Software Verification

PROGRAM NAME: REVISION NO.:

SAP2000 8

EXAMPLE 2-006
SHELL SCORDELIS-LO ROOF WITH STATIC LOADS PROBLEM DESCRIPTION In this example a single span, cylindrical barrel vault roof is analyzed for gravity loads. The vertical deflection at the center of the free edge is compared with published theoretical results. In addition, displacement and bending moment results along the support and along the central section are compared with published results. The geometry, properties and loading are as suggested in MacNeal and Harder 1985. The 3 inch thick roof spans longitudinally 50 feet between supports. It is simply supported (Ux and Uz restrained) at its curved ends and is free along the straight edges. The roof has a 25 foot radius and a central angle of 40. As suggested in MacNeal and Harder 1985, only a quarter of the roof is modeled. A 6x6 mesh is used for the quarter roof. Symmetry conditions are imposed by restraining the Uy and Rx degrees of freedom at joints 44 through 49; restraining the Ux and Ry degrees of freedom at joints 1, 8, 15, 22, 29, and 36; and restraining both the Ux, Uy, Rx and Ry degrees of freedom at joint 43. LOADING The loading for this example is a 90 psf gravity load; that is, a uniform load on the surface area in the -Z direction of 90 psf. To test different types of loading, the load is input three different ways in three different load cases, as shown in the following table. Load Case SELF GRAV UNIF Load Type Self Weight Gravity Load Uniform Load

The unit weight of the concrete is set to 360 lb/ft3 so that the self weight and gravity loads will be 90 psf. The uniform load is specified as 90 psf in the gravity (-Z) direction.

EXAMPLE 2-006 - 1

Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: REVISION NO.:

SAP2000 8

GEOMETRY AND PROPERTIES

Material Properties E = 432,000,000 lb/ft2 = 0.0 G = 216,000,000 lb/ft2 Section Properties Thickness = 3 in Loading Gravity Load = 90 lb/ft2 (Uniform load on surface area in the Z direction) 36 Sym 29 22 15 8 1 1 Boundary Conditions Simply supported at ends (i.e., along curved edges)
40

43 31 25 19 13 7 2 2 3 8

44 32

Sym 45 46 33 34

47 35

48 36 42 35 49

3 4

4 5

5 6

21 Free 6 7 14

R=

25'

1 - Joint number 1 - Area object number

Z Y X

50'
EXAMPLE 2-006 - 2

28

Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: REVISION NO.:

SAP2000 8

TECHNICAL FEATURES OF SAP2000 TESTED Three-dimensional analysis using shell elements Self weight applied to shell elements Gravity load applied to shell elements Uniform load applied to shell elements RESULTS COMPARISON The SAP2000 results are presented separately for the thin plate option and the thick plate option. The independent result for the vertical deflection at the center of the free edge is published in MacNeal and Harder 1985. The independent results for displacements and bending moments along the support and along the central section are scaled from plotted results provided in Zienkiewicz 1977 that are calculated using theory presented in Scordelis and Lo 1964. Thin Plate Option Vertical Deflection at Center of Free Edge Output Parameter Uz (jt 49) ft SAP2000 -0.3068 Independent -0.3086 Percent Difference -1%

Thin Plate Option Axial Deformations at Support Angle 0 6.67 13.33 20 26.67 33.33 40
*

Output Parameter Uy (jt 1) ft Uy (jt 2) ft Uy (jt 3) ft Uy (jt 4) ft Uy (jt 5) ft Uy (jt 6) ft Uy (jt 7) ft

SAP2000 0.0000 0.0005 0.0018 0.0029 0.0024 -0.0017 -0.0118

Independent* 0.0004 0.0010 0.0021 0.0030 0.0021 -0.0025 -0.0125

Percent Difference** -3% -4% -2% -1% +2% -6% -6%

Independent results are scaled (estimated) from Figure 13.11c on page 350 in Zienkiewicz 1977. ** Percent difference is calculated with respect to the maximum independent value, 0.0125.

EXAMPLE 2-006 - 3

Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: REVISION NO.:

SAP2000 8

Thin Plate Option Twisting Moments at Support Angle 0 6.67 13.33 20 26.67 33.33 40
*

Output Parameter Mxy (jt 1) lb-ft/ft Mxy (jt 2) lb-ft/ft Mxy (jt 3) lb-ft/ft Mxy (jt 4) lb-ft/ft Mxy (jt 5) lb-ft/ft Mxy (jt 6) lb-ft/ft Mxy (jt 7) lb-ft/ft

SAP2000 92 362 703 993 1190 1260 1261

Independent* 0 370 700 990 1210 1310 1280

Percent Difference** +7% -1% 0% 0% -2% -4% -1%

Independent results are scaled (estimated) from Figure 13.12b on page 351 in Zienkiewicz 1977. ** Percent difference is calculated with respect to the maximum independent value, 1310.

Thin Plate Option Vertical Displacement at Central Section Angle 0 6.67 13.33 20 26.67 33.33 40
*

Output Parameter Uz (jt 43) ft Uz (jt 44) ft Uz (jt 45) ft Uz (jt 46) ft Uz (jt 47) ft Uz (jt 48) ft Uz (jt 49) ft

SAP2000 0.046 0.031 -0.013 -0.078 -0.155 -0.234 -0.307

Independent* 0.048 0.028 -0.015 -0.080 -0.157 -0.240 -0.315

Percent Difference** -1% +1% -1% -1% -1% -2% -3%

Independent results are scaled (estimated) from Figure 13.11b on page 350 in Zienkiewicz 1977. ** Percent difference is calculated with respect to the maximum independent value, 0.315.

EXAMPLE 2-006 - 4

Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: REVISION NO.:

SAP2000 8

Thin Plate Option Transverse Moments at Central Section Angle 0 6.67 13.33 20 26.67 33.33 40
*

Output Parameter My (jt 43) lb-ft/ft My (jt 44) lb-ft/ft My (jt 45) lb-ft/ft My (jt 46) lb-ft/ft My (jt 47) lb-ft/ft My (jt 48) lb-ft/ft My (jt 49) lb-ft/ft

SAP2000 -2099 -1978 -1614 -1045 -408 36 0

Independent* -2080 -1980 -1580 -1000 -400 70 -40

Percent Difference** +1% 0% +2% +2% 0% -2% +2%

Independent results are scaled (estimated) from Figure 13.12a on page 351 in Zienkiewicz 1977. ** Percent difference is calculated with respect to the maximum independent value, 2080.

Thin Plate Option Longitudinal Moments at Central Section Angle 0 6.67 13.33 20 26.67 33.33 40
*

Output Parameter Mx (jt 43) lb-ft/ft Mx (jt 44) lb-ft/ft Mx (jt 45) lb-ft/ft Mx (jt 46) lb-ft/ft Mx (jt 47) lb-ft/ft Mx (jt 48) lb-ft/ft Mx (jt 49) lb-ft/ft

SAP2000 -100 -63 37 181 340 502 664

Independent* -100 -90 10 140 300 490 700

Percent Difference** 0% -4% +4% +6% +6% +2% -5%

Independent results are scaled (estimated) from Figure 13.12a on page 351 in Zienkiewicz 1977. ** Percent difference is calculated with respect to the maximum independent value, 700.

EXAMPLE 2-006 - 5

Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: REVISION NO.:

SAP2000 8

Thick Plate Option Vertical Deflection at Center of Free Edge Output Parameter Uz (jt 49) ft SAP2000 -0.3073 Independent* -0.3086 Percent Difference** 0%

Thick Plate Option Axial Deformations at Support Angle 0 6.67 13.33 20 26.67 33.33 40
*

Output Parameter Uy (jt 1) ft Uy (jt 2) ft Uy (jt 3) ft Uy (jt 4) ft Uy (jt 5) ft Uy (jt 6) ft Uy (jt 7) ft

SAP2000 0.0000 0.0005 0.0018 0.0029 0.0024 -0.0017 -0.0118

Independent* 0.0004 0.0010 0.0021 0.0030 0.0021 -0.0025 -0.0125

Percent Difference** -3% -4% -2% -1% +2% -6% -6%

Independent results are scaled (estimated) from Figure 13.11c on page 350 in Zienkiewicz 1977. ** Percent difference is calculated with respect to the maximum independent value, 0.0125.

EXAMPLE 2-006 - 6

Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: REVISION NO.:

SAP2000 8

Thick Plate Option Twisting Moments at Support Angle 0 6.67 13.33 20 26.67 33.33 40
*

Output Parameter Mxy (jt 1) lb-ft/ft Mxy (jt 2) lb-ft/ft Mxy (jt 3) lb-ft/ft Mxy (jt 4) lb-ft/ft Mxy (jt 5) lb-ft/ft Mxy (jt 6) lb-ft/ft Mxy (jt 7) lb-ft/ft

SAP2000 1 362 707 1003 1211 1273 1255

Independent* 0 370 700 990 1210 1310 1280

Percent Difference** 0% -1% +1% +1% 0% -3% -2%

Independent results are scaled (estimated) from Figure 13.12b on page 351 in Zienkiewicz 1977. ** Percent difference is calculated with respect to the maximum independent value, 1310.

Thick Plate Option Vertical Displacement at Central Section Angle 0 6.67 13.33 20 26.67 33.33 40
*

Output Parameter Uz (jt 43) ft Uz (jt 44) ft Uz (jt 45) ft Uz (jt 46) ft Uz (jt 47) ft Uz (jt 48) ft Uz (jt 49) ft

SAP2000 0.046 0.031 -0.013 -0.078 -0.155 -0.234 -0.307

Independent* 0.048 0.028 -0.015 -0.080 -0.157 -0.240 -0.315

Percent Difference** -1% +1% -1% -1% -1% -2% -3%

Independent results are scaled (estimated) from Figure 13.11b on page 350 in Zienkiewicz 1977. ** Percent difference is calculated with respect to the maximum independent value, 0.315.

EXAMPLE 2-006 - 7

Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: REVISION NO.:

SAP2000 8

Thick Plate Option Transverse Moments at Central Section Angle 0 6.67 13.33 20 26.67 33.33 40
*

Output Parameter My (jt 43) lb-ft/ft My (jt 44) lb-ft/ft My (jt 45) lb-ft/ft My (jt 46) lb-ft/ft My (jt 47) lb-ft/ft My (jt 48) lb-ft/ft My (jt 49) lb-ft/ft

SAP2000 -2097 -1976 -1616 -1056 -427 16 88

Independent* -2080 -1980 -1580 -1000 -400 70 -40

Percent Difference** +1% 0% +2% +3% +1% -3% +6%

Independent results are scaled (estimated) from Figure 13.12a on page 351 in Zienkiewicz 1977. ** Percent difference is calculated with respect to the maximum independent value, 2080.

Thick Plate Option Longitudinal Moments at Central Section Angle 0 6.67 13.33 20 26.67 33.33 40
*

Output Parameter Mx (jt 43) lb-ft/ft Mx (jt 44) lb-ft/ft Mx (jt 45) lb-ft/ft Mx (jt 46) lb-ft/ft Mx (jt 47) lb-ft/ft Mx (jt 48) lb-ft/ft Mx (jt 49) lb-ft/ft

SAP2000 -104 -67 33 179 342 510 672

Independent* -100 -90 10 140 300 490 700

Percent Difference** +1% -3% +3% +6% +6% +3% -4%

Independent results are scaled (estimated) from Figure 13.12a on page 351 in Zienkiewicz 1977. ** Percent difference is calculated with respect to the maximum independent value, 700.

EXAMPLE 2-006 - 8

Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: REVISION NO.:

SAP2000 8

COMPUTER FILES: Example 2-006-thick, Example 2-006-thin CONCLUSIONS In general the SAP2000 results for both the thin plate and thick plate options show an acceptable comparison with the independent results. The comparisons with the published theoretical value of the vertical deflection at the center of the free edge have less than a 1% difference. The comparison of the displacements and bending moments along the support and along the central section is good considering that the independent results are scaled from published graphical results. The uniform load on the surface area in the -Z direction is input as a self weight, a gravity load and a uniform load in three different load cases. The results for the three load cases are identical.

EXAMPLE 2-006 - 9