu)
4. Nhng bin php
khc:
Chn chi than ph hp, gim sc in ng phn khng ...
Next
Chng 5
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my in mt chiu
3. Dng dy qun b:
Trong cc M cng sut ln v ti thay i t ngt ngi ta
thng dng dy qun b h tr cho cc cc t ph. Dy
qun b c t di mt cc t chnh v s trit tiu t tr-
ng phn ng di phm vi mt cc t chnh v lm cho t
trng chnh hu nh khng thay i. Dy qun b ni tip
vi dy qun phn ng nn c th b bt c ti no.
Chng 6 : My pht mt chiu
6.1: Nhng khi nim c bn
6.2: c tnh c bn ca my pht mt chiu
6.3: My pht mt chiu kch t song song
Next
Phn I
Back
6.4: My pht mt chiu kch t ni tip
6.5: My pht mt chiu kch t hn hp
6.6: My pht mt chiu lm vic song song
my in mt chiu
Next
Chng 6
Back
6.1: Nhng khi nim c bn
1. Phn loi: Tu theo phng php kch thch cc t chnh
MFMC c phn thnh 2 loi:
a) My pht in mt chiu kch t c lp:
b) My pht 1 chiu t kch:
U
I
I
kt
I

Hnh a
U
I I
I

Hnh b
Trong mi trng hp cng sut kch thch chim 0,3
0,5% P
m
.
+ My pht mt chiu kch thch song song: I = I + I
kt
(hnh a).
+ My pht mt chiu kch thch ni tip: I = I
kt
= I (hnh b).
+ My pht mt chiu kch thch hn hp: I = I + I
ktss
(hnh c).
I

I
U
I
kt
Hnh c
U
I
I
ktss
I
ktnt
I

my in mt chiu
Next
Chng 6
Back
2. Phng trnh cn bng m men:
Ta c: P
1
= p
c
+ p
Fe
+ P
t

Chia 2 v cho e: hay: M
q
= M
0
+
M
t

Trong : M
q
l mmen ca my pht in.
M
0
l mmen cn khng ti.
M
t
l mmen in t.
e
+
e
+
=
e
dt Fe co 1
P P P P
Nu t M
0
+ M
t
= M
CT
(mmen cn tnh) th phng trnh
cn bng mmen s l: M
q
= M
CT
3. Phng trnh cn bng in p:
U.I = E.I - (I
2
r
dq
+ AU
tx
I)
|
|
.
|

\
| A
+ =
-
tx
dq - -
I
U
r I E U
t l in tr mch
phn ng
-
tx
dq -
I
U
r r
A
+ = U = E - Ir

my in mt chiu
P
1
p
c
p
Fe

P
t
p
cu
P
2
P
2
= P
t
- (p
cu
+ p
f
)
4. Cc c tnh ca my pht 1 chiu:
C 5 dng c tnh:
+ c tnh khng ti: U
0
= E = f(I
kt
) khi I = 0, n =
const.
+ c tnh ngn mch: I
n
= f(I
kt
) khi U = 0, n = const.
+ c tnh ngoi: U = f(I) khi I
kt
= const, n = const.
+ c tnh ph ti: U = f(I
kt
) khi I = const, n =
const.
+ c tnh iu chnh: I
kt
= f(I) khi U = const, n =
const.
Next
Chng 6
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my in mt chiu
1. c tnh khng ti: U = f(I
kt
) khi I = 0, n = const.
6.2: Nhng c tnh c bn ca
my pht mt chiu
c tnh c xc nh bng thc nghim theo s th nghim
Khi I = 0 U = E = C
e
.u
o
.n = C
e
.u
o
.
c tnh lp li dng ng cong t ho ring ca my
in.
I
kt
V
A
I
A'
-I
ktm
I
ktm
A
U
B
0
I
kt
B
my in mt chiu
Next
Chng 6
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2. c tnh ngn mch: I
n
= f(I
kt
) Khi U = 0, n = const.
0
I
kt
(1)
(2)
I
n
(1): My c kh t d.
(2): My cha c kh t d.
- Do U = 0 ta c E = IR

ngha l
ton b sc in ng sinh ra
b p cho st p trn mch phn
ng.
- Mt khc: dng ngn mch c hn ch bng (1,25
1,5)I
m
v R rt nh v vy E nh I
kt
tng ng nh
mch t khng bo ho. Do E t l tuyn tnh vi I
kt
nn I
cng t l vi I
kt
c tnh c dng ng thng.
Next
Chng 6
Back
my in mt chiu
Tam gic c tnh:

Dng tam gic c
tnh
(1): c tnh khng ti
(2): c tnh ngn
mch.
ln ca AB ph thuc vo loi my, ln nht MMC khng c cc t
ph v dy qun b. my c cc t ph v dy qun b phn ng phn
ng hu nh b trit tiu, cnh AB ~ 0. MMC kch t hn hp, dy qun
ni tip c tc dng tr t v nu sc t ng ca n ln hn AB, ngha l
ngoi phn sc t ng trit tiu nh hng ca phn ng phn ng cn
sc t ng tr t th cnh AB s nm v bn phi ca BC.
Gi s khi ngn mch trong phn ng c dng I
m
tng ng vi dng
kch thch I
t
= OC: 1 phn OD sinh ra sc in ng khc
phc in p ri trn in tr phn ng I
m
.R = AD = BC; Phn cn li
DC = AB dng khc phc phn ng phn ng lc ngn mch.
0 C
D
I
t

E
n
m

I
nm
=I
m

B A
U (1)
I (2) E,I
A
B
U (1)
I (2)
I
nm
=I
m

E
n
m

0 D C I
t

E,I
my in mt chiu
Next
Chng 6
Back
AABC c cnh BC t l vi dng in phn ng v cnh AB trong iu
kin mch t khng bo ho t l vi phn ng phn ng (t l vi I) gi l
tam gic c tnh.
3. c tnh ph ti: U = f(I
kt
) khi I = const, n = const.
Next
Chng 6
Back
Dng c tnh:
(1): c tnh khng ti.
(2): c tnh ph ti.
ng (2) c th xc nh khi bit ng (1) v tam gic
c tnh: Gi s bit tam gic c tnh 1 ch ti
no . VD ti nh mc l tam gic ABC. Ta t tam gic
sao cho nh A nm trn c tnh khng ti, cc cnh AB v
BC song song vi trc honh v trc tung ng thi t l vi
ph ti, khi tam gic dch chuyn song song vi chnh n
nh C s v nn c tnh ph ti.
0
A
1
B
1
C
1
(2) C
B
A
(1)
U
I
kt
I
kt
R
t
I
A
V
my in mt chiu
4. c tnh ngoi: U = f(I) Khi I
kt
= const, n = const.
AU
m
= U
0
- U
m
vi iu kin I
kt

=I
ktm
gi l bin i in p
nh mc:
( )% 15 5 % 100
U
U U
% U
dm
dm 0
=

= A
0 I
m
I
U
E

AU
m
U
U
0
U
m
* C th dng c tnh ngoi t
c tnh khng ti v tam gic
c tnh:
Cho OP = I
kt
= const
PP' = U|
I

= 0
= E im D
t tam gic ABC c AB v BC
theo t l ng vi I = I
m
sao cho A
nm trn c tnh khng ti cn
BC nm trn ng thng ng
PP' PC l in p khi I = I
m

ta c im D' v gc phn t th
2.
U
D'
I I
m
0 P I
kt
P'
A
B
C
D
I
m
/2
my in mt chiu
I
kt
R
t
I
A
V
I
kt
0
I

5. c tnh iu chnh:
I
kt
= f(I) Khi U = const, n = const
c tnh iu chnh cho ta bit
cn phi iu chnh dng kch
thch nh th no gi cho in p
u ra ca my pht khng thay i
khi ti thay i.
Next
Chng 6
Back
my in mt chiu
1. iu kin t kch ca my:
6.3: My pht mt chiu kch t song song
m bo my t kch c cn c cc iu kin sau:
- Trong my phi tn ti 1 lng t d u
d
= (2 3)% u
m

- Cun dy kch thch phi u ng chiu hoc my quay
ng chiu sinh ra dng i
kt
> 0
- Nu tc quay bng hng s th in tr mch kch
thch phi nh hn 1 in tr ti hn no . Hoc nu in
tr mch kch thch bng hng s th tc quay phi ln hn
1 tc ti hn no .
U
I
I
kt
I

Nu my pht
tho mn 3 iu
kin trn th qu
trnh t kch xy
ra nh sau:
Next
Chng 6
Back
r
kt2
r
kt1
U = I
kt
r
kt
I
kt
0
U
r
th
A
my in mt chiu
h mch kch thch v quay my pht n n
m
.
Do trong my tn ti u
d
nn trong dy qun s cm ng 1
sc in ng E v trn 2 cc my s c 1 in p U =
(2 3)% U
m
.
Ni kn mch kch thch trong mch kch thch s c:
no . Dng ny sinh ra t thng u
d
v tng (u
d
+ u
d
) >
u
d
s sinh ra dng kch thch ln hn. C nh vy my s tng
kch t in p u cc tng ln v my tip tc t kch
cho n khi n lm vic n nh im A.
Nu u
d
ngc chiu vi u
d
th my s khng t kch c.
2. c tnh ngoi:
U = f(I) khi I
kt
= const, n = const
U
U
m
AU
m
(1)
(2)
I
I
th
I
m
I
0
0
(1): c tnh ngoi ca MF kch t c lp.
(2): c tnh ngoi ca MF kch t song song.
Next
Chng 6
Back
kt
'
kt
r
U
I =
my in mt chiu
U
B
0 I
ktm
I
kt
3. c tnh khng ti:
4. c tnh iu chnh:
I
kt
= f(I) khi U = const, n = const
(1): ca my pht kch thch song
song
(2): ca my pht kch thch c
lp
Next
Chng 6
Back
I
kt
0
I

(1)

(2)

my in mt chiu
MFMC kch thch ni tip cng thuc loi t
kch.
6.4: My pht mt chiu kch t ni tip
I I
kt

I

R
t
Do dng ti I = I = I
kt
nn trong my ch c 2
lng ph thuc nhau l U v I nn ta ch xy
dng c tnh ngoi: U = f(I) khi n = const.
- V khi ti tng in p 2 u cc my pht
thay i nhiu nn thc t t dng loi my
ny.
Next
Chng 6
Back
- Khi I = I
th
mch t bo ho in p bt u
gim
0
U
U
d

I
th
I
my in mt chiu
My pht mt chiu kch thch hn hp c 2
cun dy kch thch. Tu theo cch u
dy m ta c s ni thun v ni ngc.
6.5. My pht mt chiu kch t hn hp
U
I
I
ktss
I
ktnt
I

1. c tnh ngoi: U = f(I) khi n = const
0 I
U
0
U
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Khi ni thun in p c gi
hu nh khng i (ng (2))
Khi b tha (ng 1) in
p s tng khi ti tng. iu
ny c ngha quan trng
trong vic truyn ti in
nng i xa.
Nu ni ngc 2 dy qun kch thch (ng (4)) khi ti tng
p s gim nhanh hn so vi my pht kch thch song song
(ng (3))
Next Back
Chng 6
my in mt chiu
U
I
I
ktss
I
ktnt
I

2. c tnh iu chnh:
0
I
(2)
(1)
(3)
I
kt
ng (1) : Khi ni
thun 2 dy qun
kch thch v b
bnh thng.
(2) : Khi b tha.
(3) : Khi ni ngc 2
dy qun kch
thch.
Next
Chng 6
Back
my in mt chiu
1. iu kin ghp cc my pht lm vic song song:
6.6: My pht mt chiu lm vic song song
Cng cc tnh:
Sc in ng ca my pht II phi bng in p U ca
thanh gp.
Nu ghp cc my pht kch thch hn hp lm vic song
song th cn c iu kin th 3: Ni dy cn bng gia cc
im m v n nh hnh b.
A A
V
F
2

F
1

Hnh a
A A
m
I
n
F
1

F
2

Hnh b
Next
Back
my in mt chiu
Chng 6
2. Phn phi v chuyn ti gia cc my pht in:
I
I
I
II
(2)
(2')
U
(1')
(1)
E
II
=U
I = I
I
I = I
I
+I
II
Ghp my pht II lm vic
song song vi my pht I.
Vic thay i E
I
v E
II
bng cch bin i dng kch t I
ktI

v I
ktII
hoc bng cch thay i tc quay ca cc ng c
s cp.
Next
Chng 6
Back
my in mt chiu
Do E
2
=U nn my II cha tham gia
pht in v ton b ti vn do
my I m nhn. Lc ny c
tnh ngoi ca 2 my l ng (1)
v (2).
Chng 7 : ng c mt chiu
7.1: Nhng khi nim c bn
7.2: M my ng c in mt chiu
7.3: ng c in mt chiu kch thch
song song hoc c lp
Next Phn I
Back
7.4: ng c mt chiu kch thch ni tip
7.5: ng c mt chiu kch thch hn hp
my in mt chiu
1. Phn loi:
7.1: Nhng khi nim c bn
U
I
I
kt
I

Hnh b
U
I I
I

Hnh c
U
I
I
ktss
I
ktnt
Hnh d
I

I

I
U
I
kt
U
kt

Hnh a
+ ng c mt chiu kch thch hn hp: I = I + I
kt

(hnh d).
+ ng c mt chiu kch thch c lp: I = I (hnh
a).
+ ng c mt chiu kch thch song song: I = I + I
kt

(hnh b).
+ ng c mt chiu kch thch ni tip: I = I = I
kt

(hnh c).
Next
Chng 7
Back
my in mt chiu
2. Phng trnh cn bng p:
Cng sut in a vo u ng c kch thch song
song l:
P
1
= U.(I + I
kt
)
P
t
= P
1
- (p
cu
.
kt
+ p
cu.
)
EI = U.(I + I
kt
) - (U.I
kt
+ I
2
.R) E = U - I.R

3. Phng trnh cn bng mmen:
P
t
= p
Fe
+ p
c
+ P
2

e
+
e
+
=
e
2 Fe co dt
P P P P
M
t
= M
0
+ M
2

t: M
0
+ M
2
= M
CT
(Mmen cn tnh)
M
t
= M
CT
Trong : M
0
: mmen cn khng ti.
M
2
: mmen ph ti.
Next
Chng 7
Back
my in mt chiu
P
1
P
t
p
cu.
+ p
cu.kt

p
Fe

p
c
P
2
1. Yu cu khi m my:
7.2. M my ng c mt chiu
Dng m my phi c hn ch n mc nh nht
trnh cho dy qun khi b chy hoc nh hng xu n
i chiu.
M men m my phi c tr s cao nht c th c
hon thnh qu trnh m ma ngha l t c tc quy
nh trong 1 thi gian ngn nht.
2. Cc phng php m my:
- Khi m my trong mi trng hp u phi m bo c u
max

ngha l trc khi ng ng c vo ngun in, bin tr
iu chnh dng kch thch phi t v tr sao cho
in tr kch thch nh nht mmen t gi tr ln nht
ng vi mi gi tr ca dng phn ng.
Next
Chng 7
Back
my in mt chiu
a. M my trc tip:
Ti thi im u: n = 0 E = 0 U = I.R I =
I
mm
= I = (5 10)I
m
.
V dng m my ln nn phng php ny t c s dng. Ch
yu dng cho ng c cng sut vi trm ot (v R tng i
ln nn I
mm
s (4 6)I
m
).
-
R
U
b. M my nh bin tr:
C

U
I
kt
0 T
1
2
3
4
5
M
r
mm
- Khi m my nh bin tr dng c tnh:
mmi -
i
-
R R
E U
I
+

=
R
mmi
l in tr m my th i.
Next
Chng 7
Back
my in mt chiu
- Bin tr m my c tnh sao cho:
I
mm
= (1,4 1,7)I
m
i vi cc ng c cng sut
ln I
mm
= (2 2,5)I
m
vi ng c cng sut nh.
Qu trnh m my c biu din nh hnh v:
n
1 2 3 4 5
0
M
M
c
M
I

n
I
1

I
2

M
1

M
2

Next
Chng 7
Back
Thng dng m my cho nhng ng c cng sut ln kt
hp c vic iu chnh tc bng cch thay i in p.
c) M my bng in p
thp (U
mm
< U
m
):
Phi dng 1 ngun c
lp c th iu chnh
in p c cung cp
cho phn ng ng c.
Mt ngun khc U = U
m

cung cp cho mch
kch thch.
my in mt chiu
1. c tnh c:
7.3. ng c in mt chiu kch thch song
song hoc c lp
T phng trnh: E = C
e
.u
o
.n

Thay M = C
M
.u
o
.I ta c:
(1)
o o
u

=
u
=
e
- -
e
C
R . I U
C
E
n
2
M e
-
e
. C . C
R . M
C
U
n
o
o
u

u
=
Vi iu kin: U = const, I
kt
= const khi M
(hoc I) thay i th t thng u
o
cng
hu nh khng i.
ng c ny c dng trong trng hp tc hu nh khng
i khi ti thay i (my ct kim loi...)
0
n
n
0
M
m
M(I)
Next
Chng 7
Back
my in mt chiu
k
R . M
n n
-
0
=
Vi v k =
C
e
.C
M
.
o
u
=
e
0
C
U
n
2
o
u
(1)
2. iu kin n nh ca ng c:
Xt c tnh M = f(n) ca ng c in v M
c
= f(n) ca ti nh
hnh v:
Ta c:
vi:
l qun tnh phn quay.
dt
d
j M M
c
e
+ =
g 4
GD
j
2
=
Trng hp a: P l im lm
vic ca h thng c M =
M
c
hay
0
dn
dM
=
Nu v l do no tc tng: n = n
lv
+ An th M
c
> M
ng c b ghm, tc gim dn v im P n = n
lv
. Ngc
li: nu tc gim M
c
< M ng c c gia tc v t tc
lm vic. Nh vy: iu kin lm vic n nh ca h thng l:
dn
dM
dn
dM
c
<
Trng hp b: Nu tc tng t nhin s khin cho ng c
in c M > M
c
lm tc tip tc tng mi hoc s gim tc
s dn n hu qu l tc gim mi.
dn
dM
dn
dM
c
<
Vy: h thng lm vic khng n nh ng vi iu kin
dn
dM
dn
dM
c
>
dn
dM
dn
dM
c
>
Next
Chng 7
Back
my in mt chiu
M
0
M
M
c
P
Hnh a
n
lv
An
n
Hnh b
0
M
M
M
c
P
n
An
n
lv
3. iu chnh tc :
2
M e
-
e
. C . C
R . M
C
U
n
o
o
u

u
=
a. Phng php thay i t thng:
u
1
n
0
n
0m
n
01
n
02
u
2
u
m
M
Bng cch thay i tr s ca bin tr
trong mch kch thch. Cc ng ny
c n
0
> n
0m
v giao nhau ti 1 im
trn trc honh ng vi (n = 0, I =
)
-
R
U
b. Thay i in tr ph trn mch phn ng:
0
n
n
0
R
f
= 0
R
f1

R
f2
R
f3

M
( )
k
R R . M
n n
f -
0
+
=
Next
Chng 7
Back
my in mt chiu
c) Phng php thay i in p:
0
M
U<U
m
U=U
m

U>U
m
n
02
n
01
n
03
n
Vic cung cp in p cho
ng c c thc hin bng 1
ngun c lp bng cch ghp
thnh t hp my pht - ng c.
4. c tnh lm vic:
a) c tnh tc : n = f(I) ging c tnh c:
o o
u

u
=
. C
R . I
C
U
n
e
- -
e
b) c tnh mmen: M = f(I) khi U = U
m
=
const
M = C
M
.u
o
.I

Do I
kt
= const khi U = const u
o
= const
M = f(I) l ng thng.
M
0
I

c) c tnh hiu sut: q = f(I)
Khi U = U
m
= const.
q
max
c tnh vi dng in ti I =
0,75I
m
. Khi tn hao khng i trong
ng c (p
c
+ p
Fe
) bng tn hao bin
i trong mch phn ng (ph thuc r
dq

v t l I
2
)
0
0,75I
m
I

q
max
q
Next
Chng 7
Back
my in mt chiu
1. c tnh c ca ng c 1 chiu kch thch ni tip:
7.4: ng c mt chiu kch thch ni tip
V I = I = I
kt
trong phm vi rng c th biu th u
o
= K
u
.I
(1)
Trong : K
u
= const khi I < 0,8I
m
v gim i 1 cht khi I >
0,8I
m
do nh hng bo ho ca mch t.
M = C
M
.u
o
.I. Thay u
o
phng trnh (1) vo ta
c:
M
2
2
M
C
K . M
K
C M
u
o
u
o
= u
u
=
M
C
K . M
u
o
= u
2
M e
-
e
. C . C
R . M
C
U
n
o
o
u

u
=
u
u
=
K . C
R
K . M . C
C U
e
-
e
M
(2)
Nu b qua R th n t l vi hay .
M
U
2
2
n
C
M =
Khi mch t cha bo ho c tnh c c dng hypecbol
bc 2.
Next
Chng 7
Back
my in mt chiu
0 M
n
ng c mt chiu kch thch ni tip vi c tnh c rt
mm c ng dng trong nhng ni cn iu kin m my
nng n v cn thay i tc trong 1 vng rng (cu trc,
xe in...)
Khi n gim th M tng v ngc li. Trong
trng hp mt ti (I = 0, M = 0) th n c tr s
rt ln v th loi ng c ny khng cho
php lm vic trong iu kin c th mt
ti (ai truyn...).
2. iu chnh tc :
a) iu chnh tc bng cch thay i t thng:
Vic thay i t thng trong ng c kch t ni tip c th
thc hin theo 3 phng php:
Next
Chng 7
Back
my in mt chiu
Mc in tr sun vo dy qun kch thch.
(Hnh a)
U
R
kt
R
S
C
I

(a)
U
C
W
kt
W'
kt
I

(b)
U
R
S
R
kt
I

(c)
Mc in tr sun vo mch phn ng. (Hnh c)
Thay i s vng dy ca dy qun kch thch. (Hnh b)
Next
Chng 7
Back
Hai bin php
u cho cng 1
kt qu: nu dng
kch thch ban
u l I
kt
th dng
sau khi iu
chnh l I'
kt
= k.I
kt

Vi k l h s
gim.
+ Trng hp a: + Trng hp b: 1
R R
R
k
S kt
S
<
+
= 1
W
W
k
kt
kt
< =
'
my in mt chiu
V I
kt
gim nn cc phng php ny ch iu chnh c u <
u
m
v tc s thay i trong vng trn nh mc v -
ng c tnh s nm v pha trn ca c tnh t nhin
(ng 2).
0
(5)
(4)
M
(2)
(1)
(3)
n
+ Trng hp c: Mc sun vo mch
phn ng tng tr ca mch s b
i lm cho dng in I
kt
tng ln v u
tng n gim.
Phng php ny ch iu chnh tc
di vng nh mc v ng c tnh
c tng ng nm di ng c tnh c
t nhin (ng 3).
Nhc im : in tr kch thch nh nn ton b in p li
hu nh t trn in tr sun v vy tn hao ln v hiu
sut ca ng c thp. Hiu qu ca vic iu chnh tc
bng cch tng t thng u b hn ch bi s bo ho mch
t nn phng php ny t dng.
Next Chng 7 Back
my in mt chiu
b) iu chnh bng cch thm in tr vo mch phn ng:
U
R
c
I

Ch iu chnh tc di tc nh
mc v km theo tn hao trn in tr ph
lm gim hiu sut ca ng c nn t dng.
c tnh c ca trng hp ny l ng (4).
Phng php ny ch iu chnh c n < n
m
v khng cho
php tng in p qu nh mc nhng li c hiu sut cao do
khng c tn hao khi hiu chnh. Phng php ny c p dng
rng ri trong giao thng vn ti v thc hin bng cch i ni
song song thnh ni tip 2 ng c.
c) iu chnh bng cch thay i in p:
c tnh c c dng (5).
Next
Chng 7
Back
Khi lm vic song song cc ng c s lm vic U = U
m

sau khi i ni thnh ni tip lm vic vi in p U =
U
m
/2.
my in mt chiu
4. c tnh lm vic:
a) c tnh tc : n = f(I) khi U = U
m
= const
o o
u
=
u

=
. C
U
C
R . I U
n
e e
- -
(b qua R)
C dng hypecbol ging c tnh c.
b) c tnh mmen: M = f(I) khi U = U
m
=
const
M = C
M
.u.I

u ~ I M ~ I
2
Dng c tnh
mmen l ng Parabol
q
max
M, q
0 0,75I
m
M
q
I

c) c tnh hiu sut:
Ging ca ng c kch thch song
song.
Next
Chng 7
Back
my in mt chiu
Thc t ch dng loi u thun 2 dy qun kch thch
v khi u ngc khng m bo iu kin n nh trong
qu trnh lm vic.
7.5: ng c mt chiu kch thch hn hp
1. c tnh c:
Do I = I = I
kt
nn phng trnh c tnh c c dng:
( )
o
u
+
=
e
- kt -
C
R . I I U
n
0
n
M
(4)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(4): c tnh c ca ng c kch thch
ni tip.
(1): c tnh c ca ng c hn hp b.
(2): c tnh c ca ng c hn hp ngc.
(3): c tnh c ca ng c kch thch song song.
2. iu chnh tc :
Thng c iu chnh nh ng c kch thch song
song.
Thay i t thng bng cch thay i r
kt
.
Thay i in tr ph trong mch phn
ng.
Thay i in p.
Next
Chng 7
Back
my in mt chiu
3. c tnh lm vic
a) c tnh tc : n = f(I) khi U = U
m
= const
Ging c tnh c.
b) c tnh mmen: M = f(I)
Khi I tng u tng nhng mc tng chm hn so vi ng c
kch t ni tip c tnh mmen c tnh cht trung gian
gia 2 c tnh mmen ca ng c kch t ni tip v
kch t song song.
1
I
*
(3)
(2)
(1)
n
*
1
0
M
*
, n
*
M
*
(1) (2) (3)
Dng c tnh mmen v tc
trong h n v tng i:
(1) l ca C kch t song song.
(2) l ca C kch t hn hp.
(3) l ca C kch t ni tip.
c) c tnh hiu sut:
4. u nhc im:
Next
Chng 7
Back
my in mt chiu
Chng 8 : my in mt chiu c bit
8.1: Khuych i my in
8.2: My pht hn mt chiu
8.3: My pht mt cc
Next
Phn I
Back
8.4: My pht o tc
8.5: ng c tha hnh
my in mt chiu
8.1: Khuych i my in
(my in khuych i t trng ngang)
My khuych i in t l 1 my in quay dng
khuych i tn hiu in thu c t cc phn t trong mch
o lng a vo mch khng ch.
- C th ch to nhng my in khuych i in t c h
s khuych i K = 10.000 100.000. Cht lng ca my cn
c nh gi bi kh nng tc dng nhanh ca n, xc nh
bng hng s thi gian in t T ca my (T = 0,05 0,3s)
- My in khuych i t trng ngang c 2 bc khuych i:
i u
v v
r r
vao
ra
K . K
I . U
I . U
P
P
K = = =
Vi: l h s khuych i in
p.

l h s khuych i dng
in.
v
r
u
U
U
K =
v
r
i
I
I
K =
xt c 2 yu t trn ngi ta dng h s cht lng:
T
K
K
K
cl
=
Next
Chng 8
Back
my in mt chiu
1. Cu to:
U
1
OB
I
1
u
1
CP
C
O
I
3
R
B
CB
CTT
I
2 u
1
E
2
E
3
u
2
R
t
Gm cc cun dy:
- OB l cun iu khin.
- CB l cun b.
- in tr R
B
ni vi cun b iu
chnh mc b (Chng b tha
nhiu qu trnh cho my b t kch
thch).
- Cun cc t ph CP ci thin i chiu cho cp chi
than 2-2.
- mch ngang c cun tr t CTT h thp dng in I
2

do ci thin i chiu cho cp chi 1-1.
- phn ng c 2 cp chi than: 1-1 mch ngang. 2-2
mch dc.
Next
Chng 8
Back
my in mt chiu
1 1
u
1
u
2
2
2
- trnh hin tng dao ng dng cun n nh O ni qua
t C.
2. Nguyn l lm vic:
- Nu ta a vo cun iu khin OB in p U
1
th trong n
c dng I
1
. Dng I
1
sinh ra u
1
. Khi phn ng quay s cm ng
trong mch ngang 1 sc in ng E
2
c gi tr nh nhng v
mch ngang ni tt nn trong mch ngang xut hin dng I
2

c gi tr tng i ln. I
2
sinh ra u
2
. u
2
cm ng trong mch
dc 1 sc in ng E
3
. Khi mch ngoi c ti th xut hin
I
3
.
- H s khuych i ca my in khuych i c 2 bc
cng sut:
Bc 1: khuych i cng sut t P
1
= U
1
.I
1
n P
2
= E
2
.I
2

K
1
.
Bc 2: khuych i cng sut t P
2
= E
2
.I
2
n P
3
= U
3
.I
3

K
2
.
Khi :
2 1
1
2
2
3
1
3
K K
P
P
.
P
P
P
P
K = = =
Next
Chng 8
Back
my in mt chiu
3. c tnh ngoi ca my in khuych i:
U
3
= f(I
3
) khi f
1
= const v n = const.
Khi c ti mch dc c dng I
3
. Dng ny sinh ra t thng
dc trc kh t ngc chiu u
1
. Cun b CB lm nhim v b li
sc t ng do phn ng phn ng dc trc gy nn.
U
0
U
3
0
I
3
(3)
(1)
(2)
H s b:

Vi F
CB
: do cun b sinh ra.
F
d
: phn ng phn ng dc trc kh
t.
d
CB
b
F
F
K =
- Khi F
CB
= F
d
K
b
= 1 c tnh c dng ng (1).
- Khi F
CB
> F
d
K
b
> 1: b tha - ng (2 )
- Khi F
CB
< F
d
K
b
< 1: b thiu - ng (3).
ng
dng:
Next
Chng 8
Back
my in mt chiu
8.2: My pht hn mt chiu
My pht hn phi c c tnh ngoi U = f(I) c dc
cao nh hnh v. My pht hn c sn xut vi:
U = 35V (U
0
= 80) v I = 500A
0
U
R
t1
R
t2
R
t3
I
Thc t ch to c loi my
pht c bit c s nh sau:
Khi I tng t thng ca cc cc ln
u
d
gim nhiu cn t thng ca cc
cc b u
n
khng thay i (do li
thp bo ho) t thng tng (u
d

+ u
n
) gim rt nhanh khin cho U
AB

h thp rt nhiu nn c tnh
ngoi rt dc. Ch : Khi I tng U
BC

cung cp cho cc dy qun kch
thch vn gi khng i v u
n

khng i.
Next
Chng 8
Back
+ -
R
t
I

N
n
N
d
C
B
S
d
S
n
A
I
"
I
'
F
1
F
2
my in mt chiu
My pht 1 cc l loi my c bit khng vnh gp cho
php t c dng in ln (n 50000A) in p thp (1
50V).
8.3: My pht mt cc
Cu to nh hnh v:
Hai cc t hnh tr lng
vo nhau. Thanh dn t
trn hnh tr trong (Rto)
(hay c th dng chnh bn
thn rto thay cho thanh
dn) hai u ni cht vi 2
vnh C
1
v C
2
.
Khi rto quay trong cc thanh dn s sinh ra sc in ng
v dng in ly ra t cc chi t ln 2 vnh C
1
v C
2
. V
dng in rt ln, trnh tn hao ngi ta dng chi than
bng kim loi lng (thu ngn Natri) dn dng ra ngoi.
My pht 1 cc c dng cho in phn, cp in cho cc
nam chm in ca thit b tng tc
Next
Chng 8
C
1

C
2

o
2
S
o
1
N
my in mt chiu
L my pht in dng bin i chuyn ng quay
thnh tn hiu in (in p). Yu cu i vi loi my ny
l phi c quan h U = f(n) l ng thng v chnh xc
0,2 0,5 %.
8.4: My pht o tc
- Khi khng ti ta c: U = E = C
e
.u.n = K
e
.n (v u = const).
t
-
R
U
t
-
R
U
- Khi c ti : I = U = E - .R


U = E - I.R E = U.(1 + )


t
-
R
U
t
-
e
t
-
-
-
R
R
1
n . K
R
R
1
E
U
+
=
+

Next
Chng 8
Back
my in mt chiu
n
U

R
t
=
R
t1
R
t2
Hnh a
U

n
Hnh b
Nu b qua tc dng ca phn
ng phn ng v st p do tip
xc gia chi than vnh gp
th c tnh u ra l tuyn
tnh. (h a).
gim qun tnh ca phn
quay v s p mch ca t
thng v in p v s tn ti
ca rng trn mt phn ng ta
dng rto rng.
Nhim v: bin i tn hiu in (in p iu khin)
nhn c thnh di chuyn c hc ca trc tc ng ln cc b
phn iu khin hoc iu chnh khc.
8.5: ng c tha hnh
Yu cu: tc ng nhanh, chnh xc, mmen v tc quay
phi ph thuc vo in p iu khin theo quan h ng
thng.
Cu to: tng t nh 1 ng c kch t c lp. N c th -
c iu khin trn phn ng hoc trn cc t:
ng c tha hnh tc ng nhanh ngi ta ch to phn
ng c qun tnh nh di dng rto rng hoc dt hnh a
c mch in.
Next
Chng 8
Back
my in mt chiu
+ Khi iu khin cc t: in p iu khin c a vo dy
qun kch thch. Nh vy cng sut iu khin s nh nhng
quan h n = f(U
k
) khng l ng thng.
+ Khi iu khin trn phn ng in p kch thch t th-
ng trc trn dy qun kch thch, ng c trng thi
chun b tha hnh. Khi c U
k
t ln dy qun phn ng
lp tc ng c hot ng. Vi phng php iu khin ny:
M = f(U
k
) v n = f(U
k
) l nhng ng thng.
Phn II: My bin p
Chng 1: Nguyn l lm vic - kt cu c bn
Chng 2: T ni dy - mch t ca my bin p
Chng 3: Cc quan h in t trong my
Chng 4: My bin p lm vic vi ti
khng i xng
Chng 5: Qu trnh qu trong my bin p
Next
Ni dung
Back
Chng 6: My bin p c bit
my bin p
Chng 1: Nguyn l lm vic
V kt cu c bn
1.1: Nguyn l lm vic
1.2: Phn loi my bin p
1.3: Cu to my bin p
Next
Phn II
Back
my bin p
1.1: Nguyn l lm vic
Next
Back
1. nh ngha:
2. Nguyn l lm vic:
Cun dy (1) c s vng W
1
, t vo
li c in p u
1
gi l cun dy s
cp.
Cun dy (2) c s vng W
2
l cun
dy th cp.
Hai cun dy cng c qun trn li st
(3)
Z
t
l ph ti ca bin
p
Z
t

|
i
1

W
2

u
1

i
2

u
2

W
1

t in p hnh sin u
1
vo dy qun s cp th t thng
do n sinh ra cng l hnh sin: u = u
m
.sinet. Theo nh lut
cm ng in t sc in ng cm ng trong dy qun
(1) v (2) s l:
e
1
= - W
1
. = - W
1
. = - W
1
.e.u
m
.coset
dt
du
dt
t d
m
e u sin .
= W
1
.e.u
m
.sin (et - ) =
(1)
2
t
|
.
|

\
|
t
e
2
t E 2
1
sin . .
Vi: E
1
= = 4,44.W
1
.f.u
m
(2)
2
W f 2
2
W
m 1 1 m 1
u t
=
u e . . . .
my bin p
Tng t: (3)
dt
d
W e
2 2
u
=
|
.
|

\
|
t
e =
2
t sin . E . 2
2
Vi: E
2
= = 4,44.W
2
.f.u
m
(4)
2
W
m 2
u e. .
Next
Chng 1
Back
T s my bin p K:
2
1
m 2
m 1
2
1
W
W
. f . W . 44 , 4
. f . W . 44 , 4
E
E
K =
u
u
= =
- Nu b qua in p ri trn dy qun s cp v th cp
th ta c: U
1
~ E
1
v U
2
~ E
2

2
1
2
1
U
U
E
E
K ~ =
- Trong my bin p l tng: P
1
= P
2
U
1
.I
1
= U
2
.I
2

1
2
2
1
I
I
U
U
K = =
my bin p
1.2: Phn loi my bin p
1. Phn theo cng dng:
My bin p in lc: Dng truyn ti v phn phi
in nng trong h thng in lc.
My bin p t ngu: Bin i in p trong 1 phm vi
khng ln dng m my cc ng c in xoay chiu.
My bin p chuyn dng: L nhng loi my bin p ch
dng trong nhng lnh vc nht nh: my bin p hn, my
bin p chnh lu, my bin p cao tn...
My bin p o lng: Dng gim p v dng in ln a
vo dng c o.
My bin p th nghim: Dng th nghim in p
cao.
Next
Chng 1
Back
my bin p
2. Phn loi theo phng php lm mt:
My bin p kiu li: C dy qun bao quanh li thp.
My bin p kiu v (bc): C 1 phn mch t bao quanh 1
phn dy qun.
My bin p du: Lm mt bng du.
My bin p kh: Lm mt bng khng kh.
3. Phn loi theo s pha v s tr:
My bin p 1 pha, 3 pha, nhiu pha.
My bin p 3 pha 3 tr, 3 pha 5 tr.
My bin p 2 dy qun, 3 dy qun, nhiu dy qun.
Next
Chng 1
Back
my bin p
1.3: Cu to my bin p
Next
Chng 1
Back
My bin
p trung
th
my bin p
Cu to MBA lc 3 pha
Np my
cnh tn nhit
S cao p
Mc my
S h p
V my
Next
Chng 1
Back
Next
Chng 1
Back
1. Li thp:
- gim tn hao do
dng in xoy mch
t ca my bin p c
ghp t nhng l thp
KT dy 0,35 0,5
mm c sn cch in
vi nhau.
hnh thnh khung t ca my bin p ta c 2 kiu ghp
nh sau:
Ghp ni (ri) Ghp xen k
Lt 1 Lt 2
T
T
T
G
G
T T
G
G
My bin p kiu li 1 pha v 3
pha
Next
Chng 1
Back
my bin p
T T T
G
G
G G
T
G
G
G G
My bin p kiu bc 1 pha v 3
pha
Tit din tr st thng l hnh bc thang
Tit din ca gng
c th l hnh
vung, hnh ch
thp, hnh ch T...
Next
Chng 1
Back
2. Dy qun:
L b phn truyn ti nng lng t u vo n u
ra ca my bin p. Dy qun my bin p thng lm bng
ng, cng c th lm bng nhm.
my bin p
S bc a gic n: D
n
100mm n = 4
D
n
(100 500) mm n = 5 ; 6
D
n
1000 mm n = 9 ;10
Theo cch b tr
dy qun cao p (CA)
v h p (HA) ta chia
thnh dy qun ng
tm (a) v dy qun
xen k (b).
HA
CA
(b)
HA
CA
(a)
Trong thc t ngi ta thng dng dy qun ng tm, bao
gm cc kiu sau:
Dy qun hnh tr: Tit din dy
trn nh thng lm dy qun CA v
qun nhiu lp. Nu tit din dy
ln dng dy dn bt qun 2 lp (th-
ng qun ghp 2 hoc nhiu si)
ch yu dng lm dy qun HA (s
6KV).
Next
Chng 1
Back
my bin p
Dy qun xon c lin tc:
Dy qun ny ch yu dng
lm cun CA in p > 35 KV
v dung lng ln.
Ngoi qun vo
Trong qun ra
3. V my: Gm thng v np thng.
Next
Chng 1
Back
my bin p
Dy qun hnh xon
(dy qun ghp): Kiu ny th-
ng dng cho my bin p trung
bnh v ln. Nu tit din ln
d gia cng c th ghp kp
dy qun bt.
Ghp n
Ghp kp
my bin p
Chng 2: T ni dy v mch t
My bin p
2.1. T ni dy my bin p
Back
Next
Phn II
2.2. Mch t ca my bin p
2.1. T ni dy my bin p
Next
Chng 2
Back
1. Cch k hiu u dy:
Tn dy qun u u
u cui
- Cao p CA 1 pha A X
3 pha A, B, C X, Y, Z
- H p HA 1 pha a x
3 pha a, b, c x, y, z
- Trung p 1 pha A
m
X
m
3 pha A
m
, B
m
, C
m
X
m
, Y
m
, Z
m
- Dy trung tnh: Pha cao p: O; H p: o; Trung p:
O
m
my bin p
2. Cc kiu u dy qun:
Cc kiu u dy ca my bin p ph thuc vo cp
in p, mc nh hng ca ph ti khng i xng v
loi ph ti.
a) Ni sao (Y , Y
0
):
Trong dy qun ni Y: U
d
= U
f
, I
d
= I
f
. 3
A B C
X Y Z
(Y)
X Y Z
A B C O
(Y
0
)
Dy qun ni Y dng cho dy qun CA v
khi U
f
< U
d
ln c li v mt cch
in. Dy qun ni Y
0
dng trong trng hp
ph ti hn hp dng c U
d
v U
f
, ch yu
dng cho dy qun HA. Trong 1 s t trng
hp dng c cho CA.
3
b) Ni tam gic (A):
3
Thng dng cho dy qun HA ca my bin
p trung gian. Vic ni A c li hn pha
HA v dng in I
f
< I
d
ln c th
gim tit din dy thun tin cho vic
ch to.
3
A B C
X Y Z
(A)
Trong dy qun ni A : I
d
= I
f
, U
d
=
U
f
.
Back Next Chng 2
my bin p
Next
Chng 2
Back
c) Ni Zch zc
(Z):
Mi pha dy qun c chia lm 2 phn
t trn 2 tr khc nhau, ni ni tip nhau
v u ngc nhau. Trng hp ny u
phc tp v tn dy ng ch dng
trong nhng trng hp c bit: my bin
p chnh lu, my bin p o lng...
A B C
A' B' C'
X' Y' Z'
X Y Z
3. T ni dy ca my bin p:
T ni dy biu th gc lch pha gia cc sc in ng
dy qun s cp v th cp ca my bin p.
Gc lch pha ny (t ni dy) ph thuc
vo:
- Chiu qun dy.
- Cch k hiu cc u dy
- Kiu u dy s cp v th cp.
my bin p
Next
Chng 2
Back
a) Xc nh t ni dy ca my bin p 1 pha:
xc nh t ni dy ca my
bin p ta dng phng php kim ng h:
1
2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
1
o = 0
o
I/I-12
o = 180
o
I/I-6
E
A
A
X x
E
a
a
A
X
a
x
X x
E
A
E
a

A
a
A
X
x
a
my bin p
b) Xc nh t ni dy ca my bin p 3 pha:
* My bin p 3 pha ni Y/Y:
a b
c
x y
z
A B C
X Y Z
B
E
AB
Y
C
Z
X
A
b
c
a
E
ab y
z
x
Next
Chng 2
Back
Nu hon v th t cc pha th cp
hoc i chiu qun dy hay i k
hiu u dy ca dy qun th cp ta
c cc t ni dy chn: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12.
E
AB
E
ab
Y/Y - 12
my bin p
* My bin p 3 pha ni Y/A:
A B
C
X Y Z
a b
c
x y z
C
A
E
AB
B
Y
Z
X
x
y
z
E
ab
11
E
AB
E
ab
o = 30
o
Y/A - 11
Next
Chng 2
Back
Nu ta i th t cc pha th cp hoc i chiu qun
dy hay i k hiu u dy ca dy qun th cp ta c
cc t ni dy l: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11.
Gi thit dy qun s cp ni hnh Y, dy qun th cp ni A.
b
c
a
my bin p
* My bin p 3 pha ni Y/Z:
Gi thit dy qun s cp ni hnh Y, dy qun th cp ni Z.
C
A
E
AB
B
Y
Z
X
c
b'x'
a
E
ab
c'y'
b
a'z'
y
z
x
Cch xc nh:
V vc t xa ngc
pha vi XA. a z.
t tip zc trng
pha vi ZC.
V tng t ta c:
yb v xa;
zc v yb.
Next
Chng 2
Back
a b
c
a' b' c'
x' y'
z'
x y z
A B
C
X Y Z
Y/Z-11
my bin p
Bi tp: xc nh cc t ni dy trong cc s
sau:
b c a
x y z
A B C
X Y Z
A B
C
X Y Z
c b
a
x y z
A B C
X Y Z
a b
c
x y z
c a b
x y z
A B C
X Y Z
A B
C
X Y Z
b a
c
x y z
A B C
X Y Z
c a
b
x y z
2.2. Mch t ca my bin p
Next
Chng 2
Back
1. Cc dng mch t:
a) Vi my bin p 1 pha: c 2 loi kt cu mch t: kiu
li v kiu bc.
b) Vi my bin p 3 pha:
A a B b C
c
x y z
X Y
Z
a b
c
A B
C
My bin p c h thng mch t ring: T my bin p 3 pha
My bin p c h thng mch t chung: My bin p 3 pha 3 tr
(*)
my bin p
2. Cc hin tng xy ra khi t ho li thp:
Ta xt khi my bin p lm vic khng ti. Ngha l khi t
vo dy qun s cp in p hnh sin cn dy qun th
cp h mch. a) My bin p 1 pha:
Ngha l t thng sinh ra cng bin thin hnh sin theo thi
gian:
u = u
m
.sin(et - ).
2
t
Khi c in p hnh sin u = U
m
.sinet
t vo dy qun s cp s sinh ra
dng khng ti i
0
chy trong n. i
0
sinh ra
t thng u chy trong li thp. Nu b
qua in p ri trn in tr dy qun
th ta c:
dt
du
u = - e = W. .
* Nu khng k n tn hao trong li thp th dng i
0
l
dng phn khng t ho li thp i
0
= i
0X
. Do quan h u
= f(i
0
) chnh l quan h t ho B = f(H).
Next
Back
Chng 2
u
1
i
0 i
2
u
2

my bin p
* Nu k n tn hao trong li thp th quan h u(i
0
)
l quan h t tr B(H). Khi i
0
c dng nhn u nhng
vt trc u mt gc o no . o c gi l gc tn hao t
tr, ph thuc vo tn hao t tr trong li thp.
U
1
I
0
o
I
0r
I
0x
u
m
Dng khng ti gm
hai thnh phn:
+ I
0x
l thnh phn
phn khng t ho
li thp to nn u v
cng chiu vi u.
+ I
0r
gy nn tn hao
st t trong li thp:
Thc t o nh I
0x
~
I
0

2
r 0
2
x 0 0
I I I + =
Next
Back
Chng 2
my bin p
B (u)
u,i
0
0
0
H(i
0
)
i
0
u
o
t
b) My bin p 3 pha:
Next
Back
Khi khng ti nu xt tng pha ring l th dng bc 3 trong cc pha:
i
03A
= I
03m
. sin3et
i
03B
= I
03m
. sin3(et 120
0
) = I
03m
sin3et
i
03C
= I
03m
. sin3(et 240
0
) = I
03m

sin3et. Trng pha nhau v thi gian, song dng sng ph thuc vo
kt cu mch t v cch u dy qun.
* Trng hp my bin p ni Y/Y:
V dy qun s cp ni Y nn thnh phn dng bc 3
khng tn ti i
0
s c dng hnh sin v t thng do n sinh ra
c dng vt u: u = u
1
+ u
3
+u
5
.
- i vi t my bin p 3 pha :
V mch t ca c 3 pha ring r nn u
3
ca c 3 pha s
d dng khp mch nh u
1
. Trong dy qun s cp v th
cp ngoi sc in ng e
1
do u
1
sinh ra v chm sau u
1
1
gc 90
0
cn c e
3
do u
3
to ra v chm sau u
3,
90
0
.
Chng 2
my bin p
Sc in ng tng
trong pha: e = e
1
+ e
3
c dng
nhn u gy nguy him cho
cch in ca dy qun v h
hng thit b o lng. V vy
thc t khng dng kiu u Y/Y
cho t my bin p 3 pha.
- i vi my bin p 3 pha 3 tr:
V u
3
p mch vi tn s 3f qua
vch thng, gy nn tn hao ph
lm hiu sut my bin p gim.
Phng php u Y/Y cng ch
p dng cho cc my bin p 3 pha
3 tr vi dung lng s 5600KVA.
Next
Back
* My bin p 3 pha ni A/Y: Dy qun s cp ni A nn dng
i
03
s khp kn trong tam gic , dng t ho s c dng nhn
u u v e
1
, e
2
u l hnh sin nn khng c nhng bt li
nh trng hp trn.
Chng 2
my bin p
u
u
1

u
3

e
1

e
e
3

* My bin p 3 pha ni Y/A:
Tm li: Khi my bin p lm vic khng
ti cc cch u Y/A hay A/Y u trnh c tc
hi ca t thng v sc in ng iu ho
bc 3.
3. Tnh ton mch t:
Mc ch: xc nh dng in cn thit
t ho li thp v tn hao trong mch t.
Ta phn tch dng t ho thnh 2 thnh
phn:
+ Thnh phn tc dng i
0r
.
+ Thnh phn phn khng i
0x
.
a) Thnh phn dng in tc dng i
0r
: Ph thuc vo tn hao
st. Tn hao ny c th tnh gn ng:
p
Fe
= P
10/50
[B
t
2
.G
t
+ B
g
2
.G
g
] (W)

(A)
3 , 1
50
f
|
.
|

\
|
1
Fe
r 0
mU
p
i =
Next Back
Chng 2
u
3Y
u
3
0
(u
3A
)
23
E

23
I

my bin p
Vi: + p
10/50
l sut tn hao trong thp khi cng
t cm l 10 kiloGaux (hay 1T) v f = 50 Hz.
+ B
t
v B
g
l cng t cm trong tr v gng.
+ G
t
v G
g
l trng lng tr v gng tnh theo
kch thc hnh hc ca li thp (Kg).
+ m l s pha ca my bin p.
b) Thnh phn dng in phn khng:
C th tnh theo 2 phng php:
+ I
0x
= vi F = H
t
.l
t
+ H
g
.l
g
+ l sc t ng
trung bnh.
W . 2
F
3
2
o

.
Bt
. n
0
'
k
3
T
n
'
k
=
l s khe h tnh ton gia tr v
gng
1
g g . t t t . t
1
0
x 0
mU
S . q . n G . q G . q
mU
Q
I
o
+ +
= =
+
l sut t ho trong tr v gng.
g . t t . t
q , q
Next
Back Chng 2
my bin p
Chng 3: Cc quan h in t trong my
3.1: Cc phng trnh c bn
3.2: Mch in thay th ca my bin p
3.3: th vc t ca my bin p
Next
Phn II
Back
3.4: Xc nh tham s ca my bin p
3.5: thay i in p - c tnh ngoi
ca my bin p
3.6: Cn bng nng lng trong
my bin p
3.7: Ghp my bin p lm vic song song
my bin p
3.1: Cc phng trnh c bn
1. Phng trnh cn bng sc in ng:
u
2

W
1
W
2

u
1

i
1

i
2

|
e
1

e
2

- Phn ln u c khp kn qua mch
t v mc vng vi c 2 dy qun ,
sinh ra trong 2 dy qun cc sc
in ng chnh:
dt
d
W
dt
d
e
1
1
1
u
=

= (3.1)
dt
d
W
dt
d
e
2
2
2
u
=

=
(3.2)
Trong :
1
= W
1
.u

2
= W
2
.u
- Mt phn t thng khng khp kn qua mch t m khp
mch qua khng kh hoc du my bin p l t thng tn
u
o1
v u
o2
dt
d
. W
dt
d
e
1
1
1
1
o o
o
u
=

=
(3.3)
dt
d
. W
dt
d
e
2
2
2
2
o o
o
u
=

=
(3.4)
Vi 1 1 1
. W
o o
u =
2 2 2
. W
o o
u =
Next
Chng 3
Back
my bin p
Do cc t trng tn ch khp kn qua mi trng phi t
tnh c t thm = const. Khi c th xem nh t thng
tn t l vi dng in sinh ra n thng qua h s in cm
tn L
o1
v L
o2
.
V vy ta c = L
o1
.i
1
v = L
o2
.i
2

e
o1
= - L
o1
. (3.5) v e
o2
= - L
o2
. (3.6)
1 o

2 o

dt
di
1
dt
di
2
- p dng lut Kishop 2 cho mch vng s cp v th cp ta
c:
Pha s cp: u
1
+ e
1
+ e
o1
= i
1
.r
1
u
1
= - e
1
- e
o1
+ i
1
.r
1
Pha th cp: e
2
+ e
o2
= u
2
+ i
2
.r
2
u
2
= e
2
+ e
o2
i
2
.r
2

Biu din di dng phc:
(3.7)
1 1 1 1 1
r I E E U

+ =
o
2 2 2 2 2
r I E E U

+ =
o
(3.8)
- Vi gi thit u
1
l hnh sin th i
1
= I
1m
sinet.Thay vo biu thc
(3.5)
e
o1
= - L
o1
. = - L
o1
.I
1m
.e.coset = L
o1
.I
1m
.e.sin(et
- )
= .E
o1
. sin(et - )
dt
) t sin I ( d
m 1
e
2
t
2
t
2
. I . L
E
m 1 1
1
e
=
o
o
2
(3.9) Vi
Next
Chng 3
Back
my bin p
Tng t: e
o2
= .E
o2
. sin(et - ) (3.10) 2
2
t
Biu din di dng phc: (3.11)
(3.12)
Vi x
1
= L
o1
.e v x
2
= L
o2
.e l in khng tn ca dy qun s
cp v th cp.
1 1 1
x I j E

=
o
2 2 2
x I j E

=
o
Thay vo (3.7) v (3.8) ta c:
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Z I E U
) r jx ( I E r I x I j E U


+ =
+ + = + =
(3.13)
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Z I E U
) r jx ( I E r I x I j E U


=
+ = =
(3.14)
Next
Chng 3
Back
2
. I . L
m 2 2
e
o
Vi E
o2
=
my bin p
2.Phng trnh cn bng sc t ng:
Nu b qua in p ri trn dy qun s cp th ta
c:
U
1
= E
1
= 4,44W
1
fu
m
. Nhng U
1
= U
m
= const d my bin p
khng ti hay c ti nn u
m
= const v E
1
= const. u
m
=
const th sc t ng khi khng ti sinh ra u
m
phi bng tng
sc t ng s cp v th cp khi c ti tng sc t ng
cng sinh ra u = u
m
.
Ta c phng trnh cn bng sc t ng ca my bin
p:
i
1
W
1
+ i
2
W
2
= i
0
W
1


1 0 2 2 1 1
W I W I W I

= +
Next
Chng 3
Back
Khi MBA c ti dng I
1
gm 2 thnh phn: Thnh phn I
0

dng sinh ra t thng trong my bin p cn thnh phn (-
I
2
) lm nhim v b li tc dng ca ti trong mch th cp.
0
1
2
2 1
I
W
W
I I

= +
) I ( I I
'
2 0 1

+ =
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ =
1
2
2 0 1
W
W
I I I




my bin p
u
2

W
1
W
2

u
1

i
1

i
2

|
e
1

e
2

3.2: Mch in thay th ca my bin p
1. Quy i my bin p:
a) Sc in ng v in p th cp quy i , :
'
2
E
'
2
U
Ta c: = W
1
v E
1
= Mt khc:

= k.E
2
Vi k l h s quy i ca my bin p.
Tng t: = k.U
2

k
W
W
E
E
hay
W
W
E
E
'
= = =
2
1
2
2
2
1
2
1
'
2
W
'
2
E
'
2
E
'
2
U
b) Dng in th cp quy i :
'
2
I
E
2
.I
2
=
'
2
E
'
2
I
2 2
'
2
2
'
2
I
k
1
I
E
E
I = =
Next
Chng 3
Back
my bin p
c) in tr, in khng v tng tr th cp quy i:
2
2
2
2
'
2
2 '
2
'
2
2 '
2 2
2
2
r k r
I
I
r r I r I =
|
|
.
|

\
|
= =
2
2 '
2
x k x =
2
2 '
2
Z k Z =
t
2 '
t
Z k Z =
d) H phng trnh c bn sau quy i:
1 1 1 1
Z I E U

+ =
' ' ' '
Z I E U
2 2 2 2

=
) I ( I I
'
2 0 1

+ =
Next
Chng 3
Back
my bin p
2. Mch in thay th:
x
m
r
m

r
1
x
1
r

2
x

2
'
t
Z
'
2
U

0
I

'
2 1
E E

=
1
U

1
I

'
2
I

3. Mch in thay th n gin ca my bin p:

Thc t thng Z
m
>> Z
1
v nn ta coi Z
m
= ~ 0
=
'
2
Z
0
I

1
I

'
2
I

r
n
x
n
'
t
Z
'
2
U

1
U

1
I

'
2
I

=
'
2 1 n
r r r + =
'
2 1 n
x x x + =
n n n
jx r Z + =
Z
n
l tng tr ngn mch ca my
bin p
u
'
2
I

0
I

1
I
1
E

1 1
r I

1 1
x I j

1
U

'
2
U

'
2
I

'
2
'
2
x I j

'
2 1
E E

=
'
2
'
2
r I

Khi ph ti i xng in p t vo
dy qun s cp U
1
= const v f =
const. Da vo h phng trnh ca my
bin p khi c ti:
3.3: th vc t ca my bin p
1 1 1 1
Z I E U

+ =
'
2
'
2
'
2
'
2
Z I E U

=
) I ( I I
'
2 0 1

+ =
'
2 1
E E

=
1.Khi ti c tnh cht cm (RL):
V ti c tnh cht cm nn chm
sau 1 gc
'
2
I

'
2
E

'
2
'
t
'
2
'
t
2
r r
x x
artg
+
+
=
T th vc t <
v
1
= ( , )>
2
= ( , )
'
2
U

'
2
E

1
U

1
I

'
2
U

'
2
I

Next
Chng 3
Back

1
my bin p
u
'
2
I

0
I

1
I

1
E

1 1
r I

1 1
x I j

1
U

'
2
U

'
2
I

'
2
'
2
x I j

'
2 1
E E

=
'
2
'
2
r I

2
Next
Chng 3
Back
2. Khi ti c tnh dung (RC):
V ti c tnh dung nn vt
trc 1 gc

'
2
I

'
2
E

'
2
'
t
'
2
'
t
2
r r
x x
artg
+
+
=
T th vc t
>
v
1
<
2
'
2
E

'
2
U

my bin p
* Tng ng vi mch in thay th n gin ( = 0)
ta c th vc t n gin. Khi :
) jx r ( I U Z I U U
n n 1
'
2 n 1
'
2 1
+ + = + =

0
I

Next
Chng 3
Back

2
'
2 1
I I

=
1
U

n 1
x I j

n 1
r I

'
2
U

'
2
U

1
U

n 1
r I

'
2 1
I I

=
RC:
1
<
2
RL:
1
>
2

n 1
x I j

my bin p
1. Phng php xc nh tham s bng thc nghim:
a) Th nghim khng ti:
3.4: Xc nh tham s ca my bin p
S th nghim khng ti ca my bin p 1 pha:
U
1
U
20
P
0
U
10
I
0
A
W
V
V
Ta c:
T s my bin p:
20
1
2
1
U
U
W
W
K ~ =
0
1
0
I
U
Z =
2
0
0
0
I
P
r =
2
0
2
0 0
r Z x =
0 1
0
0
I U
P
cos =
Next
Chng 3
Back
my bin p
S th nghim khng ti ca my bin p 3 pha:
A
V
W
A
I
0
P
0
A
V V
V
W
V
V
Vi my bin p 3 pha u Y/Y:
d 0
d 0
f 0
f 0
0
I . 3
U
I
U
Z = =
2
d 0
0
0
I . 3
P
r =
2
0
2
0 0
r Z x =
Vi my bin p 3 pha u A/Y:
d 0
d 0
f 0
f 0
0
I
U . 3
I
U
Z = =
2
d 0
0
2
f 0
0
0
I
P
I . 3
P
r = =
2
0
2
0 0
r Z x =
H s cng sut cos
0
=
d 0 d 0
0
I . U . 3
P
T s my bin p: k =
2 f
1 f
U
U
Next
Chng 3
Back
my bin p
Bng th nghim khng ti ta xc nh c cc tham
s ca gin thay th khi my bin p khng ti: r
1
x
1
x
m


r
m
0
I

1
U

1
E

Khi my bin p khng ti th = 0 do

cc tham s khng ti: Z
0
= Z
1
+ Z
m
r
0
= r
1
+ r
m
x
0
= x
1
+ x
m

2
I

Thng thng cc my bin p in lc:

r
1
<< r
m
v x
1
<< x
m
nn c th coi tng
tr, in tr, in khng khng ti bng
cc tham s t ho tng ng: Z
0
~ Z
m
, x
0
~
x
m
, r
0
~ r
m
.
- Khi khng ti ta c h phng trnh:
1 0 1 1
Z I E U

+ =
1
'
2
'
20
E E U = =

0 1
I I

=

u
0
I

1
U

1
E

'
2 1
E E

=
1 0
x I j

1 0
r I

Next
H s cos lc khng ti rt nh: cos
0

< 0,1
my bin p
b) Th nghim ngn mch:
W A
I
n P
n
V
U
1
U
1n
Vi my bin p 1 pha:
n
n
n
I
U
Z =
2
n
2
n n
r Z x =
2
n
n
n
I
P
r =
Vi my bin p 3 pha ni Y/Y:
nd
nd
n
I . 3
U
Z =
2
nd
n
n
I . 3
P
r =
2
n
2
n n
r Z x =
Vi my bin p 3 pha ni A/Y:
nd
nd
n
I
U . 3
Z =
2
nd
n
n
I
P
r =
2
n
2
n n
r Z x =
Next
Chng 3
Back
my bin p
1 1 1 1
Z I E U
n

+ =
' ' '
n
'
n
Z I E U
2 2 2 2
0

= =
Gin thay th ca my bin p khi ngn mch:
r
n
x
n
n
I

1
U

; ; l tng
tr, in tr, in khng ngn mch ca my bin p.
n n n
jx r Z + =
'
2 1 n
r r r + =
'
2 1 n
x x x + =
V i
0
~ 0 nn cng sut lc ngn mch l cng sut dng
b vo tn hao ng trong dy qun s cp v th cp
ca my bin p.
n
2
n 1
'
2 1
2
n 1
'
2
2 '
n 2 1
2
n 1 2 cu 1 cu n
r I ) r r ( I
r I r I p p P
= + =
+ = + =
Next
Chng 3
Back
Mt khc: Khi ngn mch in p t vo rt b nn
t thng chnh u
m
rt b, ngha l dng t ho b c
th b qua thnh phn t ho
'
2 1
I I

=
( ) ( ) | |
n
' '
Z I x x j r r I
1 2 1 2 1 1

= + + + =
' '
n
'
n
Z I E E
2 2 1 2

= =
) Z Z ( I Z I Z I U
' ' '
2 1 1 1 1 2 2 1
+ = + =

my bin p
B
A
n
0
n dm nr
r I U

=
n dm nx
x I j U

=
n dm n
Z I U

=
dm
I

I
m
Z
n
I
m
r
n
n dm
x I
1 dm
r I

'
2 dm
x I j

1 dm
x I j

'
2 dm
r I

dm
I

in p ngn mch c th xem nh 1 i lng c trng cho

in tr v in khng tn ca my bin p: U
nr
= I
1
.r
n
v
U
nx
= I
1
.x
n

100 .
U
Z I
100 .
U
U
% u
dm
n dm
dm
n
n
= =
Cc thnh phn in p ngn mch l:
100 .
U
r I
100 .
U
U
% u
dm
n dm
dm
nr
nr
= = 100 .
U
x I
100 .
U
U
% u
dm
n dm
dm
nx
nx
= =
Next
Chng 3
Back
my bin p
1. thay i in p:
3.5: thay i in p - c tnh ngoi
ca my bin p
Hiu s s hc gia cc tr s ca in p th cp lc
khng ti U
20
v lc c ti U
2
trong iu kin U
1m
khng
i gi l thay i in p AU ca my bin p.
Trong h n v tng i:
'
2
dm 1
'
2 dm 1
'
20
'
2
'
20
20
2 20
U 1
U
U U
U
U U
U
U U
U
- -
=

= A (3.23)
Trong :
dm 1
'
2 '
2
U
U
U =
-
thay i in p AU c th c xc nh da vo
biu vc t n gin v trong h n v tng i.
Gi s MBA lm vic 1 ti no c h s ti
v h s cos
2

dm 2
2
I
I
= |
Next
Chng 3
Back
my bin p
0
I

2*
U

2*
U
1*
=1
n
P
b
a
C B
Tam gic in khng ABC c:
| = = =
| = = =
. U
I
I
.
U
x . I
U
x . I
AB
. U
I
I
.
U
r . I
U
r . I
CB
* nx
'
H 2
'
2
H 1
n
'
H 2
H 1
n
'
2
* nr
'
H 2
'
2
H 1
n
'
H 2
dm 1
n
'
2
A
Next
Chng 3 Back
Thay vo (3.23):
T A h ng vung gc vi OC v ct OC ti P.
t AP = n; CP = m. Khi :
m
n
m n U
'
*
~ =
2
1 1
2
2
2
(3.24)
AU* = 1 - = 1 - 1 + + m = + m
'
* 2
U
2
n
2
2
2
n
(3.25)
Theo th vc t:
m = CP = Ca + aP = U
nr*
.|.cos
2
+ U
nx*
.|.sin
2
n = Ab bP = U
nx*
.|.cos
2
- U
nr*
.|.sin
2

Thay vo (3.25) :
( ) ( )
2 * nx 2 * nr
2
2 * nr 2 * nx
2
*
sin . U cos . U . sin . U cos . U
2
U + | +
|
= A
m
my bin p
Thng thng s hng th nht ca bi thc rt nh c
th b qua v ta c:
(3.26)
( )
2 * nx 2 * nr *
sin . U cos . U . U + | = A
Nu tnh theo %: (3.27)
( )
2 * nx 2 * nr *
sin %. U cos %. U . % U + | = A
Trong biu thc tnh trn AU
*
, U
nr
, U
nx
c xc nh do
cu to ca MBA nh vy AU ch ph thuc vo h s ti v
tnh cht ca ti. l mi quan h: AU = f(|) khi cos
2
=
const
AU = f(cos
2
) khi | = const
th biu din mi quan h c v nh sau:
Cos
2
=0,7
Cos
2
=1
Cos
2
=0,7
1
|
-2
0
2
4

2
<0

2
>0
AU%

2
>0
AU%
2
4
0 0
Cos
2
-4
1
0,4 0,8

2
<0
Next
Chng 3
Back
my bin p
2. c tnh ngoi ca my bin p: U
2
= f(I
2
)
Khi U
1
= const; cos
2
= const; f =
const.
c tnh c dng:
0
I
2

2
<0
U
2
U
m

2
>0
AU

m
3. iu chnh in p ca my bin p:
S nguyn l iu chnh in p:
A A
X
3

X
2
X
1
X
3

X
2
X
1
A
X
A
2
A
4
A
6
A
3
A
5
A
7
A
2
A
7
A
6
A
5
A
4
A
3
Next
Chng 3
Back
X
1
X
2
X
3
Y
1

Y
2

Y
3
Z
1

Z
2

Z
3
my bin p
U
n
% = (5,5 15)% tu theo in p:
Gi tr nh my bin p c U
m
3,5 KV
Gi tr ln my bin p c U
m
> 500 KV
Thng I
2
= I
2m
, cos
2
= 0,8, U
n
% = (5,5
15)% Th AU
m
% = (5, 8)%U
m

1. Cc loi tn hao v gin nng lng:
3.6: Gin nng lng trong my bin p
Cng sut tc dng:
P
2
P
1
P
t
p
cu2
p
Fe1
p
cu1
Cng sut phn khng:
Q
1
Q
t Q
2
q
cu1

q
Fe1
q
cu2
Next
Chng 3
Back
P
1
=
U
1
I
1
cos
1
.
P
2
= P
t
- p
cu2
= U
2
I
2
cos
2
.
p
cu1
= r
1
. ;p
Fe1
= r
m
.
2
1
I
2
0
I
P
t
= P
1
- p
cu1
- p
Fe1
=
cos
2
.
'
2
'
2
I E
p
cu2
=
'
2
2 '
2
r I
Q
1
= U
1
I
1
sin
1
.
Q
t
= Q
1
- q
1
- q
Fe
=
sin
2

'
2
'
2
I E
q
Fe
= x
m
. ; q
1
= x
1
.
2
0
I
2
1
I
Q
2
= Q
t
- q
2
= U
2
I
2
sin
2
.
'
2
2 '
2
x I q
2
=
my bin p
Gin nng lng tng hp:
P
1
j Q
1
P
t
jQ
t
P
2
jQ
2
p
cu1
jq
cu1

p
Fe
jq
Fe1
p
cu2
jq
cu2
Next
Chng 3
Back
2. Hiu sut my bin p:
% 100
P
P
%
1
2
= q % 100
P
p
1 % 100
P
p P
1 1
1
|
|
.
|

\
|
=

=

% 100
p p P
p p
1
Fe cu 2
Fe cu
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
+
=
+
q
0
|
q
max
n
0
P
P
Lc vn hnh my bin p hiu
sut c th tnh gin tip bng cch
xc nh cc tn hao ng vi ti
cn c theo tn hao khng ti P
0
v
tn hao ngn mch P
n
ghi trong
thuyt minh my.
% 100
P P cos . S
P P
1 %
n
2
0 2 dm
n
2
0
|
|
.
|

\
|
| + + |
| +
= q
Vy:
my bin p
n
2
2
dm 2
2
2
dm 2 n
2
2 n cu
p .
I
I
. I . r I . r p | =
|
|
.
|

\
|
= =
Khi my bin p lm vic ti vi I
2
v cos
2
ta c cng sut u ra: P
2
= U
2
I
2
cos
2
.
t I
2
/I
2m
= | . Do U
2
~ U
20
v S
m
=
U
20
.I
2m
P
2
= |.S
m
. cos
2
.
Mt khc U
1
= const t thng trong li thp
thay i rt t theo ti nn tn hao st xem
nh khng i : p
Fe
= P
0
. Tn hao ng:
1. ngha:
3.7: Ghp cc my bin p lm vic song song
2. S ghp:
U
1
U
2
a x
A X
3. iu kin vn hnh song song my bin p:
Cc my bin p c cng t ni dy.
C cng t s bin i K.
C in p ngn mch nh nhau.
a) iu kin cng t ni dy:
cbII
I

II 2
E

A
I 2
E

cbI
I

A
Xt 2 my bin p vn hnh song
song: My I v my II.
Nu chng c cng t ni dy th
in p th cp ca chng s trng pha
nhau. Nu t ni dy khc nhau th
gia cc in p th cp c s lch
pha.
Next
Chng 3
Back
my bin p
b) iu kin c cng t s bin i K:
Gi s K khc nhau E
2I
= E
2II
. Ngay khi khng ti trong dy
qun th cp ca cc my bin p s c dng cn bng do s
chnh lch in p: AE = E
2I
- E
2II
(hnh a).
Khi c ti: dng cn bng s cng vo dng in ti lm
cho h s ti ca cc my bin p khc nhau nh hng xu
n vic li dng cng sut cc my (hnh b).
2
U

'
II 2
I

cbII
I

cbI
I

'
I 2
I

tII tI
I I

=
Hnh b
2
U

nI cbI
Z I

I 2
E

nII cbII
Z I

II 2
E

cbII
I

cbI
I

Hnh a
Next
Chng 3
Back
my bin p
c) iu kin c cng tr s in p ngn mch:

=
+
=
ni nII nI
Z Z Z
Z
1
1
1 1
1
in p ri trn mch in:
I . Z U U U
'
2 1

= = A
l dng tng ca cc MBA
'
2 1
I I I

= =
Next
Back
(3.28)
Dng in ti ca mi my bin p:

= =
A
=
ni
nI
nI nI
'
I
Z
. Z
I
Z
I . Z
Z
U
I
1
2

My I:

My II:

= =
A
=
ni
nII
nII nII
'
II
Z
. Z
I
Z
I . Z
Z
U
I
1
2

(3.29)
(3.30)
Z
nI

Z
nII

'
I
I
2

'
II
I
2

A
1
U

'
2
U

1
I

'
I
2

Chng 3
my bin p

nII

nI
'
2
U

1
U

'
I 2
I

'
II 2
I

Thc t
nI
~
nII
nn khi tnh ton c th
thay th cc s phc bng m un ca
chng.
T (3.32) ta c:

=
ni
dmi
dmI
nI
'
I
U
I
.
I
U
I
I
2
Nhn 2 v vi
dmI dmI
dmI
dmI
dmI
I . U
U
S
U
=
Trong : S = U
mI
.I l tng
cng sut truyn ti ca cc
my bin p

= |
ni
dmi
nII
II
U
S
. U
S
nII nI
U
:
U
1 1
|
I
: |
II
=
Next
Chng 3
Back
Tnh tng t :

= |
ni
dmi
nI
I
U
S
. U
S

= =
ni
dmi
nI
ni
dmi
dmI nI
dmI
dmI
'
I
U
S
. U
S
U
I
. U . U
U . I
I
I
2
Ta c:
my bin p
my bin p
Chng 4: My bin p lm vic
vi ti khng i xng
4.1: Nguyn nhn - s bin i dng in
khng i xng
4.2: hin tng mt i xng cc in p pha khi
ti khng i xng
Next
Phn II
Back
4.1: Nguyn nhn - s bin i dng in
khng i xng
Next
Chng 4
1. Nguyn nhn:
- My bin p lm vic khng i xng khi ti phn phi
khng u cho 3 pha.
- Khi my bin p c t ni dy Y
0
/Y
0
, Y
0
/A , Y/Y
0
:
+ Y
0
/Y
0
: dng th t khng tn ti trong dy qun s cp
v th cp nn mch in thay th khng khc g thnh
phn th t thun.
+ Y
0
/A: Th cp ca mch thay th b ni tt v dng th t
khng khng chy ra mch ngoi.
+ Y/Y
0
: Pha ni Y khng c dy trung tnh nn i
t0
= 0, pha
c xem nh h mch.
Back
my bin p
0 A
I 3

0 a
I 3

0 A
I

0 B
I

0 C
I

0 a
I

0 b
I

0 c
I

O
A
B
C
o
a
b
c
0 A
I 3

0 A
I

0 B
I

0 C
I

O
A
B
C
0 a
I

0 b
I

0 c
I

a
b
c
0 A
I

0 B
I

0 C
I

A
B
C
0 a
I 3

0 a
I

0 b
I

0 c
I

o
a
b
c
Z
1
Z
2
Z
m
0 a
U

0 m
I

0 a
I

0 A
I

0 A
U

Z
1
Z
2
Z
m0
0 a
U

0 m
I

0 a
I

0 A
I

0 A
U

Z
1
Z
2
Z
m0
0 a
U

0 m
I

0 a
I

0 A
I

0 A
U

Z
n
0 a 0 A
I I

=
0 A
U

0 a
U

Z
m0
+Z
2
0 a
I

0 a
U

Z
n
0 A
I

0 A
U

Next
Chng 4
Back
my bin p
Next
Phn II
Back
4.2: hin tng mt i xng cc in p pha
khi ti khng i xng
1. Khi c dng in th t khng:
a) Ni Y/Y
0
: Khi ti khng i xng:
d c b a C B A
I I I I 0 I I I

= + + = + +
Ring dng th t khng pha th cp khng cn bng:
s sinh ra u
t0
v tng i ln.
3
I
I I I
d
0 c 0 b 0 a


= = = 0 m
E

1 A 0 m A A
Z I E E U

+ =
1 B 0 m B B
Z I E E U

+ =
1 C 0 m C C
Z I E E U

+ =
0 I I I
C B A
= + +

0 E E E
C B A
= + +

0 m 0 m 0 m C B A
Z I 3 E 3 U U U

= = + +
my bin p
V dy qun s cp ni Y nn ta c:
B A AB
U U U

=
C B BC
U U U

=
A C CA
U U U

=
( )
0 m 0 a
'
A 0 m 0 m CA AB A
Z . I U Z . I U U
3
1
U

+ = + =
( )
0 m 0 b
'
B 0 m 0 m AB BC B
Z . I U Z . I U U
3
1
U

+ = + =
( )
0 m 0 c
'
C 0 m 0 m BC CA C
Z . I U Z . I U U
3
1
U

+ = + =
- Do c thnh phn th t khng lm im
trung tnh ca in p s cp b lch i 1
khong bng
0 m 0 a
Z . I

A
C B
0 m 0 a A
'
A
Z I U U

C
'
C
U
U

B
'
B
U
U

- Tng t im trung tnh ca in p th

cp cng b lch i 1 khong ln
hn
0 m 0 a
Z . I

0 t 0 a
Z . I

- S x dch im trung tnh lm cho

in p pha khng i xng gy bt li
cho ti lm vic vi in p pha ngi
ta quy nh dng trong dy trung
tnh: I
d
< 0,25I
m
Next
Back
Chng 4
my bin p
b) Ni Y
0
/Y
0
, Y
0
/A:
V dng in th t khng tn ti c s cp v th cp
v cn bng nhau: nn khng sinh ra t
thng th t khng u
t0
v sc in ng im trung
tnh s b lch 1 khong ~ . S x dch ny
khng ng k v Z
n
nh
;... I I
0 a 0 A

=
0 t
E

n 0 a
Z . I

n d
Z . I
3
1

2. Khi khng c dng th t khng:Y/Y, Y/A, A/Y, A/A:

Ch : Khi ti khng cn bng, in p AU cc pha khng
bng nhau nhng v Z
n
nh nn s khng cn bng gia in
p pha v in p dy khng nghim trng.
Thc t: Nu ti khng i xng vi mc th t thun v ng-
c khc nhau < 5% in p c coi nh i xng.
Next Back
Chng 4
my bin p
Next
Phn II
Back
Chng 5: Qu trnh qu
trong my bin p
5.1: Qu dng in trong my bin p
5.2: Qu in p trong my bin p
my bin p
5.1: Qu dng in trong my bin p
Next
Back
1. ng my bin p vo li khi khng ti:
n gin ta gi thit u t l vi i
0
: i
0
=
1
1
L
W |
sin(et + ) = u + (5.2)
1
m 1
W
U
1
1
L
r
dt
d|
Trong qu trnh qu ca u, nghim ca phng trnh (2)
l:
u = u' + u"vi: u= u
m
sin(et + - ) = - u
m
cos(et + ) l
thnh

phn xc lp; u= C. l thnh phn t do.
Hng s tch phn C xc nh theo iu kin u: khi t =
0 li thp c t d ( u
d
): u = - u
m
cos + C= u
d
C =
u
m
(cos u
d
).
Khi khng ti I
0
= (5 10)I
m
nhng trong qu trnh qu khi
ng my bin p khng ti vo li dng I
0
tng gp nhiu ln.
Xt khi ng my bin p vo ngun hnh sin ta c:
U
1m
sin(et + ) = i
0
r
1
+ W
1

dt
d|
(5.1) : gc pha
u ca in
p u
1

my bin p
2
t
t
L
r
1
1
e

Vi:
( )
2
1
2
1 1
m 1 1
m
L r W
U L
e +
= u
u = - u
m
coset + (u
m
+ u
d
) (5.4)
= u' + u"
t
L
r
1
1
e

- Bt li nht l khi ng mch lc = 0

(in p bng 0) v u
d
= + u
d
:
- T thng s t cc i thi gian
na chu k sau khi ng mch (et ~
t)
- iu kin thun li nht ng my bin p khng ti vo li
l lc = (in p c tr s cc i) v u
d
= 0.
Khi : u = - u
m
cos(et + ) = u
m
sinet ngha l khng xy
ra qu trnh qu m trng thi xc lp c thnh lp ngay.
2
t
2
t
V r
1
<< eL
1
nn ~ 1.
e
t

=
.
L
r
t
L
r
1
1
1
1
e e
Next
Chng 5
Back
Thay vo (5.4): u
max
= 2u
m
+ u
d
~2u
m
mch t rt bo ho.
-u
m
u
d
u
max
u
u
u"
u'
t
my bin p
Ta c: u = - u
m
cos(et + ) + (u
m
cos u
d
)
(5.3)
t
L
r
1
1
e

Next Back
2. Khi ngn mch t nhin:
Xt qu trnh qu t khi bt u xy ra ngn mch
n khi thnh lp ch ngn mch xc lp:
U
1m
sin(et +
n
) = i
n
r
n
+ L
n
(5.5)
dt
di
n
Vi
n
l gc pha lc xy ra ngn mch.
' '
n
'
n
i i +
- Gii phng trnh vi iu kin u: t = 0; i
n
= 0 ta c:
i
n
= = - I
n
cos(et +
n
) + I
n
cos
n

(5.6)
t
n
L
n
r
e

2 2
: l thnh phn dng ngn mch xc
lp.
: l thnh phn dng ngn mch t
do.
'
n
i
' '
n
i ( )
2
n
2
n
m 1
n
L r . 2
U
I
e +
=
- Ngn mch bt li nht khi
n
= 0 vi r
n
<< eL
n
ta c:
i
n
= - I
n
coset + I
n

2
2
t
n
L
n
r
e

Dung lng my bin p cng ln th k

xg
cng ln: k
xg
= 1,2 1,8.
Dng ny t tr s ln nht (hoc tr s xung) sau thi
gian t =
e
t
i
xung
= I
n
(1 + ) = I
n
k
xg
2 2
n
x
n
r .
e
t

my bin p
r
n
x
n
u
1

i
n

5.2. Qu in p trong my bin p
Next Back
Chng 5
my bin p
Khi lm vic trong li in my bin p thng chu nhng
in p xung kch c tr s ln gp nhiu ln tr s nh
mc.
Nguyn nhn: do thao tc ng ct cc ng dy, cc my
in hoc do ngn mch chm t km theo h quang
hoc do st nh trn ng dy v sng st truyn n
my bin p.
Qu in p do st nh trn ng dy cn gi l qu in
p do kh quyn c tc dng nguy him vi my bin p hn
c v tr s rt ln n hng triu vn
bo v cc thit b ngi ta t nhng b chng st
trt in tch ca sng in p xung kch xung t,
sau cc thit b trong trm my bin p ch cn chu
tc dng ca in p c tr s bng (4 5)U
l
.
Do qu in p, cch in ca dy qun my bin p c
th b xuyn thng. V vy u v cui cc cun dy -
c tng cng cch in bng cch qun thm nhiu lp giy
cch in. im trung tnh ca dy qun ca my bin p
c U > 35kV cng thng c ni t.
gim hoc trit tiu qu trnh dao ng in t xy ra
khi qu in p ngi ta ch to nhng in dung mn chn
C
mc
c dng l nhng vnh hoc vng kim loi, khuyt 1
on ( trnh tr thnh vng ngn mch) ni vi dy qun
v c bc cch in. Vnh in dung c t gia cun
dy u tin v gng t, cn cc vng in dung th m
ly cc cun dy u tin.

Next Back
Chng 5
my bin p
Chng 6: My bin p c bit
Next
Phn II
Back
6.1: My bin p ba dy qun
6.2: My bin p t ngu
6.3: My bin p hn
6.4: My bin p o lng
my bin p
6.5: My bin p chnh lu
6.1: My bin p ba dy qun
1. Cu to:
Gm 1 dy qun s cp v 2 dy
qun th cp. Dng cung cp in
cho cc li in c in p khc nhau,
ng vi cc t s bin i:
3
1
3
1
13
2
1
2
1
12
U
U
W
W
K ;
U
U
W
W
K ~ = ~ =
Cc t ni dy tiu chun: Y
0
/Y
0
/A-12-11 v Y
0
/A/A-11-11
2. Phng trnh c bn, mch in thay th v th vc t
ca my bin p 3 dy qun:
0 I I I I
0
'
3
'
2 1
~ = + +

( ) ( )
'
3
'
3
'
3
'
2
'
2
'
2 1 1 1
Z I U Z I U Z I U

+ = + =
Trong : Z
1
= r
1
+ j x
1
; ,
'
2
'
2
'
2
x j r Z + =
'
3
'
3
'
3
x j r Z + =
1
3
2
Next
Chng 6
Back
~
3 1 2
my bin p
Mch in thay th v th vc t:
Z'
2
Z'
3
Z
1
1
U

1
I

'
3
I

'
2
I

'
3
'
2
U U


Cc tham s ca mch in thay th
ca my bin p 3 dy qun c xc
nh t 3 th nghim ngn mch theo
hnh v:
1
3
2
~
1
3
2
~ 1
3
2 ~
Next
Back
'
3
I

'
2
I

1
I

' '
U U
2 3


1
U

'
3
'
3
x I j

1 1
x I j

1 1
r I

'
2
'
2
x I j

'
2
'
2
r I

'
3
'
3
r I

Chng 6
my bin p
Z'
2
Z'
3
Z
1
~
Z'
2
Z'
3
Z
1
~
Z'
2
Z'
3
Z
1
~
'
2 1 12 n
Z Z Z + =
'
3 1 13 n
Z Z Z + =
'
3
'
2 23 n
Z Z Z + =
T s ta c:
( ) ( )
'
2 1
'
2 1 12 n 12 n
'
2 1 12 n
x x j r r x j r Z Z Z + + + = + = + =
( ) ( )
'
3 1
'
3 1 13 n 13 n
'
3 1 13 n
x x j r r x j r Z Z Z + + + = + = + =
( ) ( )
'
3
'
2
'
3
'
2 23 n 23 n
'
3
'
2 23 n
x x j r r x j r Z Z Z + + + = + = + =
T ta suy ra:
2
r r r
r
23 n 13 n 12 n
1
+
=
2
r r r
r
13 n 23 n 12 n '
2
+
=
2
r r r
r
12 n 23 n 13 n
'
3
+
=
Tng t:
2
x x x
x
23 n 13 n 12 n
1
+
=
2
x x x
x
13 n 23 n 12 n
'
2
+
=
2
x x x
x
12 n 23 n 13 n
'
3
+
=
Next Back
my bin p
3. thay i in p ca my bin p 3 dy qun:
Trong :
dm 1
'
2 12 n
12 nr
U
I r
u =
-
dm 1
'
2 12 n
12 nx
U
I x
u =
-
dm 1
'
3 1
) 3 ( nr
U
I r
u =
-
dm 1
'
3 1
) 3 ( nx
U
I x
u =
-
Tng t:
Cc thay i in p cc ti vi h s cng
sut cos
2
nh sau:
dm 1
'
2 dm 1
12
U
U U
U

= A
-
'
3
'
2
I v I

dm 1
'
3 dm 1
13
U
U U
U

= A
-
Trong :
dm 1
'
3 13 n
13 nr
U
I r
u =
-
dm 1
'
3 13 n
13 nx
U
I x
u =
-
dm 1
'
2 1
) 2 ( nr
U
I r
u =
-
dm 1
'
2 1
) 2 ( nx
U
I x
u =
-
Next
Back
= u
nr12*
cos
2
+ u
nx12*
sin
2
+ u
nr(3)*
cos
3
+ u
nx(3)*

sin
3

-
A
12
U
= u
nr13*
cos
3
+ u
nx13*
sin
3
+ u
nr (2)*
cos
2
+ u
nx(2)*
sin
2

-
A
13
U
my bin p
6.2: My bin p t ngu
Xt my bin p t ngu 1 pha:
U
1
W
1
W
2
U
2
1
I

2
I

P
I

U
1
W
1
W
2
U
2
1
I

P
I

2
I

T s bin i ca MBA
2
1
1 2
1 1
T
W
W
e . W
e . W
K = = (6.1)
- Nu b qua cc tn hao
2 2 1 1
I U I U

. . ~
(6.2)
- Dng in chy trong phn dy qun
chung:
1 2 p
I I I

=
(6.3)
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
T
2
2
1
2 p
K
1
1 . I
I
I
1 . I I

(6.3)
Cng 1 mt dng in theo thit k my bin p th trong
my bin p t ngu c th dng dy dn nh hn so vi my
bin p thng v tng ng tn hao ngn mch gim
ln:
P
nT
= P
nTP

|
|
.
|

\
|

T
K
1
1
|
|
.
|

\
|

T
K
1
1
Next Back
Chng 6
my bin p
6.3: My bin p hn
CK

u
1
o
in p khng ti gy chy h quang: U
0
= 60 80V
v in p ti nh mc = 30V.
Ta c in p ri trn cun khng: U
CK
= I.x
CK
.
Next
Chng 6
Back
my bin p
1. My bin in
p:
- Dng bin i in p cao xung in p thp o
lng bng cc dng c o thng thng.
in p th cp U
2
nh mc c
quy
nh l 100V. - Cch mc: Cun dy s cp
mc song song vi in p ln cn
o. Cun th cp ni vi vn mt,
cc mch in p ca cc dng c
khc nh cun dy in p ca ot
mt
- Nh vy c th coi my bin in p lun lun lm vic
ch khng ti. Do : U
1
= U
2
.k

Khng cho php ngn mch th cp my bin in p.
=
2
1
2
1
W
W
U
U
u
1

A
X
a
x
u
2

V
6.4: My bin p o lng
Next
Chng 6
Back
my bin p
Cc loi bin dng, bin th o lng
my bin p
2. My bin dng in:
- Dng cung cp cho cun dy
ca (A), r le v cun dng ca
cng t...
Ai% = 100% nh v sai s v gc lch pha o
i

cng nh.
1
1
1
2
2
I
I
W
W
. I
- Do li thp khng bo ho v dng t ho I
0
~ 0 nn cc
sai s
Next
Chng 6
Back
A
X
a
x
i
2

A
i
1

- Cch mc: My bin dng c cun
s cp ni tip vi mch cn o dng.
Do c im ca ti (cun dy ca
cc ng h o c in tr rt nh)
nn my bin dng xem nh lm vic
trng thi ngn mch.
my bin p
my bin p
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Chng 6
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6.5: My bin p chnh lu
Chn s ni dy sao cho m bo iu kin t ho bnh
thng ca cc tr li thp v gim nh c s p mch ca
in p v dng chnh lu.
X Y
Z
A
C B
a'
b' c'
a"
b" c"
K
+ -
c im: ti ca cc
pha khng ng thi
m lun phin nhau
theo s lm vic ca
cc dng cc ca cc
b chnh lu thu ngn
hoc bn dn t
mch th cp ca my
bin p. Nh vy my
bin p lun lm vic
trng thi khng i
xng.
Mun vy phi tng s pha bn th cp (thng chn
bng 6) v th cp t thm cun cm K gia 2 im
trung tnh ca 3 pha thun a', b', c' v 3 pha ngc a", b", c".
Tc dng ca K l cn bng in p gia 2 pha c gc
lch 60
0
lm vic song song (a' v c"). Khi 2 dy th cp
lm vic song song b chnh lu 6 pha lm vic tng t
b chnh lu 3 pha v mi dng cc lm vic khng phi
trong 1/6 m l 1/3 chu k.
my bin p
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Chng 6
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Cp
tia
la
c im Tnh trng chi v vnh
gp
1 Khng c tia la
m la yu 1 phn chi than Khng c vt trn vnh gp
v mui than trn cc chi
Tia la yu phn ln chi than C vt trn vnh gp nhng
c th lm sch bng xng
du. C mui than trn chi

2
Tia la ton b chi than, ch cho
php vi ti xung hoc qu ti ngn
hn
C vt trn vnh gp khng
th lm sch bng xng
du. C mui than trn chi


3
Tia la vung ra ton b chi than.
Ch cho php lc m my trc tip
khng bin tr vi iu kin sau
vnh gp v chi than vn trng
thi bnh thng c th tip tc lm
vic c
Vt m trn vnh gp
khng th lm sch bng
xng du, chy hoc hng
chi in

4
1
1
2
1
1
(*)
Chng 5
my in mt chiu
Next
Chng 5
Back
my in mt chiu
dc
T
t
dc
dc
T
t T

dc
T
t
dc
dc
T
t T

Gi s phin i chiu dch chuyn
vi tc l v
G
th sau 1 thi gian t ta
c:
S
tx2
= t.v
G
.l
G

S = T
c
.v
G
.l
G


S
tx2
= .S (ti T
c
th S
tx2
= S )

S
tx1
= (T
c
- t).v
G
.l
G
=> S
tx1
= .S
(*)
S
S
tx2

S
tx1

Gi J
1
l mt dng in b mt tip xc i
ra v J
2
l mt dng in b mt tip xc
i vo th ta c:




V o
1
= o
2
nn J
1
= J
2
(*)
( )
1
dc
dc
1 dc
1 tx
1
1
tg
S
T
t T
i
S
T
S
i
J o =

= = . .
2
dc 2 dc
2 tx
2
2
tg
S
T
t
i
S
T
S
i
J o = = = . .
T
c
o
1
t
i
1
t
-i

0
i
2
o
2
+i

i

Next
Chng 5
Back
S
S
tx2

S
tx1

my in mt chiu