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 lwfQ;ksa }kjk Hkkjr dk bLykehdj.k & iq#"kksRre

12 tqykbZ] 1992 ikUptU; ¼ fnYyh ½ esa ofj"B i=dkj Lo-fxfjyky

tSu dk ,d ys[k Þ bLyke esa HkrhZ djus okyh laLFkk Þ 'kh"kZd ls Nik Fkk A
mlesa mUgksua s dgk Fkk%
Þ vDlj yksxksa dks bl ckjs esa oge gks tkrk gS fd fgUnqLrku esa tks
eqlyeku lwQh] Qdhj ;k ihj gq, gS]a os bLyke ij Hkkjrh;rk ;k fgUnqRo ds
vlj ds izrhd gSa A ;g bfrgkl dh le> u j[kus okys vkSj bu lwfQ;ksa ds
ckjs esa dksbZ rF;kRed tkudkjh u j[kus dk ifj.kke gS A D;ksfa d ;s lwQh ;k
Qdhj pkgs vkSj tks Hkh gks]a ysfdu Hkkjrh;rk ;k fgUnqRo ds fudV ugha gSa] u
gh ;s bLyke vkSj fgUnqRo ds e/; HkkbZ pkjs ;k esytksy dk f}ekxhZ iqy gS A
iqy vxj bUgsa dgk Hkh tk, rks bls ,d ekxhZ iqy gh dg ldrs gSa] ftl
ij gksdj fgUnw rks bLyke dh vksj tk ldrs gSa ] ij bLyke ls fgUnqRo dh
vksj dksbZ lQj ugha gks ldrk A bl fygkt ls eSa lwfQ;ksa vkSj ihjksa dks
bLyke esa HkrhZ djus okyh laLFkk gh ekurk gw¡ vkSj esjh pqukSrh gS fd dksbZ
blds foijhr rF; ugha yk ldrk gS AÞ
lwfQ;ksa ds dkjukeska dh nks vxzt s h iqLrdsa gky gh esa izdkf'kr gqbZ gSa %
lS;~;n vFkj vCckl vyh fjtoh dh iqLrd Þ n fgLVªh vkWQ lwfQTe bu
bafM;k Þ A bl iqLrd ds yxHkx 700 i`"Bksa ds yxHkx nks [k.M gSa A nwljh
iqLrd Þ Jkbu ,.M dYV vkWQ eksbuqnn~ hu fp'rh vkWQ vtesj gS A ys[kd
gSa ih- ,e- djh A lS- vcqy glu vyh unoh dh iqLrd Þ eqfLyEl bu
bafM;k Þ vkSj MkW- ds ,l- yky dh nks iqLrdas Þ bafM;u eqfLyEl Ogw vkj ns
Þ vkSj Þ yhxslh vkWQ eqfLye :y bu bafM;k Þ Hkh bl fo"k; ij i;kZIr
izdk'k Mkyrh gS A ;gk¡ geus eq[;r;k bUgh iqLrdksa dks vk/kkj cuk;k gS A
dqN yksxksa dk fo'okl gS fd lwfQLe Hkkjrh; n'kZu ds HkfDr vkSj /;ku ;ksx
dh gh mit gS ftldk izHkko bLyke ds inkiZ.k ls igys e/; ,f'k;k vkSj
mlds vklikl ds {ks=ksa esa O;kid :i ls gks x;k Fkk A pkgs Hkkjrh; n'kZu
dh lwfQTe ds fodkl esa dksbZ Hkwfedk jgh gks ;k u jgh gks] lwQh eqfLye gj

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 izdkj ls dV~Vj /keZfu"B eqlyeku gksrs gS vkSj fgUnw dkfQjksa ] ewfrZ iwtdksa
bR;kfn dks bLyke esa nhf{kr djuk vFkok mudks lewy u"V djuk] viuk
eq[; /kkfeZd drZO; le>rs gSA lwfQ;ksa dh vusd ijEijk,a gSa A buds /;ku]
dhrZu vkfn ds rjhdksa esa vusd Hksn gks ldrs gS ijUrq fgUnqvksa ds izfr mu
lcdk n`f"Vdks.k ogh gS tks fd ,d /keZfu"B eqlyeku dk gksuk pkfg, A
1000 bZ- ds ckn] Hkkjr ds bLykehdj.k dk tks nwljk pj.k izkjaHk gqvk mlesa
,d vksj rks egewn xtuoh ls izkjaHk gksdj nwljs vusd vkØked ryokj
vkSj dqjku ysdj Hkkjr esa ?kqls vFkok muds oa'ktksa us Hkkjr esas bLyke dk
foLrkj ryokj ds cy ij fd;k A nwljh vksj lwQh yksx eq¡g esa Hktu]
dhrZu] peRdkj] ds nkos vkSj cxy esa ryokj vkSj dqjku ysdj vk, A buesa
ls vf/kdka'k us izdV :i ls ryokj dk mi;ksx ugha fd;k fdUrq dqN ,sls
Hkh Fks] tks vko';drk iM+us ij ryokj ysdj Lo;a Hkh ftgkn esa mrj iM+rs
Fks A
lwQh brus 'kfDr'kkyh Fks fd eqxydky ds iru ds le; tc esokM+ vkSj
ekjokM+ ds jktiwr Lora= gks x, ] rc Hkh os ukxkSj esa lwfQ;ksa ds izHkko dks
de ugh d a j lds A
tc vykmn~nhu f[kyth us nf{k.k esa nsofxjh fot; fd;k rks lSdM+ksa lwfQ;ksa
us ogka tkdj viuh [kkudkgsa LFkkfir dj yha vkSj /kekZUrj.k ds dk;Z esa yx
x, A bueasa ls dqN us [kqydj fgUnqvksa ds fo#) ;q) esa Hkkx fy;k vkSj
brus fgUnqvksa dk o/k fd;k fd muds uke ds lkFk dRrky vkSj dqQQ ~ kj
Hkatu tSls 'kCn tqM+ x, A
dqN nwljs ,sls Hkh Fks tks o"kksZa rd taxyksa esa ;ksx lk/kuk vkSj riL;k djrs
Fks A /khjs /khjs tc mudh ;ksxh] riLoh czãpkjh gksus peRdkj djus dh
[;kfr vklikl dh fgUnq turk esa QSy tkrh Fkh rks fgUnw muds HkDr cuus
yxrs Fks vkSj fQj vkajHk gksrk Fkk ogh /kekZ.rj.k dk flyflyk A
egewn xtuoh us 1001 ls 1029 bZ- rd Hkkjr ij vusd vkØe.k fd, A bu
vkØe.kksa ds izkjaHk djus ds igys mlus /kkfEkZd 'kiFk yh Fkh fd og Hkkjr ls
ewfrZ iwtk dk fpUg feVkdj ogk¡ ds leLr fuokfl;ksa dks bLyke esa nhf{kr
djsxa k A egewn xtuoh ds vkØe.kksa ds lkFk lkFk e/; ,f'k;k ls cgqr ls

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 lqUuh ] lwQh o 'ks[k] Hkkjr esa vkdj clus izkjaHk gks x, A X;kjoha 'krkCnh ds
e/;e rd lwQh yksx iatkc vkSj mlds vklikl ds bykdksa eas QSydj vusd
LFkkuksa ij te x, Fks A
caxkyh yM+kdw lwfQ;ksa esa ,d eq[; uke gS flygV ds 'ks[k tyky dk A Þ
xqyky , vcjkj Þ ds vuqlkj] 'ks[k tyky tUe ls rqfdZLrkuh Fks vkSj
flyflys [oktxku ds lS;; ~ n vgen elkoh ds [kyhQk Fks A mudh fourh
ij tyky ds ihj us mUgsa vk'khOkkZn fn;k Fkk fd og ftl izdkj vkfRed
ftgkn esa fot;h gq, gS]a mlh Hkkafr Þ nk#y gcZ Þ ¼ dkfQjkas ds ns'k ½ esa Hkh
dqÝ ds fo#) ftgkn esa lQy gksa A lS;~;n us vius izfrHkk'kkyh 700 f'k";ksa
dks 'ks[k tyky ds lkFk bl fe'ku ij Hkstk A ;g dksbZ 'kkafriw.kZ /keZ izpkj
ugha Fkk A ;q) esa feyh ywV ls os ,s'k dk thou fcrkrs Fks A'ks[k tyky ekxZ
esa fot; fd, x, {ks=ksa esa bLyke ds izpkj ds fy, vius lkfFk;ksa dks NksM+rs
tkrs Fks A tc os flygV igq¡ps rks muds lkFk dsoy 313 lkFkh jg x, Fks A
ogk¡ mudk jktk xkS<+ xksfoUn dh dbZ yk[k iSny lsuk vkSj dbZ lglz
?kqM+lokjksa dh lsuk ls Hk;kud ;q) gqvk vkSj 'ks[k tyky fot;h gq, A
mUgksua s foftr {ks= dks vius lkfFk;ksa esa ck¡V fn;k ] ogk¡ dh vkSjrksa ls fookg
dj fy;k vkSj ogha cl x, A 'ks[k tyky ds ckjs esa vusd peRdkjh
dgkfu;k¡ izfl) gks x;ha A tSls fd og izkr%dky dh uekt eDdk esa i<+dj
vkrs Fks A bu peRdkjh ckrksa ls izHkkfor gksdj eqyleku gks x, A 'ks[k
tyky vkSj mlds rqfdZLrkuh f'k"; e/; ,sf'k;k ds [oktxku vkSj
uD'kcfUn;k ,sls lwQh Fks tks fd og ;nk dnk dqN o"kZ ryokj ysdj ftgkn
djrs Fks vkSj fgUnqvksa dk /kekZ.rj.k djrs Fks A 'kRrfj;k] dkfnjb;k] vkSj
uD'kcfUn;k] flyflys ds lwQh] ftUgksua as 18 oha 'krkCnh esa Hkkjr esa viuh
[kkudkgsa LFkkfir djuh izkjaHk dj nh Fkha ] vius iwot Z ksa }kjk e/; ,sf'k;k
vkSj Qkjl ds bLykehdj.k ds vuqHkoksa ls [kwc ifjfpr Fks vkSj ml /keZ
ifjorZu ds vuqHko dk iz;ksx mUgksua s vius dks fgUnqLFkku dh ifjfLFkfr;kas esa
<kydj fd;k A bUgksua s caxky ls ysdj ekyos rd viuh [kkudkgsas LFkkfir
dha A buds f'k"; ogk¡ ls if'peh xqtjkr rd QSy x, A

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 lqgjkofnZ;k ] 'ks[k tykyqnn~ hu flekuh] ehj lS;~;n vyh genkuh vkSj
mlds iq= ehj ekSgEen dh [kkudkgksa esa ftu vusd lwfQ;ksa dks Vªfs uax nh
tkrh Fkh] mudk eq[; /;s; fgUnqvksa dks eqlyeku cukuk Fkk A buesa ls dqN
ls gekjh HksVa vius iUuksa esa gksxh A
bu lwfQ;ksa us u dsoy Hkkjr eas fgUnqvksa] ckS)ksa vkSj tutkfr;ksa dk cM+s
iSekus ij /kekZ.rj.k fd;k ] vfirq caxky gksrs gq, nf{k.kh iwohz ,f'k;k ds
fgUnw vkSj ckS) mifuos'kksa tkok] lqek=k] eyk;k bR;kfn eas tkdj ogk¡ ds
jktkvksa dk /kekZ.rj.k dj bu ns'kksa dks eqfLye ns'k cuk fn;k A
Hkkjr dk og dky ] mldh voufr dk dky Fkk A osnksa mifu"knksa ds dky
dk txn~xq# Hkkjr vius ml dky ds Kku dks Hkqykdj vU/k fo'oklksa vkSj
dqjhfr;ksa dk f'kdkj gks pqdk Fkk A fgUnw lekt eas ewfrZit w k] va/kfo'okl]
NqvkNwr] tkfrokn tSls nks"k ?kj dj x, Fks A bZ'oj vkSj eks{k izkfIr ds
vyx lgt mik; crkus okys yk[kksa vf/kdrj Nn~e os"k/kkjh] lk/kq] lU;klh]
rkaf=d] v?kksjh bR;kfn yksxksa us vius HkDrksa ds vyx vyx lEiznk; cuk
fy, Fks A u dksbZ dsUnzh; jkT; 'kfDr jg x;h Fkh vkSj u dksbZ dsUnzh;
/kkfeZd 'kfDr dh fopkj/kkjk] tSlh fd osndkyhu Hkkjr esa Fkh A ,slh n'kk esa
tgk¡ egewn xtuoh dh lqf'kf{kr] vusd ;q)ksa dh vuqHkoh yM+kdw] lsuk dks
jksduk dfBu gks x;k Fkk] ogha lwfQ;ksa dh peRdkjh ?kks"k.kkvksa esa va/kfo'oklh
fgUnqvksa us lgt gh fo'okl dj fy;k A tgk¡ jkst gh u, nsoh nsork] ubZ
iwtk i)fr] ubZ /;ku fof/k] u, xq:] u, vorkjksa vkSj ubZ laLd`fr;ksa dk
vkfo"dkj gks jgk gks] ogk¡ ,d vkSj ubZ iwtk i)fr] /;ku fof/k vFkok
laLd`fr dks pqipki izo's k ikuk dkSu dfBu dk;Z Fkk \

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 1- cgjkbp dk lykj egewn xkth

mu lwfQ;ksa esa tks ryokj

ryokj ydj Hkkjr ds bLykehdj.k ds fy, bl ns’k
esa ?kqls ,d fo’ks"k uke gS ‘’ ‘’kghn fliglkykj elwn xkth dk ftldk
lk/kkj.kr;k xkth fe;k¡ ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gS A bldh okLrfod etkj
mRrj izn’s k ds iwohZ tuin cgjkbp esa gS A
;g lqYrku egen xtuoh dh cfgu dk iq= Fkk vkSj lkseukFk ds efUnj dks
rqM+okus ds fy, egen dks mlus gh izfs jr fd;k Fkk A blus vius firk vkSj
?kqM+lokjksa ds lkFk xtuh ls pydj iatkc esa izo’s k fd;kA ekxZ esa ywV ds
yksHk esa vusd uo/kekZUrfjr eqlyeku blds lkFk tqM+rs x, A izkjEHk ls
fgUnqvksa ds lkeus bldk ,d gh izLrko Fkk ^^ bLyke ;k e`R;q ^^ A ftl
LFkku ls pydj ;g iatkc ls cgjkbp igq¡pk ml ekxZ ij vkt lglzksa
etkjsa mlds mu lkfFk;ksas dh gSa tks fgUnqvksa ls ;q) djrs ml LFkku ij ekjs
x, A mu u lcds uke ds lkFk xkth] ‘'kghn] ihj vFkok ckck vknj lwpd
‘'kCn
‘'kCn tksM+ fn, x, gSa A xkth vFkkZr dkfQj dk o/k djus okyk A
‘'kghn vFkkZr~ dkfQj ds gkFk ls /keZ;) q esa ekjk tkus okyk A ihj vFkkZr~
peRdkfjd xq# A ckck vFkZr~ lk/kq ] Qdhj vFkook vknj.kh; xq# A cgqr
ckn esa vaxt zs h dky esa ;s 'kCn mu yksxksa uke ds lkFk tksM+ fn, x, ftUgsa
lkEiznkf;d naxksa vFkok fgUnqvksa ds dRy ds vkjksi esa vaxt zs h 'kklu }kjk
e`R;q n.M fn;k x;k A
fgUnqvksa dks eqlyeku u cuus ij] dRy djus okys yksx] fgUnqvksa ds mikL;
dSls cu x, gSa] mlds nks mnkgj.k i;kZIr gksaxs A
y[kum dk [kEeu ihj ckck ckck
lykj elwn ds ryokj vFkok bLyke vfHk;ku esa ekjs x, lglzksa yksxksa dh
vusd etkjksa esa nks etkjsa y[kum ds fgUnw fuokfl;ksa dh vHkh dqN 235 &
730 o"kksZa ls vR;Ur J)k vkSj iwtk dh dsUnz cu x;h gS A ,d gS pkjckx
dk [kEeuihj ckckA bldh etkj y[kum taD’ku esa jsy dh iVfj;ksa ds chp
cuh gS A igys bldk dksbZ uke Hkh ugha tkurk Fkk A b/kj fuNys 25 & 30
o"kkZsa ls blds lglzksa fgUnq HkDr cu x, gSa vkSj ljdkjh Hkwfe ?ksjdj bldk

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 viwoZ foLrkj dj fy;k x;k gS A lIrkg esa ,d fnu esyk yxrk gS vkSj
y[kum taD’ku dk LokHkkfod dk;Z vLr O;Lr gks tkrk gS A lglzksa fgUnw
jsy dh iVfj;ksa dks dwnrs Qk¡nrs etkj ij tkrs vkrs gSa A ogk¡ ij yxs ,d
iRFkj ds vuqlkj ¼ euksgj dgkfu;k¡ ds vuqlkj ½ Þ ;s xkth fe;k¡ ds lkFk
vk, Fks vkSj blLFkku ij ;q) djrs gq, ekjs x, A
fnydq’kk y[kuÅ dk gtjr gtjr ‘’ ‘’kghn dkfle ckck
y[kuÅ pkjckx esa fLFkr [kEeu ijckck dh etkj dh rjg fnydq’kk esa
fLFkr gtjr ‘’kghn dkfle ckck dh etkj Hkh fgaUnqvksa dh fo’ks"k J)k dh
dsUnz gS A ek;korh ljdkj dk ea=h jktHkj vius jksxkas ls ihNk NqM+kus gsrq
bl njxkg dh ‘’kj.k esa tkrk jgk gS A ¼ nSfud tkxj.k 6&9&1995 ½
[kEeu ihj ckck dh rjg dkfle ckck Hkh ‘’kghn lykj elwn xkth ds
lkFk leLr Hkkjr fuokfl;ksa dks ryokj ds cy ij eqlyeku cukus ds bjkns
ls vk;k Fkk vkSj mlh rjg fgUnqvksa ls ;q) djrs gq, y[kuÅ esa ekjk x;k A
blh fy, mlds uke ds lkFk ‘’kghn ‘’kCn eqlyekuksa us tksM+k A
nSfud tkxj.k y[kuÅ 25-07-1994 ds vuqlkj fnydq’kk xkMsuZ fLFkr gtjr
‘’kghn dkfle ckck dh etkj ij pknj p<+kdj J)klqeu vfiZr djus ds
ckn ogk¡ vk;ksftr lekjksg dks lEcksf/kr djrs gq, Jh cksjk xouZj mRrj
izn’s k us dgk
dgk fd Hkkjr esa _f"_f"k eqfu;ksa vkSj lwQh lUrksa us ekuork dh tks
lcls cM+k lan’s k fn;k gS og fdlh ns’k] /keZ] tkfr vkSj lEiznk; rd gh
lhfer ugha gS A gtjr ‘’ ‘’kghn dkfle ckck us Hkh ekuo tkfr ds m)kj
ds fy, /keZ ] tkfr ] Hkk"Hkk"kk vkSj {ks= dh ladh.kZrkvksa ds Åij
Åij mBdj isez ]
,drk] vkSj ekuork dk iSxke fn;k gS A mugksua s izlUurk O;Dr dh fd
izn’s k ds eq[;ea=h Jh eqyk;e flag ;kno us gtjr ‘’kghn dkfle ckck dh
etkj rd lEidZ ekxZ fufeZr djk fn;k gS rFkk ogk¡ fctyh ikuh dh Hkh
leqfpr O;oLFkk djk nh gS A
mlh lekjksg dks lEcksf/kr djrs gq, Jh eqyk;e flag ;kno Hkw0 iw0 eq[;ea=h
m0 iz0 rFkk iwoZ j{kkea=h ¼ Hkkjr ljdkj ½ us dgk fd % 900 o"kZ ls Hkh
iqjkuh bl njxkg ij lHkh /kekZas rFkk vkLFkk ds yksx ureLrd gksrs gSa a
mUgksua s dgk fd ;g gekjh xaxk tequh rgthc dk mRd`"V uewuk gS A

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 ‘’kghn ckck ds jk" jk"Vªh; ,drk rFkk lkEiznkf;d ln~Hkko rFkk vkilh izes
vkSj HkkbZ pkjs dks etcwr cukus ds Qros dks iwjk fd;k tk ldsxk A njxkg
ds vkl ikl dh Hkwfe lsuk ds LokfeRo esa Fkh ftls gLrkUrfjr dj njxkg
dks ns fn;k x;k A
ftl ns’k ds fgUnw xouZj ] eq[;ea=h vkSj ea=h ,sls euq"; dks ftlds thou
dk /;s; dh vafre le; rd mds iwot Z ksa dks ryokj ds cy ij /kekZUrfjr
djuk jgk gks ] ftlus bLyke Lohdkj u djus ds dkj.k lglzksa fgUnqvksa dk
o/k dj fn;k gks ,sls /kekZU/k O;fDr dks jk"jk"Vªh; ,drk ] lkEiznkf;d ln~Hkko
vkSj HkkbZ pkjs dk lan’s k nsus okyk vkSj Hkkjr ds _f"
_f"k eqfu;ksa tSlk izpkfjr
djrs gksa ] ogk¡ lk/kkj.k vui<+ fgUnw vius xouZj ] eq[;ea=h vkSj ea=h dh
J)k ns[kdj ,sls Øwj O;fDr dks viuk viuk viuk eqfDrnkrk le>dj
mldh iwtk djus yxs rks D;k vk’p;Z gS \ vk’p;Z rks ;g gS fd ;s fof’k"V
yksx lwfQ;ksa ds fy, ckj ckj ‘’kghn vkSj xkth ‘’kCn dk iz;ksx djrs gSa
vkSj mlh lk¡l esa mUgsa jk"Vªh; ,drk rFkk lkEiznkf;d ln~Hkko vkSj vkilh
HkkbZ pkjs dk lan’s k nsus okyk Hkh dgrs gSa \ D;k os ugh tkurs fd bu yksxksa
ds lanHkZ esa 'kghn dk vFkZ D;k gS A dgus dh vko';drk ugha fd lHkh
etkjksa dh rjg bu etkjksa ij Hkh fgUnqvksa dh la[;k gh vf/kd vkrh gS A
bLyke esa etkj iwtk dk fu"ks/k gksus ds dkj.k dqN gh va/kfo'oklh eqlyeku
bu ij J)k lqeu p<+kus vkrs gSa A
pkj o"kZ dh vk;q ls gh lykj elwn dks bLyke dh f'k{kk nh x;h Fkh A
50000 ?kqM+lokjksa ds lkFk mlus flU/kq unh ikj dh A mldh vk;q ml le;
17 o"kZ Fkh A ;g lsuk tgk¡ Hkh igq¡ph] rckgh ep x;h A egewn xtuoh ds
nks vkØe.kksa us eqYrku dks igys gh ohjku dj fn;k Fkk A ogk¡ ds jktk mN
esa tkdj cl x, A mUgksua s elwn ls dgyok;k fd fons'kh Hkwfe ij bl
izdkj vkØe.k djus dk D;k vkSfpR; gS \ elwn us mRrj fn;k & Þ Hkwfe rks
vYykg dh gS og vius ftl nkl dks nsuk pkgrk gS] nsrk gS A Þ esjs iwot
Z ksa
dk ;gh fo'okl jgk gS fd Þ dkfQjksa dks eqlyeku cukuk gekjk drZO; gS A
;fn os gekjk /keZ Lohdkj dj ysa rks Bhd] vU;Fkk gesa mudk o/k dj nsuk
pkfg, A Þ

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 blds i'pkr elwn us fgUnw jktkvksa ij vkØe.k fd, vkSj vla[; fgUnqvksa
dks ekSr ds ?kkV mrkj fn;k A cgqr ls rqdZ Hkh ekjs x, A o"kkZ _rq ds vUr
rd lqYrku eqYrku esa gh iM+k jgk A mlds i'pkr og vo/k dh vksj ykSV
pyk A ekxZ esa mlus viuk bLyke vFkok e`R;q dk vfHk;ku vxyh cjlkr
rd tkjh j[kk A
o"kkZ _rq ds ckn og fnYyh dh vksj ykSV pyk A jktk eghiky fnYyh dk
'kkld Fkk A mldh fo'kky lsuk ls elwn Hk;Hkhr gqvk A ijUrq mlh le;
xtuh ls ubZ lsuk mldh lgk;rk ds fy, vk x;h A bl ;q) esa Hkh
vla[; fgUnw ekjs x, Aa cgqr ls rqdZ ljnkj Hkh [ksr jgs A egkjkt eghiky
Hkh ;q) esa ohjxfr dks izkIRk gq, A rqdhZ ljnkj tgk¡ ejs ogha nQu dj fn,
x, A vkSj dqN le; i'pkr os gR;kjs ew[kZ fgUnqvksa ds mikL; cu x, A
vusd fgUnw Hk; vkSj yksHk ls eqlyeku gks x, A /kekZUrfjr fgUnqvksas esa ls
5000 vFkok 6000 yksxksa dh u;h lsuk HkrhZ dh x;h A blds ckn elwn
dUukSt dh vksj py iM+k A ogk¡ ds jktk vt; iky us ] tks egewn }kjk
ijkLRk fd;k x;k Fkk mldh dkQh vkoHkxr dh A
ogk¡ elwn us xaxk ikj dh vkSj lrfj[k ¼ lhrkiqj tuin ½ dh vksj py
iM+k A lrfj[k fgUnqvksa dk ifo= rhFkZ Fkk A vkSj ogk¡ fgUnqvksa dh ?kuh
vkcknh Fkh A blfy, mlus ogk¡ Msjk Mkyk vkSj vius ljnkjksa dks lsuk nsdj
pkjksa vksj Hkstrs le; dgk Þ ge rqEgsa vYykg ds lqiqnZ djrs gSa A rqe tgk¡
tkvks igys le>k cq>kdj fgUnqvksa dks eqlyeku cukvks A ;fn os bLyke
xzg.k dj ysa rks mu ij n;k djuk vU;Fkk mudk o/k dj nsuk A Þ fQj
og xys feydj viuh viuh fn'kk esa py fn, A
,d eqfLye bfrgkldkj fy[krk gS & Þ dSlk vn~Hkqr n`'; gS ] dSlh vn~Hkqr
fe=rk \ dSLk vn~Hkqr fo'okl gS fd dsoy lR;er ¼ bLyke ½ ds izlkj ds
fy, fcuk fdlh yksHk ds fcuk fdlh Hk; ds ] bl izdkj dqÝ ds leqUnj esa
dwn iM+uk \
ehj cf[r;kj nf{k.k dh vksj py iM+k A vkSj dkuiqj rd igq¡p x;k A ogk¡
og ;q) esa ekjk x;k A ogk¡ mldh fo[;kr etkj gS A

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 elwn us vehj glu vjc dks egksuk ij vkSj ehj lS;;n vthtqnn~ hu dks
dks xksikeÅ ij vkØe.k djus ds fy, Hkstk A ehj lS;~;n vthtqn~ n~ hu vc
ykyk ihj ds uke ls {ks= esa e'kgwn gS A efyd Qty dks cukjl ij
vkØe.k djus ds fy, Hkstk x;k A elwn lrfj[k esa gh Bgj x;k A
bl le; djkZ vkSj ekfudiqj ds jktkvsa ds nwrksa us elwn dks muds ns'k ls
'kkafriwod
Z okfil tkus ds fy, vU;Fkk ;q) ds fy, rS;kj jgus ds fy, nwr
Hksts A elwn us mRrj fn;k Þ ge ;gk¡ ekSt eLrh ds fy, ugha vk, gS a ge
;gha jgsaxs vkSj bl Hkwfe dks dqÝ vkSj dkfQjksa ls lewy u"V dj nsxsa A
lykj elwn ds fliglykj lSQnq n~ hu us cgjkbp us cgjkbp esa rqjUr
lgk;rk ek¡xh rks elwn us mldh lgk;rk ds fy, lrfj[k ls cgjkbp ds
fy, izLFkku fd;k A
cgjkbp esa fgUnqvksa dk ,d rhFkZ LFkku lwjt dq.M gksrk Fkk A ogk¡ lw;Z
nsork dh ,d izfrek Fkh vkSj ns'k Hkj ls fgUnw] lw;Z xzg.k ds volj ij ogk¡
iwtk vkSj dq.M esa Luku djus ds fy, vkrs Fks A elwn dks ;g ns[s kdj vikj
d"V gksrk Fkk A og cgq/kk dgk djrk Fkkfd og dqÝ ds bl x<+ dks u"V
dj nsxk A
fdUrq cgjkbp esas pkjksa vksj ls fgUnw jktkvksa us viuh viuh lsuk dslkFk
elwn dks ?ksj fy;k A ckj ckj ;q) gksrk jgk A 15 twu 1933 dks lka;dky
ds le;] iklh jktk lqgynso ds ,d ck.k ls elwn dk izk.kkUr gks x;k A
iwjh eqfLye lsuk Uk"V gks x;h A elwn ds vkns'k ls ] ftrus eqlyeku
lSfud ejrs Fks] os lwjt dq.M esa Mky fn, tkrs Fks A elwn dk fopkj Fkk
fd mudh nqxUZ /k ls fgUnw vius rhFkZ dks Hkz"V le>dj R;kx nsx a s A elwn
dh e`R;q ds ckn mls ogk¡ nQu dj fn;k x;k] tgk¡ mldh e`R;q gqbZ Fkh A
ckn esa bl {ks= esa eqfLye jkT; gks tkus ij mls lwjt dq.M ds ikl gh
nQuk fn;k x;k A ¼ bfy;V ,.M Mkmlu % fgLVªh vkWQ bf.M;k ckbZ bV~l
vksu fgLVksfj;Ul] [kaM 2] i`- 529&547
'ks[k tykyqnn~ hu rcjhth
;g lwQh caxky esa y[kukSrh esa jgrk Fkk A ogk¡ /khjs /khjs blus dkQh
Hkwfe ij dCtk dj fy;k A blds ckn ogk¡ vius f’k”;ksa dks NksMd + j

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 og nsorYyk pyk x;k A ogk¡ fdlh dkfQj us ,d cM+k efUnj vkSj
dqvk¡ cuok;k Fkk A bl lwQh us ml efUnj dks rksMd + j ogk¡ viuh
[kkudkg cuk yh vkSj ogk¡ ds fgUnw vkSj ckS) fuokfl;ksa dk cM+h la[;k
esa /kekZUrj.k fd;k
fd;k A ;g egk’k; Hkh fgUnqvksa dh J)k dk ik= gS A
mldh Le`fr esa nsorYyk rcjhtkckn gks x;k gS A
caxky esa vius /kekZUrj.k dk;Z ds etcwrh ls laxfBr gks tkus ds ckn
;g mRrj izn’s k esa cnk;¡w esa vkdj te x;k vkSj mRlkg ls ;gk¡ Hkh
/kekZUrj.k djrk jgk A
cnka;uw h ds vuqlkj ‘'ks[k nkÅn uked lwQh iatkc vkSj flU/k esa 50
ls ysdj 100 rd fgUnqvksa dks izfrfnu eqlyeku cukrk Fkk A lezkV
vdCkj ds vkns’kksa ds ckotwn lwQh yksx /kM+Yys ls fgUnqvksa dk
/kekZUrj.k dj jgs Fks A tkSuiqj ls ysdj fcgkj rd ds eqfLye cgqy
{ks= dknfj;ksa ds j’kfn;k [kkudkvksa dh nsu gS A nhoku vCnqj’Z khn ds
oa’ktksa vkSj f’k";ksa ds caxky esa vusd [kkudkgsa LFkkfir dha A ‘'ks[k
fu;kerqYykg dkfnjh vkSj mlds oa’ktksa vkSj f’k";ksa dh lezkV vkSjxa tsc
vkSj mlds HkkbZ ‘'kkgtknk ‘'kkg’kqtk us cjkcj lgk;rk dh ftlls
caxky ds ml Hkkx dk bLykehdj.k gks x;k vkSj vUrr% bLykeh
ckaXykns’k cu x;k A

vtesj ds eksbuqíhu fp’rh

Hkkjr ds lwfQ;ksa esa dnkfpr bl lwQh dh [;kfr lcls vf/kd gS A
bldks xjho uokt xjhcksa ij d‘ik djus okyk Hkh dgk tkrk gS A
lezkV vdcj us ,d iq= dh ykylk esa bl dh etkj dh dbZ ckj
J)kiwod Z ;k=k dh Fkh A LokHkkfod gS fd rc ls bldk vksgnk vkSj Hkh
Å¡pk gks x;k A bl lwQh dks egku lURk] /keZfujis{krk vkSj Hkkjr dh
lfEefJr xaxk ;equh laLd‘fr dh lk{kkr ewfrZ dgk tkrk gS A
/keZfujis{krk dh felky crk;k tkrk gS A NksVs yksxksa dh rks ckr gh

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 NksM+ nsa gekjs iz/kkuea=h vkSj jk"Vªifr Hkh mldh etkj ij tkdj pknj
p<+kus ] 'kh’k uokus vkSj eUur ek¡xus ij xoZ djrs gSa A yk[kksa dh
la[;k esa ;k=h ftuesa vf/kdka’k fgUnw gksrs gSa izfro"kZ bldh etkj dk
n’kZu djrs gSa vkSj yk[kksa #i;s nku esa nsrs gSAa
de yksx gh tkurs gSa fd bl O;fDr us Hkkjr ds bLykehdj.kesa fdruh
mYys[kuh; Hkwfedk fuHkk;h gS vkSj vkt viuh e`R;q ds yxHkx 800 o"kZ
i’pkr~ Hkh fuHkk jgk gS A ih0 ,u0 djht dh iqLrd n Jkbu ,.M
dYV vkWQ eqbuqíhu fp’rh vkWQ vtesj esa bldk foLrkjiwod Z o.kZu
mn~/k`r fd;k x;k gS A
tSls fd deksc’s k izR;sd lwQh vkSj etkj ds peRdkjksa dh dgkfu;k¡
e’kgwj gSa eqbuqíhu fp’rh Hkh vius peRdkjksa vkSj flf);ksa ds fy,
fo[;kr gS A ;g ekSgEen lkgc ds oa’kt le>s tkrs gSa A bUgksua s lwQh
er esa nh{kk mLeku gjokuh ls yh Fkh tks,d egku lwQh le>s tkrs gSa
A fl;j vy vkdrkc uked iqLrd ds vuqlkj muds Hkkjr esa inkiZ.k
djus ls ogk¡ bLyke dh LFkkiuk gqbZ A mUgksua s vius rdZ vkSj fo}rk ls
Hkkjr esa iqjkru dky ls pys vk jgs dqQz vkSj f’kdZ ¼ fgUnw /keZ ½ ds
va/ksjs dks u"V dj fn;k A blfy, budks uch vy fgUn ¼ fgUnqLrku
dk iSxEcj ½ Hkh dgk tkrk gS A lRrj o"kZ rd og fujarj Hkkjr Hkwfe
ij uekt i<+rs jgs A ftl ij mudh n;k n`f"V iM+h og rqjar vYykg
dk lkehI; ik x;k A ¼vFkkZr eqlyeku gks tkrk Fkk ½ izR;sd ckj tc
og dqjku dk ikB lekIr djrs Fks vn`’; ls ,d vkokt vkrh Fkh %
eqbUkqíhu rqEgkj ikB Lohdkj gS A ;+|fi dgk tkrk gS fd eqbuqíhu
lksuk cukuk tkurs Fks ijUrq ¼ bruk rks lR; gS ½ fd mudh ikd’kkyk
es bruk Hkkstu curk Fkk fd uxj ds lHkh nfjnz yksx ogk¡ Hkkstu dj
ysrsrs Fks A ikd’kkyk dk ukSdj tc muds ikl /ku ekaxus tkrk Fkk rks
og viuh uekt dh njh dk ,d dksuk mBk nsrs Fks A ogk¡ vikj

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 /kujkf’k jksus ds :i esa iM+h jgrh Fkh A og ukSdj ls dg nsrs Fks
ftrkuk pkgs mBk dj ys tk, A
dgk tkrk gS fd ,d ckj tc os iSxEcj ekSgEen dh etkj dh rhFkZ
;k=k ij x, rks ,d fnu vanj ls vkokt vkbZ eqbuqíhu dks Hkstks A
tc eqbuqíhu njokts ij vkdj [kM+s gq, rks mUgksua s iSxEcj dks cksyrs
ns[kk eqbuqíhu rqe esjs etgc dk lkj gks A rqEgsas fgUnqLrku tkuk gS A
ogk¡ vtesj gS tgk¡ esjk ,d oa’kt tsgkn djus x;k Fkk A vkSj
‘'kghn gks x;k vkSj og LFkku dkfQjksa ds dCts esa pyk x;k gS A
rqEgkjs pj.k ogk¡ iM+us ls ,d ckj fQj bLyke ogk¡ viuh izfr"Bk izkIr
djsxk vkSj dkfQj fgUnw vYykg ds dzk/s k ds Hkktu cusx a sA
pqukps eqbuqíhu vtesj igq¡ps A ogk¡ igq¡pdj mUgksua s dgk vYykg dk
;’k c<+s D;ksfa d eSus vius Hkzkrk dh lEifRr ij fQj vf/kdkj ik fy;k
gS A ;|fi ml le; ogk¡ dh >hy ds pkjksa vksj cgqr ls ewfrZ efUnj
Fks ] [oktk us dgk ;fn vYykg vkSj iSxEcj us pkgk rks eq>s bu ewfrZ
efUnjksa dks /oLr djus esa nsj ugha yxsxh
xh A
fl;j vy vdrkc fQj o.kZu djrk gS fd [oktk us fdl izdkj
peRdkfjd rjhdksa ls mu fgUnw xq#vksa ¼ czkã.kksa ½ vkSj fgUnw nsoh
nsorkvksa ij fot; izkIr dh tks muds ogk¡ jgus dk ?kksj fojks/k dj jgs
Fks A
bu dgkfu;ksa esa ls ,d ds vuqlkj ml le; ds fnYyh lezkV~ jk;
fiFkkSjk ¼ i`Foh jkt pkSgku ½ dk dksbZ fo’okl?kkrh lsod tks vius
Lokeh ls fdUgha dkj.kksa ls }s"k j[krk Fkk [oktk dh ‘'kj.k vk;kA
[oktk us jk; fiFkkSjk ds ikl bl O;fDr dh flQkfj’k Hksth tks jk;
fiFkkSjk us vLohdkj dj nh A [oktk us bl ij Øq) gksdj Jki fn;k %
geus jk; fiFkSjk dks thfor bLykeh lsukvksa ds gkFksa esa ns fn;k gS Aa
bu dgkfu;ksa ds peRdkfjd Hkkx dks NksM+ nsa rks okLrfodrk ;g yxrh
gS fd vtesj esa dksbZ lwQh ogk¡ ds fgUnqvksa dk /kekZUrj.k djus vk;k Fkk

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 ftls ogk¡ ds fgUnqvksa us Øksf/kr gksdj ekj Mkyk A [oktk tc gt
djus x, rks ogk¡ ;g ckr crkbZ x;h A ml /kekZUrj.k dk;Z djus ij
fQj ogk¡ ds /keZfu"B czkã.kksa bR;kfn us mudk fojks/k fd;k fdUrq vius
vFkkg /ku ds cy ij tks dnkfpr eqlyeku ‘'kkldksa }kjk mudks
feyrk Fkk mUgksua s LFkkuh; va/kfo’oklh yksxksa esa viuh peRdkfjd
‘'kfDr;ksa dk izn’kZu dj ¼ tks vusd lk/kq vkSj Qdhj gkFk dh lQkbZ
ls vkt Hkh dj fn[kkrs gSa ½ dqN dks eqlyeku cuk fy;k A buea dqN
,sls izHkko’kkyh yksx Hkh Fks tks fdUgha dkj.kksa ls vius Lokeh fnYyh
ujs’k i`Fohjkt pkSgku ls #"V Fks vkSj fo’okl?kkr ds fy, rS;kj gks x,
A bl fLFkfr ds mRiUu gks tkus ds dkj.k [oktk us jk; fiFkkSjk ls
lh/ks lh/ks vusd vkxzg djus izkjEHk dj fn, A tks frjLdkj iwod Z
ukeatwj dj fn, x, A [oktk xtuh x, vkSj rRdkyhu lqYrku
f’kgkcqíhu xkSjh dks ifjfLFkfr;k¡ vuqdyw crkdj Hkkjr ij vkØe.k ds
fy, vkeaf=r fd;k A
f’kgkcqíhu us Hkkjr ij vusd vkØe.k fd, A ijUrq gj ckj i`Fohjkt
us mls ijkLr dj mlds {kek ek¡xus ij viuh mnkjrko’k mls l&lSU;
okfil tkus fn;k A fdUrq i‘Foh jkt dk ‘'k=q rks ?kj esa gh cSBk
jgk A nwljs ‘'k=q Hkh c<+ x, A QyLo:i i`Fohjkt pkSjkt f’kgkcqíhu
ds gkFkksa cUnh cuk fy, x, A
;FkkFkZoknh f’kgkcqíhu us ,d ckj Hkh og ew[kZrk ugha fn[kkbZ tks
i`Fohjkt fn[kkrs jgs Fks A gkFk esa vkrs gh mlus i`Fohjkt dk o/k dj
fn;k A
fl;kj by vdrkc ls ekywe gksrk gS fd bl ?kVuk ls igys gh [oktk
eqbuqíhu vtesj ds izfl) tksxh vt;iky dks eqlyeku cukus esa
lQy gks x;k Fkk A blds i’pkr~ mlus viuk Msjk tksxh ds fo’kky
eafnj esa gh tek fy;k A eqbuqíhu dh njxkg ij cus cqyUn njoktksa
esa uDdk’kh fd, tks iRFkj yxs gSa mudks ns[kus ls yxrk gS fd os

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 igys eafnj ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx fd, x, Fks A ,sls dÍj fgUnqvksa vkSj
fgUnw /keZ ds ‘k=q us fdl izdkj okLrfod /;s; dks fNikdj viuh
/keZfujis{krk dk Hkze vU/kfo’oklh fgUnqvksa esa mRiUu fd;k gksxk bldk
uewuk vkt Hkh izR;{k gS A ,d czkã.k ifjokj pUnu f?kl dj og ysi
njxkg esa Hkstrk gS tks [oktk dh etkj ij p<+k;k tkrk gS A
eqlyekuksa esa panu ds ysi dk iz;ksx fdlh /kkfeZd d`R; esa ugha fd;k
tkrk A ;g pUnu dk ysi ogk¡ij vt;iky tksxh ds bZ"V nsork dh
ewfrZ ds fy, Hkstk tkrk jgk gksxk A
fl;kj by vkfjQhu bl egku lar ds thou dk;Z dk bl izdkj
tk;tk ysrh gSa A
ml ¼ eqbuqíhu fp’rh ½ ds fgUnqLFkku vkus ij ml ns’k esa bLYkke dk
ekXkZ iz’kLr gks x;k A mlus ¼ bLyke ds izfr ½ vfo’okl ds va/ksjs
dks u"V dj fn;k vkSj bLyke dk izdk’k pkjksa vksj QSyk vehj [kqnZ
dh nks pkSikb;ksa esas [oktk es vkxeu ls igys vkSj i’pkr ds fgUnqLFkku
dk bl izdkj o.kZu gS A
lEiw.kZ Hkkjr ¼ bLyke ½ etgc vkSj ¼’kjh;r ½dkuwu ls vufHkK Fkk A
fdlh dks vYykg vkSj iSxEcj dk irk ugha Fkk A fdlh us dkck ds
n’kZu ugha fd, Fks A fdlh dks vYykg dh egkurk dk Kku ugha Fkk A
vkSj [oktk ds vkus ds ckn mldh ryokj ds dkj.k bl dqQz dh Hkwfe
esa ewfrZ;ksa vkSj eafnjksa ds LFkku ij efLtn feEcj vkSj esgjkc cu x, A
ftl Hkwfe ij ewfrZ;ksa xq.kxkku gksrk Fkk vc ukj;s rdohj ¼ vYykgks
vdcj ½ lqukbZ nsrh gS A lpeqp Hkkjr ds bLykehdj.k esa eqbuqíhu
fp’rh dk egRRo ekSgEen fcu dkfle ] egewn xtuoh ] f’kgkcqíhu
xkSjh ] f[ktyh ] rqxyd ] ckcj ] vkSjx a tsc bR;kfn lqYrkuksa ls de
ugha gS vkSj ;gh mldh egkurk gS A

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 caxky dk bLykehdj.k
dk'ehj dh Hkk¡fr caxky ds bLykehdj.k esa Hkh lwfQ;ksa us egRoiw.kZ
Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ A
400 bZ0 esa caxky esa jktk x.ks’k flagkluk:<+ Fks A bl fgUnw jkT; esa
eqfLye mysek vkSj lwQh ¼ fgUnqvksa ds /kekZUrj.k vkSj bLyke ds izpkj
}kjk ½ vusd leL;k,a mRIkUu dj jgs Fks A jktk x.ks’k dks bu lwfQ;ksa
dh jktuhfrd ‘'kfDr dk dksbZ vkHkkl ugha Fkk A mlus bu yksxksa dk
neu djus dh Bkuh A
dqrcqy vkye ‘'ks[k uw#y ge ukeh lwQh us lqYrku bczkghe ‘'kjdh
dks i= fy[kk fd og vkdj caxky ds eqlyekuksa dh j{kk djs A Li"V
gS fd lwfQ;ksa us ogk¡ lqYrku ds i{k esa dkQh dqN rS;kfj¡;k dj yh
gksxa h A lqYrku bczkghe us bl i= dh izkfIr ij caxky ds fo#) ;q)
dh ‘'kq#okr dj nh A jktk x.ks’k us bl vuisf{kr ;q) esa viuh
fLFkfr detksj le> dj mlh ‘'ks[k uw#y gd ls ftlls og ihNk
NqM+kuk pkgrk Fkk lgk;rk dh vihy dh A ‘'ks[k us dgk fd og
mldh lgk;rk rHkh dj ldrk gS tc jktk bLyke Lohdkj dj ys A
jktk rks rS;kj gks x;k ijUrq jkuh ds fojks/k ds dkj.k le>kSrk bl ckr
ij gqvk fd jktk flagklu vius iq= tnq dks lkSia ns vkSj iq= bLyke
Lohkj dj ys A rn~uqlkj tnq ¼ tykyqíhu ekSgEen cudj ½ flagklu
ij cSBk A lqYrku bczkghe us viuh lsuk,a okfil cqyk yha A bl ?kVuk
ls gh lwfQ;ksa dh ‘'kfDr vkSj Hkkjr ds bLykehdj.k ds dk;Z esa
rRdkyhu eqfLye lqYrkuksa ls muds rkyesy dk Kku gks tkrk gS A
tykyqíhu ekSgEen dks rks ‘'ks[kksa vkSj lwfQ;ksa ds gkFk dh dBiqryh
dh rjg jguk gh Fkk A mlus 1414 & 1431 ds vius 17 o"kZ ds
‘'kklu esa viuh fgUnw iztk dk cMs+ iSekus ij cykr~ /keZ ifjorZu
fd;k vkSj caxky dks eqlyeku cukus esa viuh iwjh jkT; ‘'kfDr yxk
nh A

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 tks jktk bLyke xzg.k dj ysrs Fks os nwljs fgUnqvksa ds /kekZUrj.k es
cgqr #fp ysrs Fks A bldk dkj.k ;g Fkk fd fgUnw iztk /kekZUrfjr
jktk dks ?k‘.kk dh n`f"V ls ns[krh Fkh a jktk dks fonzkgs vkSj “kM~;U=
dk lnSo Hk; cuk jgk Fkk A iztk esa tks yksx eqlyeku gks tkrs Fks
eqfLye ‘'kkld ds i{k esa gks tkrs Fks A caxky ds bLykehdj.k esa bl
izdkj ds /kekZUrfjr jktkvksa dk cM+k ;ksxnku gS A lqYrku tykyqíhu ¼
tnq ½ ] dkyk igkM+ ] eqf’kZn vyh [kk¡ ] ihj vyh vkSj ekSgEen
eqlyeku gksus ls igys czkã.k Fks A blh izdkj ijlsuh ds eqfLye jktk
] jktk iqfnr flag ds oa’kt gSa pVxk¡o ds vln [kk¡ ] ‘';ke jk;
pkS/kjh ds oa’kt gSa A frIijk ds ijxuk ljk;u ] eseu flag ] gScrr
uxjh vkSj taxe ckM+h ds nhoku ifjokjksa vkSj njHkaxk ds eQkSyh ds
iBku ifjokjksa ds iwot
Z fgUnw Fks A bu yksxksa us Hk;kud :i ls fgUnqvksa
dk /kekZUrj.k fd;k A MWk0 okbt us tykyqíhu lqYrku ds fo"k; esa
fy[kk gS A ,d gh ‘'krZ Fkh dqjku e`R;q A cgqr ls fgUnw dke:i vkSj
vle ds taxyksa esa Hkkx x, A
ml le; bLyke ls cpus dk ;gh ,d ekxZ Fkk ] ?kj ckj NksMd + j ?kus
taxyksa esa jgus yxuk A fdUrq D;k os lnSo Hk; eqDr gks tkrs Fks \
eqlyeku lqYrku tqxyksa esa mudk ihNk ugha NksM+rs Fka ftl izdkj
taxyh i’kqvksa ds f’kdkj esa gk¡dk tkrk gS mlh izdkj taxy esa ,d Hkkx
ij lSfud pkjksa vksj ls ?ksjk Mky nsrs Fks A fQj og ?ksjk /khjs /khjs NksVk
gksrk tkrk Fkk A mlesa tks Hkh L=h ] iq#"k cPps idM+s tkrs Fks o xqyke
cuk fy, tkrs Fks A ;fn fons’k esa cspus ds fy, u Hksts x, rks vius
gh ns’k es fuEu dksfV Hkaxh bR;kfn dk dke djus dks etcwj fd, tkrs
Fksa bLyke xzg.k rks mudksa djuk gh iM+rk Fkk A bl izFkk dks dej?kk
dgk tkrk Fkk A
Mk0 okbt vkxs fy[krs gSa ;g lEHko gS fd bl tykyqíhu lqYrku us
vius pkSng o"kZ ds ‘'kklu dky esa ftrus caxkyh fgUnqvksa dks

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 eqlyeku cuk fn;k mrus vxys 300 o"kZ esa Hkh ugha cus A ckjcksl
fy[krk gS fd 16 oha ‘'krkCnh es caxky esa eqlyeku gksuk brul
ykHknk;d Fkk fd ‘'kkldksa ds d`ik ik= cuus ds fy, c M+h Lka[;k esa
fgUnw izfrfnu eqlyeku gks jgs Fks A
Li"V gS fd ;fn x.ks’k tSlk n`<+ izfrK fgUnw jktk lwfQ;ksa dks lkeuk
djus esa vleFkZ jgk rks NksVs NksVs jktk vkSj tehankj mudh
dkjxqtkfj;ksa dks dSls jksd ldrs Fks A QyLo:i Hkkjr o"kZ ,d fo’kky
f’kdkjxkg cu x;k Fkk A igk¡ ‘'kkld gfFk;kj ysdj vkSj lwQh
mudh lgk;rk ds fy, /kkfeZd vkoj.k esa peRdkjksa ds uke ij laxfBr
gksdj fgUnqvksa dk f’kdkj djus dks mrj iM+s Fks A
NksVs NksVs jktk tehankj vkSj fdlku ;fn lqYrku dks f[kjkt ¼ VSDl ½
vFkok ftft;k nsus esa vleFkZ gksrs Fks rks mUgsa lifjokj eqlyeku gks
tkuk iM+rk Fkk A ;g izFkk caxky esa gh ugha iwjs Hkkjr es a izpfyr Fkh
D;ksfa d xqtjkr ls caxky rd mlds vusd mnkgj.k feyrs gSa A
eqfLye lqYrkuksa vkSj ckn’kkgksa ds ;gk¡ xqykeksa ds vfrfjDr fgtM+ksa dh
Hkh cgqr ek¡x Fkh mudk ‘'kkgh gje esa fHkUu fHkUu inksa ij dk;Z djus
ds fy, mi;ksx fd;k tkrk Fkk A Lo;a lqYrku dh lqj{KK ds
fy, fgtM+ksa dh ,d lsuk rS;kj dh tkrh Fkh A cgqr de mez ds cPpksa
dks cf/k;k dj fn;k tkrk Fkk A /khjs /khjs mUgsa vius ifjokj tu Hkwy
tkrs Fksa fQj mudks lSfud f’k{kk nh tkrh Fkh A ?kqM+lokjh fl[kkbZ
tkrh Fkh vkSj mudk eq[; dRrZO; lqYrku dh j{kk djuk gksrk Fkk A
bl izdkj nklksa vkSj fgtM+ks dks caxky ls lglzksa dh la[;k esa izfro"kZ
fu;kZr fd;k tkrk Fkk A lglzksa nkl Hkh ;gk¡ ls Hksts tkrs Fks A
izpfyr fo’okl ds foijhr fd ;s lwQh fgUnqvksa ds izfr n;kyq gksrs Fks
;s Hkh lqYrkuksa dh rjg mu fgUnqvksa izfr tks /keZ ifjorZu dks rS;kj ugha
gksrs Fksa vfr Øwj gksrs Fks A dsoy ,d mnkgj.k gh i;kZIr gksxk A

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 ‘'ks[k vCnqy díql xaxksgh ¼lgkjuiqj m-iz- ½ fpf’r;k flyflys dk
lwQh Fkk ;g flyflyk nwljs flyflyksa dh vis{kk vf/kd mnkj le>k
tkrk gS A bl lwQhus lqYrku fldUnj yksnh ] ckcj vkSj gqek;w¡ dks
vusd i= fy[ks A mldk vkxzg Fkk fd ‘’kfj;r dks l[rh ls ykxw
fd;k tk, vkSjfgUnqvksa dks Hkwfe VSDl vkSj viekutud ftft;k VSDl
nsus ij etcwj dj fn;k tk, A ckcj dks fy[ks x, i= esa mlus vkxzg
fd;k % mysek vkSj lwfQ;ksa dks vf/kd ls vf/kd laj{k.k vkSj lgk;rk
nh tk, A ‘'kfj;r fu;eksa ds vuqlkj mu ij lc izdkj ds vieku
vkSj frjLdkj ykns tk,a A okLro eaa eqfLye dky esa fgUnqvksa dks
bLyke esa ykus ds fy, tks vR;kpkj vkSj vU;k;iw.kZ rjhds viuk, x,
mudh QsgfjLr varghu gS A
16 oha vkSj 18 oha ‘'krkCnh ds chp eqfLye ‘'kkldksa vkSj lwfQ;ksa ds
laxfBr iz;kl }kjk fgUnqvksa dk cM+s iSekus /kekZUrj.k fd;k x;k A lwQh
yksx bl dk;Z ls lacf/kr Qkjl] bZjkd vkSj e/; ,sf'k;k dk viuk
vuqHko lkFk ysdj vk, Fks A
Hkkjro"kZ eas vkt Hkh bu e`r vkSj thfor lwfQ;ksa }kjk vusd /keZ
ifjorZu gks jgs gSa A

dk'ehj dk bLykehdj.k
nSfud lekpkj i=ksa esa dk'ehj esa pjkj , 'kjhQ uked uUn _f"k
uw#íhu dh njxkg dks vkradokfn;ksa }kjk tyk fn, tkus ij vusd
lekpkj vkSj ys[k Nis ] 10 & 11 ebZ 1995 dh jkr d'ehj esa pjkj ,
'kjhQ njxkg ty dj [kkd gks x;h A Hkkjrh; izsl us viuh vknr ds
vuqlkj mls lwQh lar uq#íhu uwjkuh dh ifo= njxkg ¼ bf.M;k VqMs
½ flEcy vkWQ lSD;wy
w fjTe ] ,s eksLV oSY;q,q fcy flEcy vkWQ dYpjy
vkbMSfUVVh ¼ ÝUV ykbu ½ ] ,cksM vkWQ fj'kkht ¼ bdksukWfed VkbEl ½

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 bR;kfn u tkus D;k D;k dg dj xkSjo ef.Mr fd;k A vkSj viuh ?kksj
vufHkKrk yTtktud izn'kZu Hkh A
pjkj ,s 'kjhQ x, loZnyh; lalnh; izfrfuf/k e.My dh rjQ ls
tkjh ,d foKfIr es dE;qfULV usrk bUnzthr xqIrk us ogk¡ igq¡pdj bl
egku lwQh lar dks viuh J)katyh vfiZr dh tks lkEiznkf;d ,drk
ds izrhd jgs Fks A ¼ uothou y[kum ½ gs Hkxoku ! dSlh ?kksj
vufHkKrk ! vkSj og Hkh ns'k ds xkSjo ds izrhd laln ds lnL;ksa esa !
dqN gh yksxksa dks dnkfpr+ ;g Kkr gksxk fd ;g uq#íhu dkSu
Fkk \ ;g dkSu lh xaxk tequh ] /keZ fujis{k ] lkaLd`frd ijEijk dh
igpku Fkk Aa chloh 'krkCnh ds vfUre n'kd esa dk'ehj esa QSys
jDrjaftr vkradokn esa bu rFkk dfFkr lar _f"k vkSj muds vU;
lg;ksxh lwQh lUrksa dh D;k egRroiw.kZ Hkwfedk jgh gS \ ckr vthc lh
yxrh gS ijUrq lR; ;g gS fd ;fn bu rFkkdfFkr eqfLye larksa ]
_f"k;ksa ] lwfQ;ksa dk d'ej esa inkiZ.k u gqvk gksrk vFkok ogk¡ ds
'kkldksa us bUgsa lar vkSj _+ f"k le> dj vkJ; u fn;k gksrk rks vkt
d'ehj fo'o dk loZJ"s B iaFkfujis{k 'kkfUrfiz; ns'k gqvk gksrk A i`Foh
ij lk{kkr LOkxZ A
d'ehj ds bLykehdj.k es ,d vksj fldUnj cqr f'kdu tSls [kw[a kkj
lqYrkuksa dh Hkwfedk gS ogha nwljh vksj lwfQ;ksa dk te?kV gS A ftUgksua s
fofo/k izdkj ls lUrksa ] ;ksfx;ksa egkRekvksa ds Nn~e :i esa vius f'k";ksa
vkSj vuq;kf;;ksa dk /keZ ifjorZu dj czkã.k d'ehj dks eqfLye d'ehj
cuk fn;k A fldanj cqrf'kdu ds ¼ 1389 & 1431 ½ fo"k; esa
jktrjafx.kh crkrh gS a lqYrku vius reke jktlh dRrZO;ksa dks Hkqykdj
fnu jkr ewfRrZ;k¡ rksMu+ s dk vkUuUn mBkrk jgrk Fkk A mlus ekrZ.M ]
fo".kq ] bZ'kku pdzorhZ vkSj f=iqj's oj dh ewfrZ;k¡ rksM+ Mkyh Fkha A dksbZ
Hkh ou ] xzke ] uxj vFkok egkuxj ,slk u Fkk tgk¡ rq# q "d vkSj mlds
ea=h lqgq k us nso eafnj rksMu+ s ls NksM+ fn, gksa A

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 fgUnqvksa ds fy, ,d gh fodYi Fkk % bLyke vFkok e`R;q A dqN d'ehjh
czkã.kksa us igkM+ ls dwn dj ] vkx esa ty dj vFkok nwljh izdkj
vkRegR;k dj yh A dqN fdlh izdkj 'kklu }kjk Mkys x, ?ksjs dks
pdek nsdj ns'k ls Hkkxus esa lQy gks x, A vf/kdka'k us bLyke
Lohdkj dj fy;k A cgqr ls rfd;ksa vFkkZr~ njxkgksa esa jgus yxs
ftldk vFkZ Fkk fd os Hkkstu ds ykyp esa eqlyeku gks x, A dgk
tkrk gS fd fldUnj cqr f'kdu ds vR;kpkjksa ds QyLo:i d'ehj esa
dqy 11 czkã.k ifjokj 'ks"k jg x, A mlds ledkyhu tEew ds fgUnw
jktk dks rSewj us /kkSal vkSj Hk; }kjk eqlyeku cuk fy;k A
fdUrq fgUnqvksa ds vfLrRRo dks feVkus ds fy, lwQh yksx fldUnj cqr
f'kdu ls dgha vf/kd izHkko'kkyh vkSj [krjukd Fks A fldUnj cqr
f'kdu ds vR;kpkj nz"VO; Fks A o lwQh ehBs fo"k Fks ftudksa fgUnw
Lo;aeso ve`r le> dj ihrs Fks A mu vR;kpkjksa ds Hk; ls mPp vkSj
e/;e oxZ ds fgUnw eqlyeku curs Fks A fUkEu oxZ ds fgUnw ftft;k vkSj
nwljs vkfFkZd ncko rFkk yksHk ds dkj.k A ijURkq Qy ogh gksrk Fkk tks
fldUnj cqr f'kdu dks b"V Fkk blyke esa /kekZUrj.k A fldUnj cqr
f'kdu ds Mj ls yksx Hkkxrs Fks A igkM+ ls dwn dj vkRegR;k dj ysrs
Fks fd dgha og mudk /keZ u"V u dj ns A lwfQ;ksa dh vksj os mlh
izdkj f[kaps pys tkrs Fks vkSj [kq'kh ls bLyke u esa izfo"V gks tkrs Fks ]
tks fonzkgs djrs Fksa os u"V dj fn, tkrs Fksa A
czkã.k ckgqY; d'ehj ds bLykehdj.k esa ftu lwfQ;ksa dk fo'ks"k
;ksxnku jgk muesa ,d 'kh"kZLFk lwQh ;gh 'ks[kuw#íhu Fkk ftldh
njxkg pjkj ,s 'kjhQ eqfLye vkradokfn;ksa }kjk tyk, tkus ij ppkZ
dk fo"k; cu x;h A bldk tUe 9 vizy S 1370 bZb0Z dks gqvk
crk;k tkrk gS A
'ks[k uw#íhu dh lwQh er esa nh{kk l;;n vyh genkuh us nh vFkok
mlds fdlh [kyhQk us bl ij dqN erHksn gSa A fdUrq bleas lUnsg

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 ugha fd og l;;n vyh genkuh dh ijEijk esa gh iyk A blfy, 'ks[k
uw#
w íhu ds O;fDrRRo dk okLrfod ifjp; ikus ds fy, mlds ihj
l;;n genkuh ds pfj= dks tkuuk vko';d gS A
1089 esa egkjkt g"kZ ds jkT; dky ls gh vusd fdjk, ds eqfLye
lSfud vkSj eqfLye O;kikj d'ehj esa vkdj clus yxs Fks A blh
izdkj ds lSfudksa esa ,d 'kkg ehj Fkk tks 1313 bZ0 esa ogk¡ igq¡pk ]
1320 bZ0 ds yxHkx eaxksy ljnkj tqydnz [kk¡us d'ehj ij vkØe.k
dj ogk¡ cM+h rckgh epk;h A yqVs fiVs d'ehj ij yík[k ds ,d
ckS) fjuNkuk us ogk¡ ds fgUnw jktk dks gVkdj viuh lRrk LFkkfir
dj yh A fdUrq d'ehj dh czkã.k iztk mlds ckS) gksus ds dkj.k
yxkrkj fonzkgs jr jgrh Fkh A 'kkgehj ds le>kus ij bl fLFkfr ls
fuiVus ds fy, ckS) fjuNkuk us bLyke Lohdkj dj fy;k A
fjUkNkuk us 'kkgehj dks viuk iz/kkuea=h fu;qDr dj fn;k A e/;
,f'k;k vkSj bZjku eqfLye gks pqdk Fkk A fjuNkuk dk /keZifjorZu
djus okys lwQh dk uke Fkk l;;n 'kQqíhu lqgjkonhZ tks rqfdZLrku
ds 'ks[k f'kgkcqíhu dk f'k"; Fkk A fjuNkuk dk eqfLye uke Fkk
ln#íhu A 'ks[k dks d'ehj esa cqycqy 'kkg ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gS
A fjuNkuk us /keZ ifjorZu ds ckn bu lwfQ;ksa dks dkQh tehusa nha ]
ftu ij mUgksua s [kkudkg LFkkfir fd, vkSj fgUnqvksa ds /keZ ifjorZu
dks ubZ 'kfDr feyh A
dkQh jktuhfrd mFky iqFky ds ckn 'kkgehj 1339 bZ esa d'ehj dh
xíh ij cSBk A xíh izkIr djus ds fy, czkã.kksa dk lg;ksx vko';d
Fkk A ml lg;ksx dks izkIr djus ds fy, mlus viuh iqf=;k¡ czkã.k
ljnkjksa dks C;kg nha A mlls czkã.kksa dk fojks/k Hkh lekIr gks x;k vkSj
vUrr% os Hkh eqlyeku gks x, ] D;ksfa d eqlyeku yM+fd;ksa ls fookg
djus okys yksx ikjEifjd fgUnw lekt esa ugha jg ldrs Fks A

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 1420 & 70 esa Hkh d'ehj ds l;;n e[nwe tgkafu;k¡ ds f'k";ksa }kjk
lqgjkonhZ lwfQ;ksa dks cgqr c<+kok feyk A blh le; esa fdjeku dk
l;;n vgen d'ehj esa vkdj clk A e[nwe tgkafu;k¡ dh ijEijk ds
,d lwQh l;;n tekyqíhu us d'ehj esa vkdj /kekZUrj.k fd, A og
dsoy 6 eghus d'ehj esa jgh vkSj fQj vius ;ksX; f'k"; 'ks[k getk
ij dk;Z Hkkj NksMd + j fnYyh pyk x;k A
fdUrq pkSngoha 'krkCnh ds vfUre fnuksa esa d'ehj esa ehj l;;n vyh
genkuh ¼ uan _f"k uw#íhu ds xq# ½ us tks ijEijk d'ehj esa Mkyh
mlus d'ehj dk uD'kk gh cny fn;k A Hkkjr es vkus ls igys bUgksua s
vius ,d vuq;k;h l;;n rktqíhu dks d'ehj Hkstk A l;;n rktqíhu
dks d'ehj ds le; ml le; ds lqYrku f'kgkcqíhu ¼ 1345 & 73 ½
}kjk [kkudkg cukus ds fy, Hkwfe vkSj /ku bR;kfn vusd lqfo/kk,a nh
x;h A Jh uxj ds mRrj if'pe fn'kk esa ogk¡ ls 9 ehy ds Qklys ij
f'kgkcqíhu iqjk esa bl [kkudkg dh uhao iM+h A
vius f'k"; ls d'ehj dh jktuhfrd vkSj /kkfeZd fLFkfr dh fjiksVZ izkIr
gksus s ij l;;n vyh genkuh Hkh vius 700 f'k";ksa ds lkFk 1381 bZ0 esa
d'ehj esa vkdj cl x, A ml le; lqYrku dqrcq íq hu dk 'kklu Fkk
A
l;;n vyh genkuh ] vykmíkSyk ds fleukuh mRlkg ls tks mlds
ihj 'ks[k 'kjQqíhu ds ihj Fks ] Hk;kud :i ls izHkkfor Fkk A mlds
vkSj mlds f'k";ksa ds bl vlhe mRlkg dh ifj.kfr eafnj /oLr djus
vkSj d'ehjh fgUnqvksa dk cykr~ /keZ ifjorZu djus esa gqbZ A
d'ehj igq¡pus ij lS;n vyh genkuh us Jhuxj ds dkyh efUnj ds
czkã.k iqtkjh dk igyk /kekZUrj.k fd;k A genkuh dh izsj.kk ls lqYrku
}kjk dkyh efUnj dks rksMd + j ogk¡ genkuh dk [kkudkg LFkkfir fd;k
x;k A genkuh us d'ehj dk foLr`r nkSjk fd;k vkSj yxHkx chl
bZjkuh lwfQ;ksa dks ftUgsa og vius lkFk yk;k Fkk fofHkUu LFkkuksa ij

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 LFkkfir fd;k A bu lHkh us bu LFkkuksa ij [kkudkg vksj yaxj ¼ eq¶r
Hkkstuky; ½ cuk, ftUgsa eqfLye 'kklu us lc izdkj dh lgk;rk nh A
genkuh ds vusd d'ehjh f'k";ksa us viuh viuh [kkudkgsa cukbZa vkSj
iwjs d'ehj dks /kekZUrj.k dsUnzksa ls ikV fn;k A ;s lwQh yksx tgk¡ vius
peRdkj ¼ ckthxjh ½ ls va/kfo'oklh Hkksys Hkkys fgUnw vkSj ckS)
d'ehfj;ksa dk /kekZ.rj.k djrs Fks ] ogha 'kklu dh fNih vFkok [kqyh
lgk;rk }kjk efUnjksa dks /oLr dj mu ij [kkudkg vkSj efLtnsa
fuekZ.k djuk mudk eq[; dk;Z Fkk vkSj bl dk;Z esa og vR;Ur #fp
ysrs Fks A
genkuh rhu o"kZ d'ehj esa jgk A mlds ckn gt ds fy, tkrs gq,
ekxZ esa mldh e`R;q gks x;h A e/; ,f'k;k esa mldks nQu dj fn;k
x;k A bUgha l;;n vyh genkuh dh ijEijk esa 'ks[kuw#íhu ¼ _f"k
UkUn ½ iyk vkSj cM+k gqvk A ftl le; 'ks[k uw#íhu d'ehj ds
bLykehdj.k dh lksp jgs Fks ml le; d'ehj esa ,d f'ko mikld
;ksfxuh ykyk nhnh dk cgqr uke Fkk A mls yksx I;kj ls ykyk nsn
dgrs Fks A yky nsn dh dfork,a ?kj ?kj esa xk;h tkrh Fkh A d'ehjh
turk esas mudk viwoZ lEeku Fkk A
genkuh ds rhu o"khZ; efUnj /oLr djks vfH;ku ls d'ehjh czkã.k
cgqy lekt esa lwfQ;ksa ds izfr jks"k O;kIRk gks x;k Fkk A 'sk[k uw#íhu us
d'ehj ds bLykehdj.k dk nwljk ekxZ idM+k A mlus yky nsn dh
lkoZtfud izfr"Bk vkSj turk }kjk viwoZ ize dks ns[kdj mldh ijEijk
esa bLyke ds /kekZUrj.k izkx s zke ij fgUnw n'kZu dk jax p<+kdj izpkj
izkjEHk fd;k A 'kh?kz gh ykyk nsoh ds HkDr mldks Hkh mlh vknj dh
n`f"V ls ns[kus yxs A fQj izkjEHk gqvk ogh /kekZUrj.k dk flyflyk tks
izR;sd lwQh dk okLrfod fiz; vkSj ,d ek= /;s; gksrk gS A mUgksua s
vusd fgUnqvksa dk /kekZUrj.k dj mUgsa f'k"; cukdj vius nwljs
lg/kfeZ;ksa ds lkFk /kekZUrj.k esa yxk fn;k A mlds eq[; f'k";ksa esa

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 ckeqíhu ] tSuíq hu ] yrhQqíhu dk uke vkrk gS A ;s lHkh tUe ls
ckzã.k Fks A
/;ku nsus ;ksX; ckr ;g gS fd fdlh Hkh fgUnw lUr us pkgs og xq#
ukud gksa ;k yky nsoh vius fdlh Hkh eqfLye HkDr dk /kekZUrj.k ugha
fd;k ijURkq bu rFkk dfFkr /keZ fujis{k egku lwQh lUrksa us viusa fgUnw
HkDrksa dk lnSo gh bLyke esa /kekZUrj.k fd;k A
bUnzthr xqIrk tSls Hkkjrh; dE;qfuLVksa dks rks lksfo;r la?k tSls
'kfDr'kkyh jk"Vª dks fNUu fHkUu djus esa lwfQ;ksa dh Hkwfedk dk Kku
gksuk pkfg, A tc dE;qfuLV neu ds dkj.k :l ds eqlyekuksa us
lRrk ds lEeq[k leiZ.k dj fn;k ] dkds'kl ds vkl ikl eqfLye
cgqy jkT;ksa esa fofHkUu ijEijkvksa ds lwfQ;ksa us laxfBr gksdj ogk¡
izdVr% mlh izdkj dk ] ns[kus esa vjktuhfrd /kkfeZd vkUnksyu izkjEHk
fd;k tSlk fd d'ehj ds lUnHkZ essa ge Åij crk vk, gSa A
vySDtSUMj csfuaxlsu ] tks lksfo;r bLyke ds fo'ks"kK ekus tkrs gSa ]
dgrs gSa fd bl izdkj ds laxBu vkSj vkUnksyu ml le; ds fy,
mi;qDr gksrs gSa tc bLyke dkfQjksa ds fo#) ,d u;k ;q) yM+us ds
fy, viuh 'kfDr laxfBr dj jgk gksrk gS A lwfQ;ksa us bLyke ds
vfr:f<+oknh ftgknh :i dks c<+kok fn;k A vUrr% eqlyekuksa esa
etgch tquuw mRiUu dj dE;qfuLVksa dk lQk;k djus esa lQy gks x,
A ¼ izk0 MSfu;y ikbIl % bu n ikFk vkWQ xkWM ½ uw#n~nhu ds f'k";ksa us
vius dks /keZfujis{k lar ds :i esa is'k djus ds fy, lwQh ds LFkku ij
vius dks _f"k dguk iz kjEHk fd;k D;ksfa d lk/kkj.k fgUnw turk _f"k
eqfu;ksa dks lk/kkj.k egkRekvksa vkSj ;ksfx;ksa ls Hkh Js"B le>rh gS A
iqjkus _f"k eqfu;ksa ds ckjs esa dgk tkrk gS fd os ck?k dh /kkjh nkj
[kky ¼ ck?kkEcj ½ gh vks<+rs fcNkrs Fks A bu udyh _f"k;ksa uss Hkh
dkyh lsQns /kkfj;ksa ds Åuh diM+s iguuk 'kq: dj fn;k A vius
vlyh /;s; dks fNikus ds fy, bUgksua s ?kkVh esa Qyksa ds isM+ yxkus

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 tSlk yksdfgr dk;Zdk;Z Hkh fd;k tS;k bZlkbZ fe'kujh vLirky pyk dj
djrs gSa A fgUnw czãpkfj;ksa dh ijEijk esa ;s yksx ekal ugha [kkrs Fks
rFkk 'kknh ugha djrs Fks A blizdkj fgUnqvksa ij viuh vk/;kfRed /kkd
tek, j[krs Fks A buds fgUnw vuq;k;h bLyke xzg.k djrs rks rqjUr
mUgsa nwljs fgUnqvksa dks eqlyeku cukus ds dk;Z esa yxk fn;k tkrk Fkk
A os vius [kkudkg LFkkfir dj ysrs Fks A budh mi;ksfxrk dks ns[krs
gq, eqfLye fe'kujh fxjh iM+h [kLrk dczksa dks iDdk Lo:i nsdj mls
ihj] xkth vFkok 'kghn Qyk¡ Qyk¡ dh etkj e'kgwj dj nsrs gSa A
mudh peRdkjh 'kfDr;ksa dk izpkj gksus yxrk gSA vKkuh vkSj
vU/kfo'oklh fgUnqvksa dh HkhM+ eUur ekaxus ds fy, meM+us yxrh gS A
vU/kfo'okl ds dkj.k efgykvksa ds ;kSu 'kks"k.k dh dgkfu;k¡ Hkh ;nk
dnk lepkj i=ksa esa Nirh jgrh gSa A Lora=rk ds i'pkr bl izdkj
dh lglzksa ubZ etkjksa ij esys yxus yxrs gSa A

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 /kekZUrj.k] /kekZUrj.k] /kekZUrj.k

l;;n vkne cUukSjh ¼ 1543 bZ0 ½ ds ]llidlg esa 1000

O;fDr gj le; Bgjs jgrs Fks A rtdjs vknfe;k¡ ds vuqlkj og tgk¡
Hkh tkrs Fks muds lkFk mysek vkSj nwljs yksxksa dh HkhM+ Hkh tkrh Fkh ]
1642 bZ0 esa tc og ykgkSj vk, muds lkFk 10000 yksx Fks A mudh
yksdfiz;rk ns[kdj 'kkgtgk¡ Hkh Hk;Hkhr gks x;k A mlus cM+h /kujkf'k
nsdjmUgsa Hkkjr ls ckgj gTt ds fy, Hkst fn;k vkSj bl izdkj ml
'ks[k ls ihNk NqM+k;k A
rtdjs vknfe;k¡ vkSj nwljs lwQh xzUFkksa esa lwfQ;ksa ds ikl vuUr
/kujkf'k dk Li"Vhdj.k djus ds fy, mudh peRdkfjd 'kfDr;ksa dk
o.kZu fd;k x;k gS A mudk bruk jktuhfrd izHkko Fkk fd fnYyh ds
lezkV Hkh muls Hk; [kkus yxrs Fks A vfo'oluhl peRdkjh <dkslyksa
dks n`f"V ls nwj j[k dj ge ;g lkspus dks etcwj gkrs gSA fd ;g /ku
vkrk dgk¡ ls Fkk \ /ku ls lHkh oLrq,a izkIr gks tkrh gS% f'k"; ]
yksdfiz;rk ] gfFk;kj ] lsuk bR;kfn vkSj jktuhfrd izHkko A bl n`f"V
ls ns[kus ij ;g Li"V gks tkrk gS fd vkt dh Hkk¡fr gh ;g /ku ysus
okys pkgs lwQh gksa ;k nwljs yksx lHkh fnYyh ds lezkV ds langs ds
nk;js eas vkrs Fks D;ksfa d dqN lhekUr eqfLye ns'k Hkh eqxy lkezkT; ds
lhekUr izkUrksa ij lnSo fx) dh n`f"V yxk, jgrs Fks A
'kkgtgk¡ Lo;a fgUnqvksa ds /kekZUrj.k esa cgqr #fp ysrk Fkk A fQj
'kkgtgk¡ dk 'ks[k dh /kekZUrj.k xfrfof/k vkSj [;kfr ls Mjus dk
mi;qDZ r dkj.k gh gks ldrk gS A bLyke dk izlkj rks Bhd Fkk ] ijUrqq
lhekUr 'k=q ns'kksa ls /ku dk izo's k okaNuh; ugha Fkk A

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 [oktk ekSgEen eklwe ¼ 1+ 668 ½ ds 9]00]000 ¼ ukS yk[k ½ f'k"; Fks
ftuesa ls 7]000
7]000 mlds [kyhQk cus vFkkZr~ ftUgksua s mudh ijEijk esa /keZ
izpkj vkSj /keZ izlkj ds uke ij vla[; fgUnqvksa dks eqlyeku cuk;k A
lj l;;n ^^ valky my luknhn ^^ esa fy[krs gSA fd muds ;gk¡ 500
O;fDr izfrfnu Hkkstu djrs Fks A blh ckr ls bu lwQh dh vk; dk
vUnktk yxk;k
yxk;k tk ldrk gS A
19 oha 'krkCnh ds e'kgwj blykeh izpkjd vkSj fl[kksa vkSj vaxt zs ksa ds
fo#) l'kL= tsgkn djus okys l;;n vgen 'kghn ds dkjukes rks
dYiukrhu yxrs gSa y[kuÅ ds fo'o fo[;kr enjls ds HkwiwoZ losZ lokZ
vh fe;k¡ ds uke ls [;kr l;;n vcqy glu vyh unoh fy[krs gSa fd
% ^^ tc l;;n vgen 'kghn gt ;k=k ds fy, dydRrk tk jgs Fks rks
ekXkZ esa iM+us okys xzkeksa esa 'kk;n gh dksbZ O;fDr cpk gks ftlus muls
nh{kk u yh gks ¼ muds gkFkksa eqlyeku u cuk gks ½ A bykgkckn ]
fetkZiqj ] cukjl ] xkthiqj ] iVuk vkSj dydRrk esa rks fo'ks"k rkSj ij
,sls yksxksa dh la[;k yk[kksa esa gksxh A cukjl esa lnj vLirky ds
jksfx;ksa us muUgsa lekpkj fHktok;k fd og muds ikl vkus esa vleFkZ
gSa blfy, cM+h d`ik gksxh ;fn l;;n lkgc LO;a vLirky vkdj mUgasa
nh{kk ns nsa A
dydRrk esa mudk fuokl nksekl jgk vkSj yxHkx 1000 O;fDr
izfrfnu muls nh{kk ysrs jgs A nh{kk ds dk;Zdez tc le; dh raxh
ekywe gksus yxh rks ;g mik; fd;k x;k fd ,d cM+s edku esa yksxksa
dks tek fd;k tkrk Fkk A fQj lkr yEch pkSM+h ixM+h /kjrh ij fcNk
nh tkrh Fkh A yksx mu ixfM+;ksa ds fljksa dks idM+ ysrs Fks A fQj
l;;n lkgc ml ixM+h ds ,d fljs dks idM+dj muls dyek i<+ok
ysrs Fksa A blds i'pkr ;gh dze nwljh ixfM+;ksa ij ckjh ckjh ls pyrk
jgrk FkkA vuqeku yxk;k tk ldrk gS fd fgUnw la[;k dk fdruk cM+k

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 Hkkx ,d lwQh lUr }kjk eqlyeku cuk;k x;k A dyek i<+okuk
fu'p; gh eqlyeku cukuk gSA
l;;n vFkj vCckl cgjkbp ds 'kghn lykj elwn xkth dh njxkg
ds fo"k; esa vk'p;Z izdV djrs gq, fy[krs gSa fd mldh etkj ij
tkdj mldh iwtk djus okys yk[kksa fgUnqvksa ds fy, ;g fcYdqy
egRroiw.kZ ugha gS fd mlus
mlus muds fdrus iwot
Z ksa dk ¼ bLyke Lohdkj
u djus ij ½ o/k fd;k Fkk A
;ksX; gS

fgUnw rqe okLro esa /kU; gks ftudk /;s; gh rqedks tM+eyw ls
feVkuk Fkk vkSj /kU; gSa fgUnw lektds os yk[kksa lk/kq laU;klh ]
txn~x: q ] Hkxoku ] ln~x: q vkSj jktuhfrd usrk tks bu vufHkK
yksxksa dks bl izdkj dh iwtk ls fojr djus dk dksbZ iz;kl ugha djrs a
mYVs mUgsa le>krs jgrs gS fd lHkh /keZ leku gSa A lwQh lar Hkh fgUnw
larksa _f"k;ksa ds leku gh bZ'oj HkDr gSA ,sls lekt ds Uk"V gks tkus
esa D;k lUnsg gks ldrk gS \
viwT;k% ;= iwT;Urs iwT;kuke~ p fujknj% A
=hf.k r= izfo'kfURk ] nqfHkZ{ka ] ej.ka Hk;e~ AA
tks mudh iwtk djrs gSA tks iwtk ds ;ksX; ugha gSa vkSj mudk fujknj
djrs gsa tks iwtk ds ;ksX; gSA mudk rks vHkko vkSj Hk;xzLr gksuk vkSj
ejuk fuf'p; gh gS A

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