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‫‪-١-‬‬
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‫‪-٢-‬‬
‫‪wissam54@gmail.com‬‬

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‫‪-٣-‬‬
‫‪wissam54@gmail.com‬‬

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‫ د‪ 7‬آ

 وا
‪ B‬دات ‪.‬‬

‫‪-٤-‬‬
‫‪wissam54@gmail.com‬‬

‫‪O‬‬
‫‪N‬‬
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‫ ‪. $^ 7‬‬

‫‪-٥-‬‬
‫‪wissam54@gmail.com‬‬

‫=‪ iV‬ا
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‫‪N‬‬
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‫‪-٦-‬‬
‫‪wissam54@gmail.com‬‬

‫‪ M JEFFERY CODY‬ا

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‫‪O‬‬
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‫‪N‬‬
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 وا
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‫‪-٧-‬‬
wissam54@gmail.com

-= p0‫ ا‬yB lP$ ‫اث  دي‬# {@5#5 -

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-٨-
‫‪wissam54@gmail.com‬‬

‫‪ B7‬أن ا
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Training Workshop on World Heritage Sites Management

- their Tangible and Intangible Aspects

Executive Summary
April 2006

Acknowledgements
UNITAR would like to express its deepest gratitude to the Hiroshima Prefectural
Government, the Hiroshima Municipality and the people of Hiroshima, for their generous support to the
Series on the Management and Conservation of World Heritage Sites.

The main partners of the Series, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
(UNESCO) and its World Heritage Centre, the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS), the
Getty Conservation Institute (GCI), the World Conservation Union (IUCN),the Universities of Hiroshima and
Hyogo all remained committed to this Series since its inception and have made it a reality.

The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and UNESCO field offices helped with logistics.

Our special thanks to the resource persons and participants who contributed their time and expertise to the
workshop so graciously; to the Itsukushima Shinto Shrine, Miyajima Town Office and Hiroshima Peace
Memorial Museum for inspiring study tours; and finally to the many friends of UNITAR in Hiroshima and
around the world whose cooperation was indispensable for the conduct of this workshop.

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Introduction

The Series on the Management and Conservation of World Heritage Sites, one of the six main programme pillars
of the UNITAR Hiroshima Office for Asia and the Pacific (HOAP), aims at a better use of the 1972 UNESCO
World Heritage Convention, through support to national policy making and planning, and exchange of
information on best practices and case studies. The UNITAR workshops are designed specifically to train
heritage site managers in a “values-based approach” to cultural and natural heritage resource management.

For their third training workshop of the Series, UNITAR and its resource persons decided to focus on the

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intangible aspects of values connected to World Heritage sites. Although a site has a physical dimension, it
is often the values associated with it that justify its protection. Intangible heritage values are harder to recognize
or quantify compared to tangible heritage values, but intangibles occupy a considerable part of the total set of
values of a heritage, dictating policies for its conservation.

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The 2006 training workshop was thus planned to introduce the participants to basic knowledge, information
and updates on the World Heritage regime and current topics regarding heritage management, set down the
underlying principles of values-based heritage management with a special focus on intangible heritage values,

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study leading policies and strategies including their successes and failures, explain legal and policy planning
techniques, discuss case studies and practical exercises, and enhance long-term learning and exchange among
the participants. Study tours to two World Heritage sites in Hiroshima, the A-Bomb Dome and the Itsukushima
Shinto Shrine provided additional case studies and learning opportunities.

2006 Training Workshop

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The 2006 Training Workshop, part of a long-term Series, benefited from the network created since 2001. 1 The
main partners 2 sent Resource Persons (for most, their third visit to Hiroshima). Throughout the year, the
Resource Persons have been involved in the planning of the workshop and its content, through an internet forum.
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The workshop was attended by some 50 participants, resource persons and staff representing 26 countries of
Asia, Australia, Europe and North America.

The training workshop employed three main training

methodologies:

1) Interactive presentations and lectures;

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2) Study tours and debriefings;

3) Practical exercise.
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1
Through a pilot programme organized even before the establishment of the Hiroshima Office.
2
The main institutional partners are (by alphabetical order): Getty Conservation Institute (GCI); Hiroshima University;
International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War (IPPNW); International Council on Monuments and Sites
(ICOMOS); Japan Wildlife Research Center (JWRC); Prefectural University of Hiroshima; UNESCO, its regional offices in
Bangkok and Jakarta as well as its World Heritage Centre (WHC); University of Hyogo; and World Conservation Union
(IUCN).

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1) Presentations and lectures by experts selected by

UNITAR and representatives of its partner organizations.
All the presentations, designed to be interactive, were
followed by Q and A sessions and addressed the
following:

x World Heritage regime: trends and realities in the

Asia-Pacific region, by Richard ENGELHARDT

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(UNESCO Bangkok Office, Thailand) introduced the
participants to the primary objectives and recent trends of
the 1972 UNESCO World Heritage Convention. With
over 180 State Parties and 800 cultural and natural

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properties inscribed, the World Heritage Convention
would be one of the two most successful global
conventions. 3 It deals with the past as a resource for the
future. Key words such as “value”, “significance” and

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“authenticity” for the assessment of the properties were
explained. Ten criteria applied at the World Heritage
Committee were annotated. Looking at intangible aspects
of heritage sites, one could understand that natural sites
and people, and cultural sites and natural environment are
nothing but two sides of the same coin. Mr. Engelhardt
then underlined the necessity to have a holistic view on
properties, not being bound by the distinctions of
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cultural/natural or mixed properties.

x The notion of intangible heritage, by François

LEBLANC and Jeffrey CODY (Getty Conservation
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Institute, Los Angeles, USA) – Mr. LEBLANC first

defined the notion of heritage as “whatever you want to
preserve for the next generations” and employed a three-
dimensional analysis to understand this concept:
dimension of the subject (from individual to community,
country to world), the characteristics of heritage (nature,
built heritage, living, intangible etc.) and degree of values.
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Mr. CODY then went on to an exercise to describe

intangible heritage. Each participant was asked to describe
on a small piece of paper a given intangible heritage in
his/her country and to place it on a diagram that was based
on the criteria provided by the 2003 UNESCO Convention
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on Intangible Heritage. The exercise revealed the diversity

of these intangible heritages and the difficulty to classify
them.

3.
The other being the Convention on the Rights of the Child.

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x Hiroshima World Heritage sites and introduction to

Peace Park and A-Bomb Dome, by Yushi UTAKA
(University of Hyogo) first presented Japanese legislation
related to townscape and land planning. Measures for
protection of houses and public participation were
discussed. World Heritage site inscription in Japan is
mostly initiated by cities and public action, with a view to
enhance profit in tourism, real estate, education and
revitalization. National and local laws and regulations

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applicable to the A-Bomb Dome and Itsukushima Shinto
Shine were then revisited.

x Medical Effects of the A-Bomb by Katsuko KATAOKA

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(International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear
War, IPPNW, Hiroshima, Japan) described the medical
effects of the A-Bomb, contrasting them with those caused
by conventional weapons.

x
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Introduction to the Peace Museum was made by Minoru
HATAGUCHI, the Director of the Museum. After the
description of the A-Bomb, Mr. Hataguchi guided the
participants on the tour and explained the scenes of
Hiroshima after the bombing, over a town layout.

x Tangibles and intangibles in cultural sites, by Duncan

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MARSHALL (ICOMOS Australia) facilitated the
understanding of tangibles and intangibles and presented a
chart on the interaction between the two. Then Mr.
Marshall explained that the intangible aspects – use and
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associations – are those which make a place worth

preserving. Ways of identifying intangible aspects were
then presented, taking different case studies. Finally, Mr.
Marshall stressed the fragile nature of values, especially
their intangible aspects and the need to keep these values
alive.
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x Tangibles and intangibles in natural sites HAN Qunli

(UNESCO Jakarta) and Kumiko YONEDA (Japan
Wildlife Research Center, representing the World
Conservation Union (IUCN)) was a joint session featuring
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the views from natural specialists on the values and

significance of a site.

Mr. HAN took a multi-dimensional view to investigate

tangibles and intangibles of a site, and demonstrated
multiple cases – from Mount Taishan to Tangariro - where
“outstanding universal values” didn’t have a border
between culture and nature, as witnessed by the
development of the notions such as mixed sites and
cultural landscape. He then went on to state that
biodiversity values are both tangible and intangible, as
they also include intellectual and scientific values. Finally
economic aspects were considered, including tourism, job
opportunities and contribution to local economy. Hints to
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better conserve the mixture of tangibles and intangibles were

then presented, taking into consideration their interactions.

Ms. YONEDA first explained the notion of natural heritage

as understood and applied by IUCN. There is no strict
criterion of intangibles even if in various meetings and
declarations these aspects have been recognized. Ms.
Yoneda then presented the nature management system of
Japan, and explained the identification of natural values and

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the procedure for new nominations. Finally, a case study of
Mount Fuji was taken as an example as it demonstrates the
assessment of values and especially intangible aspects.

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x Values-based management and “statement of
significance”, by François LEBLANC and Jeffrey CODY
was a joint session aiming at facilitating the participants to
identify and state the significance of a site.

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Mr. LEBLANC first explained what “significance” and
“values” were. Then four case studies in which GCI had
been involved were presented. Two participants (for each
case) were invited to comment, on “what is valued” and “if
you had been the site manager…”.

Mr. CODY reviewed the statement of significance employed

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for (already listed) World Heritage sites and criteria thereof
and practical hints on summarizing the significance were
introduced. The participants were then invited to make a
statement of significance of their own site, and the case of
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Chandigarh, India was presented to plenary.

x Review of the ‘Operational Guidelines’, by Richard

ENGELHARDT - The Operational Guidelines revised in
February 2005 provide the format and content of
nominations, as well as guidelines for monitoring, reporting
and application for international assistance. It thus makes a
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link between inscription and management, and here,

authenticity is considered to be key. At the State level,
heritage management today is not apart from development,
rather, it is part of it, and at the same time it is necessary to
take note that we inscribe a property because it is important
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for the people of the world.

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2) Study tours to the two World Heritage sites of Hiroshima, the A-bomb Dome (including the Peace
Memorial Museum) and the Itsukushima Shinto Shrine in Miyajima Island were organized.

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Mr. Yushi UTAKA, after a comprehensive introduction to Hiroshima sites 4 , took the participants to the A-
Bomb Dome where the participants entered in the inner part (entrance generally not permitted) with a helmet
on. They were then guided through the Peace Park (cenotaph and explanation of a project conducted by an

Hataguchi. 6
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NGO to recycle “thousand paper cranes” 5 into notebooks, to be sent to children in warring countries). The
tour to the Peace Memorial Museum exhibition was started by two presentations, by Ms. Kataoka and Mr.

Mr. Yushi UTAKA, Mr. Nobuyuki UEMURA (Hiroshima University), Ms. Noriko YOSHIDA (Prefectural
University of Hiroshima) and Ms. Masako UNEZAKI (Interpreter) prepared, accompanied and commented
the study visit to the Itsukushima Shrine on Miyajima Island and the surrounding areas.
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The visit started by an introduction at the Miyajima Town Office, followed by the Bugaku dance dedicated
to God by Itsukushima Shrine priests and the Chief Priest IIDA explained the characteristics of the place
and Shrine buildings. The participants then strolled to Senjo Kaku (“1000 Tatami Pavillon”), to the Pagoda
overlooking the Shrine, and to the Shrine’s Carpenters’ Workshop, when explanations of restoration work
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and material were given. Townscape conservation was further explained at a restored private house. The
study tour concluded with a dinner at a Japanese restaurant on the island.

Each study tour was followed by a debriefing, lead by Mr. Jeffrey CODY and Mr. Duncan MARSHALL
respectively. The participants were given a set of questions before the study visits, and had group
discussions after. Below are some of the lessons learned from the study tours. These debriefings are part of
UNITAR Hiroshima’s training methodology “After-Action-Review (AAR)”, an attempt to transform what is
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seen, heard and experienced into learning.

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4.
See supra page 4.
5.
A Japanese tradition to dedicate one thousand paper cranes made of origami paper for the victims of the bombing.
6.
See supra page 4.

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Lessons learned from the study tour

A-Bomb Dome
™ Ways to convey the torment caused by the high temperature
(importance of water);
™ Contrast between the Museum and the new city outside;
™ ADB somewhat disconnected from the rest of the Park;
™ Need to experience the Park to better understand the ABD;
™ Almost half the population of Hiroshima perished with the
Bomb, yet the people decided to rebuild their city – this has

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immense lessons for other post-war countries (intangible
values);
™ Surprise, to see Hiroshima thus?
™ The serenity of the site;
™ ADB dominated/obscured by more recent buildings –

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regrettable as it should have prominence to be still standing
after the Bomb;
™ Tange’s museum: entering from the “rear” is strange –
disconcerting;
™ Park removed from the epicenter – need for better
explanations;
™ How to convey this information to visitors (role of
Remembrance Hall?);
™ How to connect the tangibles and intangibles?
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™ The story is the most important part for the design and
management of the site;
™ The size of the Park area is too small to reflect the damage
caused by the Bomb;
™ Use of modern technology and architecture in the
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presentations at the Park;
™ Message is difficult to convey;
™ There are not sufficient English translations;
™ Not enough linkages between the Hiroshima Peace Park and
other peace sites in the world.
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Itsukushima Shinto Shrine

™ Intangibles make a large contribution to the economy;
™ For a casual visitor, the opportunities to understand the significance is more limited than us
as we were able to see the dance;
™ Do people come because of belief or because it is one of the three most beautiful places in Japan?
™ Intangibles are very important. Necessary to understand, share and communicate with other stakeholders – the
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community has to be part;

™ Wildlife management is important;
™ Impact of the visitors on the area – effect on the ecology of the area;
™ Loss of holiness of the area – should have a way to control visitors;
™ Need professionals who can co-ordinate all the people working on the site;
™ Is the reason for the Shrine being built on water because the mountains are sacred? But now the houses are
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densely packed and the sacredness of the land is lost;

™ The Carpenters’ Workshop was interesting – but they are not integrated into town itself. Why are they only
attached to the Shrine, while some of the buildings in town could use the carpenters’ expertise?
™ The town is oriented to tourism so much of significance is lost;
™ Don’t see much connection between the Shrine and the forest;
™ Good to see that the same material has been used for centuries are still used, even if the structures keep getting
destroyed;
™ Religious beliefs are an important intangible aspect, but visitors may not feel/grasp this;
™ If the local communities consider the site as theirs, they will be more participative;
™ Significant value of the relationship between the sea and the Shrine;
™ The dance originated in India and China, so why have it here?
™ Learned that the intangible aspects of heritage are very fragile and needed to be defined;
™ Best way to protect the tangible is to protect the intangible.

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2) The practical exercise formed an important part of the workshop, employing case-study analysis by
working teams. Five (5) teams were established, each assisted by a resource person. Teams were given
approximately one day to formulate a nomination document of a given real (existing) site and to present
it in plenary. A variety of learning and training methodologies including “Peer Review” designed by
UNITAR were included in the exercise.

Team 1 - Imeong, Palau

Resource person: Kumiko YONEDA

Data provider : Rita OLSUDONG

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1. Zhenpeng LI (China)
2. Sitorus TAMEN (Indonesia)
3. Ronasit MANEESAI (Thailand)
4. Dien The NONG (Vietnam)

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5. Arthur GANUBELLA (Papua New Guinea)

Team 2 - Borobudur, Indonesia

Resource person: Yushi UTAKA and HAN Qunli

Data provider : Laretna Trisnantari ADISHAKTI

1. Rachavadee SRIPRAPAT (Thailand)

2. Dorji YANGKI (Bhutan)
3. Abdul ABBASY (Afghanistan)
4. Betul EKIMCI (Turkey)
5. Shamal AL MUFTI (Iraq)
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Team 3 - Lomanthang, Nepal

Resource person: Duncan MARSHALL

Data provider : Keshav BIDARI
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1. Kapila SILVA (USA)

2. Nimali ARACHCHIGE (Sri Lanka)
3. Chan KHIEU (Cambodia)
4. Victor KUZEVANOV (Russia)
5. Md. Shafiqul ALAM (Bangladesh)

Team 4 - George Town, Malaysia

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Resource person: Jeffrey CODY

Data provider : Helena Aman HASHIM

1. Kiran JOSHI (India)

2. Mizuko UGO (Japan)
3. Mehmet GURKAN (Turkey)
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4. Marichu TELLANO (Philippines)

5. Rikiaua TAKEKE (Kiribati)

Team 5 - Spanish Lighthouses in the Philippines

Resource person: Francois LEBLANC

Data provider : Manuel Maximo L.C. NOCHE

1. Mohammad FOLADI (Afghanistan)

2. Damiran TOGTOKHBAYAR (Mongolia)
3. Samir SINHA (India)
4. Wissam SANO (Iraq)
5. Wei TONG (China)

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UNITAR Roundtable
“The A-Bomb Dome and Itsukushima Shrine – World Heritage Sites in Hiroshima” - international
experts on World Heritage site management discuss the present and the future

In the framework of its regular roundtables, 7 UNITAR organized a panel discussion session open to the public at
the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Hall. Six Resource Persons to the Workshop were invited as panellists and Mr.
Yushi UTAKA moderated the panel.

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The roundtable was attended by 120 people, and questions from Hiroshima citizens were mostly in relation to
the urban management of the buffer zone surrounding the A-Bomb Dome and on the implications that the
Iwakuni Base expansion could have on the environment of Miyajima Island and its World Heritage site.

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UNITAR “Training of Trainers (ToT)” Initiative
and its Training Methodologies Model flow of UNITAR training project
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Recognition of
In order to expand the impact of training, problems and
Identification International relevant training
UNITAR HOAP gives increasing importance to of experts Conference requirements
Training of Trainers (ToT). Potential trainers (the and training
methods
workshop participants) are invited to submit
Distance-learning
projects for national/sub-regional level training. Regional training workshop and mentoring
UNITAR will assist training projects in such fields
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as project development, training methodologies,

and guidance on thematic matters by UNITAR Country Country Country Country
workshop workshop workshop workshop
faculty, through distance-learning and the sending
of experts and fundraising. In the framework of
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the present Series, a training workshop was Evaluation, lessons learned, future perspectives
conducted in Mumbai, India in August 2005.
Plans for national-level training are being
submitted to UNITAR, for the 2006/2007 cycle.

As a training institute of the United Nations, UNITAR gives primary importance to the development of training
methodologies, which will facilitate its participants, i.e., mid to high level government officials, to acquire
ready-to-use knowledge in a limited time (less than one week). Various methodologies including After-Action-
Review (AAR) and Peer Review are thus applied, and refined at each of its training sessions.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7.
In addition to its training work, the UNITAR Hiroshima Office periodically holds rountables to present the views of
internationally renowned speakers, experts and key figures in the fields of politics, economics and the arts.

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Outcome, evaluation and next steps

There are at least three main outputs from the 2006 training workshop:

x Training modules consisting of all the presentations and documents to be made available on the
UNITAR Hiroshima website, www.unitar.org/hiroshima, and in a CD distributed to all participants;
x Case studies prepared by the five working teams;
x Future trainers identified and partnership requirements shared through guidelines prepared by UNITAR.

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Evaluation made by training participants (26 answers)

Each participant was requested to fill General Evaluation and the Contents Most useful part
x The training workshop was useful x Interaction with other participants and
in an evaluation form at the end of the in light of the participants’ resource persons (i.e. group work,

workshop. Hiroshima was seen as an
excellent site for World Heritage
training. Its importance as a place of
reconstruction, peace and hope was
particularly emphasised.
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professional responsibilities
(100%);
x Obtained new and pertinent
information about World Heritage
social functions, roundtable, practical
exercises) (23 comments);
x Explanation and exercise on the WHS
nomination process (13 comments);

All the participants found the

workshop useful in light of their
professional responsibilities. The
focus of the workshop – tangible and
intangible aspects of World Heritage x
x

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site management (18 comments);
Gained new skills (how to begin
nomination process, management,
etc.) (10 comments);
Interest for future collaboration
with UNITAR (16 comments).

Suggestions for improvement

Longer duration of workshop (1
x Presentations/lectures of the resource
persons (6 comments).

Organization and sub-activities

sites – was deemed appropriate (over
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10 comments). The resource persons
were commended for not only being
knowledgeable but also for being
good mentors. The practical exercise
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day more, perhaps one free day to
visit the city);
x More focus on the problems of
natural heritage site management;
x More time for practical exercise;
x Analysis of a successful real
x Excellent organization of workshop in
reference to assistance provided by
UNITAR staff;
x Some difficulty with travel
arrangements (3);
x Some difficulty with food (4);
x Need for more workspace and/or

was considered most useful (18 direct (existing) nomination document; computers to work on dossiers.
comments), followed by the lectures x More time for WH sites visits (14
and the study visits. In general, comments).
interactions with the Resource Persons and other participants were deemed to be the most important gains from
the workshop.

While the overall evaluation of the workshop was extremely positive, some good suggestions for improvement
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were provided. The chart herewith aims to show a brief summary of the key points of the participants’
evaluation.

The next step is to start planning the new three-year Series, to be launched as of 2007. A national-level
workshop will be conducted prior to that. The 2007 regional workshop for Asia and the Pacific is scheduled for
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April 2007 in Hiroshima, Japan.

Chris Moore and Hiroko Nakayama

Hiroshima and Geneva
April 2006
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