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Collective Behavior
Conditionsfor Collective Behavior
Dynamicsof Collective Behavior
Distinctions Regarding Collective
Behavior
Types of Crowd Behavior
Explanations of Crowd Behavior
MassBehavior
Social Movements
Types of Social
Mo v ement s
Stages in SocialMovements
Social Movement Theories
RelativeDeprivationTheory
Value-Added Theory
Resource MobilizationTheory
SocialConstructionistTheory:
FrameAnalysis
NewSocial Movement Theory
Social Change in the Future
ThePhysical Environment andChange
Population andChange
Technologyand Change
Social Institutions and Change
A FewFinal Thoughts
O
ne ofthe by-products ofhaving grown upalongside the Houston Ship Channel wasverynearlybecoming desensitized to the
vast amountsofpollutants the oil and chemicalindustry poured into East Houston's air andwaterways.Ionce fell in the Ship Channel while
working on a crew that built launching pads foranew supertanker. The resulting kidney infectiontook nine months to heal.I urinated blood forthree weeks.Noone can tell me that the current
state of global consumerism does not impact the
world's climate adversely. To [people] who poohpooh the notion ofglobal warming, I say this:Go
take a swimin the Houston Ship Channel.
-Gram my-winning songwriter and recording artist Rodney
Crowell explaining why he joined the virtual march against
global warming (qtd.in StopGlobalW arming.org, 2006)
ThomsonNO"
Just what you need to know NOW!ThislogosignalswhenThomsonNOW has
online resources availabletohelpyou
study andimprove your grade.See the
f oldoutat thefrontof thistextf orinfor-
mationon howtoaccessThomsonNOW.
W
en I circled the moon and looked back at Earth, my outlook on life and myviewpoint on Earth changed. Youdon't
see Las Vegas,Boston or even New York. Youdon't see boundaries or people. Nowhites, black s,
French, Greeks, Christians orJews. The Earthlooks completely uninhabited, and you know thaton Spaceship Earth, there live over six billionastronauts, all seeking the same things from life.
Key Terms
community 461crude birth rate448
crude death rate 449demographic transition456
demography 446fecundity447
fertility 447gentrification464
humanecology 463
invasion463metropolis462
migration450
Questions for Critical Thinking
1.What impact mightahigh rate of immigration
haveon culture and personalidentityin theUnited
States?2. If youwere designingastudyof growth patterns
for the city where you live (or oneyou know well),
which theoreticalmodel(s) would providethe
most useful framework f oryouranalysis?
The Kendall Companion Website
Supplement your teviewof this chapter by going to
the companion websitetotake one of the tutorial
quizzes, use the flash cardsto master key tetms,and
check outthe many other studyaids you'llfind
mortality 449
populationcomposition451
populationpyramid452
sex ratio 451
succession463
zeropopulation growth456
3.What doyouthink everydaylif einU.S. cities,
suburbs,andruralareas willbelike in2020?
Wherewouldyouprefer tolive?What does your
answer reflectabout the f uture of U.S. cities?
there.You'llalsof indspecial f eatures such asGSS
DataandCensus 2000inf ormation thatwill put
data andresources at your fingertipsto helpyouwith
thatspecialproject or helpyou do some research on
your own.
When viewed in total,Earth is aspaceship just like Apollo. We are allthe crew of Spaceship Earth; and justlike Apollo, the crew must learn tolive and work together.Wemustlearn to manage the resources of this world with newimagination. Thefuture is up to you.
-Jim Lovell, aretired NASAastro-
naut,describing howhis experiencein
space gave him a newperspectiveon envi-
ronmental problemssuch as globalwarm-
ing (qtd.inStopGlobalWarming.org,2006)
A
long with m any otherwell-known persons,Rodney Crowell andJim Lovell are expressing theirconcerns about global warm ingand encouraging others to en-gage in collective behaviortotry to save the planet from seri-ous harm . The term
global warm -
ing
refers to a process thatoccurs when carbon dioxide(produced by cars, factories, andpower plants, am ong other sources) stays in the at-m osphere and acts like a blanket that holds in theheat. Over tim e, global warm ing results in highertem peratures, rises in sea levels, and catastrophicweather such as powerful hurricanes (Revkin,2006). However, global warm ing is not a m ajor con-cern for m ost people, who,when asked on surveysto identify the m ost im portant problem s facing theUnited States, put at the top of their list the war inIraq, econom y and jobs, im m igration, terrorism ,
Environmental activism is a powerful type of social movement that seeks to call public
attention to pressing social concerns such as global warming.Activists often stage
public events such as theoneshown herein an attempt to gain the attention of
political leaders and everyday citizens.
health care, and energy prices. Even when respon-dents m ention environm ental issues as a concern,global warm ing is placed far down the list after thepollution of rivers, lakes,reservoirs, and drinking
water; air pollution; and toxic waste, according to arecent Gallup survey
(New York Times,
2006: W K14).The m essage of the environm ental m ovem ent is thatwe m ust act collectively and im m ediately to reduceglobal warming before havoc com es to the Earth:
Social change is essential.Sociologists define
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