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TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER, About the Author, Navigation
PREFACE
Chapter 1- INTRODUCTION

The Mormon Trail in Historic Perspective
Sketch of Mormon History: 1830-1846
Mormon Beliefs
Growing Interest in the Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail
Name of the Trail
Mormon Motivation
The Perpetual Emigration Fund
Trail Experience in Mormon History
Reading, Interpreting and Protecting Trail Ruts

Chapter 2 - THE TRAIL EXPERIENCE

The Great Trek: General Comments
Points of Departure and Time Periods
Wagons, Draft Animals, Speed of Travel
Communication
Problems of Illness, Stress, Privacy, and Traveling
Routine, Rules, Discipline, Constitutions
Trail Larder
Women Emigrants
Little Emigrants, Children
Indian Relations
Blacks on the Trail
Foreign Mormon Emigrants
Non-Mormons on the Trail
Mormon Interest in the Far West to 1846
Western Travel Accounts Consulted by the Mormons
Western Maps Consulted by the Mormons
Western Travelers Consulted by the Mormons
Mormons and the Environment

Chapter 3 - ACROSS IOWA IN 1846

Leaving Nauvoo
Trek Commences/Difficulties/Skills Learned
Organization Improved
"Come, Come Ye Saints" Composed
Garden Grove Established
Mount Pisgah Established
Council Bluffs Reached

Chapter 4 - COUNCIL BLUFFS AND WINTER QUARTERS: 1846-1847

Council Bluffs General Area
Mormon Camps and Communities
Indian Relations
The Mormon Battalion
Camps West of Missouri River

Cold Spring and Cutler's Park

Winter Quarters
Mormons and Trail-Side Services
Winter Quarters Abandoned

Chapter 5 - THE PIONEER TREK OF 1847

Preparation
Organization
Scientific Instruments and Observations
Staging Ground
1847 Trek Begins
The Trail/Divisions and Topography

Part I, Winter Quarters to Kearney, Nebraska
Part II, Kearney to Fort Laramie
Part III, Fort Laramie to Fort Bridger
Part IV, Fort Bridger to Valley of the Great Salt Lake

Establishment of a Colony and Return to Winter Quarters
Chapter 6 - MORMON EMIGRANTS: 1848-1868
General Comments
Wagon Emigrants, 1848-1860
Canal Boats, Lake Boats, and Riverboats
The Handcart Emigrants, 1856-1860

The Brigham Young Express Company, 1856-1857
Church Team Emigrants, 1860-1868
"Rail and Trail" Pioneers: 1856-1868
Trail Preservation and Marking
Suggestions for Further Research on the Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail

Chapter 7 - HISTORIC SITES ALONG THE MORMON PIONEER NATIONAL HISTORIC TRAIL

Recommendations to the National Register
Illinois
Iowa

Kanesville/Council Bluffs Area
Nebraska

Winter Quarters Area Historic Sites
Wyoming
Utah

APPENDIX A: Maps

1. New York Saints Trail, 1831
2. Zion's Camp Trail, 1834
3. The Fremont-Preuss Map, 1843
4. S.A. Mitchell's New Map of Texas, Oregon, and California, 1846
5. Major S.H. Long's 1823 Map of the Country Drained by the Mississippi
6. Mormon Trail Across Iowa, 1846
7. Mormon Trail Across Nebraska, 1847
8. Mormon Trail Across Wyoming, 1847
9. Mormon Trail In Utah, 1847
10. The Handcart Trail Across Iowa, 1855-1857
11. The Nebraska City Cutoff Trail, 1864-1866
12. The Overland-Bridger Pass Trail, 1862-1868
13. Sketch Map of Council Bluffs-Winter Quarters Area, 1846-1853
14. Sketch Map of Winter Quarters, 1846-1847
15. National Trails System, 1986

APPENDIX B: Documents

1. Bill of Particulars, 1845
2. Mormon Hymn, "Come, Come Ye Saints"
3. Roster of Pioneer Camp, 1847
4. "The Word and Will of the Lord" to Brigham Young, 1847
5. Andrew Jenson's Tabulation of the Number of Mormon Emigrants by Year

APPENDIX C: Biographical Sketches

1. Eliza Roxcy Snow
2. Patty Bartlett Sessions
3. Brigham Young
4. Heber Chase Kimball
5. Parley Parker Pratt
6. Peter Haws
7. John Taylor
8. George Miller
9. William Clayton
10. Orson Pratt
11. Wilford Woodruff

APPENDIX D: Illustrations

1. Bone Mail
2. Eliza Roxcy Snow
3. Patty Bartlett Sessions
4. Brigham Young, 1853
5. 1846 Exodus from Nauvoo
6. Heber C. Kimball, 1853
7. Parley Parker Pratt
8. John Taylor, 1853
9. William Clayton
10. Garden Grove, Iowa
11. Peter Hansen's Drawing of Mount Pisgah, Iowa, 1846
12. Mormon Trail Ruts, Adair County, Iowa
13. Council Bluffs, Iowa, 1853
14. Peter Hansen's Drawing of Cutler's Park, Nebraska, 1846
15. Winter Quarters' Cemetery, Nebraska
16. Orson Pratt
17. Loup River, 1853
18. Win. Clayton's Emigrants' Guide, 1848
19. Sand Hill Trail Ruts, Nebraska
20. Ancient Ruins Bluffs, Nebraska
21. Rebecca Winter's Grave, Nebraska
22. Laramie's Peak, Wyoming
23. Mexican Hill, Wyoming
24. Guernsey Ruts, Wyoming
25. Devil's Gate, Wyoming
26. Martin's Cove Handcart Site, Wyoming
27. Split Rock Ruts, Wyoming
28. Willie's Handcart Site, Wyoming
29. Church Butte, Wyoming
30. Fort Bridger, Wyoming
31. Cache Cave, Utah
32. Mormon Emigrants in Echo Canyon, Utah, 1860
33. Mormon Emigrant Company in Echo Canyon, Utah, 1867
34. Wilford Woodruff
35. Handcart Family

BIBLIOGRAPHY
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Mormon Pioneer
Historic Resource Study
About the Author
In the opening preface to Mormon Pioneer His-
toric Trail, Historic Resource Study, Stanley
B. Kimball notes that his ancestors crossed the
plains, that he personally traveled the trails de-
scribed in the study and that he read 900 pioneer
journals. How he got to that point is a remark-
able story that helps put the study in context and
better connects us to the pioneers that crossed
the Mormon Trail.
A grandson of J. Golden
Kimball by marriage and a great
great grandson of Heber C. Kim-
ball, Stanley B. Kimball, Ph.D.
is remembered as a remarkable
teacher, author, Mormon Church
historian and a champion of
Western pioneer trails.
Kimball was born in Farming-
ton, Utah where he was raised by
his grandparents. A mission for
the Church to Czechoslovakia
in 1948 eventually led him to a
doctorate degree in Eastern European history
from Columbia University.
From Columbia he accepted a teaching posi-
tion at Southern Illinois University where he
stayed for the next forty years. Along with East-
ern European studies, Kimball became interested
in then an expert in the history of the Mormons
in Illinois.
Early in his career he compiled a
registry totaling 105 rolls worth of mi-
cro\ue000lm documenting every known pri-
mary source connected with the history
of the Mormons in Illinois. The registry
is widely used by historians interested
in the subject today.
When the opportunity came along in
the early 1970s, Kimball wrote Heber C.
Kimball, Patriarch and Pioneer, consid-
ered the de\ue000nitive biography of his great
great grandfather, Heber C. Kimball,
who served as Brigham Young\u2019s \ue000rst
counselor. The biography was followed
Author, historian and cham-
pion of lost trails, Stanley, B.
Kimball, Ph.D.
by On the Potter\u2019s Wheel: The Diaries of Heber
C. Kimball.
When a cousin purchased the Heber C. Kim-
ball home in Nauvoo, Illinois as a summer home,
Stanley Kimball served as resident historian in
restoring and maintaining the structure. Eventu-
ally so many tourists wanted to stop and see the
home, however, that the building was deeded
over to the Church, forming the seed for what is
now Nauvoo Restoration Incorporated.
Kimball spent years researching Nauvoo and
the Nauvoo Temple, writing a series of articles
written for the Improvement Era magazine along
the way. Together with an architect he recreated
the plans of the temple in such detail and with
such accuracy that the designers of the new
Nauvoo Temple consulted Kimball\u2019s drawings
in their plans.
From the moment Stanley B. Kimball and his
family moved to Illinois in the late 1950s, he
began exploring local Church history sites and
trails used by the pioneers. Describing his great
fondness for exploring pioneer trails he said, \u201cTo
me, the trail was like a linear temple and it was
just a marvelous experience to be out there with
the power of place and the spirit of locale.\u201d In
1965 he wrote his \ue000rst book on Mormon trails,
Guide to Historic Mormon America which is still
in print today.
Ten years later when the US Department of
the Interior came to the Mormon Church wanting
to do a study of the entire Mormon Trail, they
recommended Stanley B. Kimball. When the
National Park Service took over responsiblity
for the trail they published this study as a primer
on the Mormon Trail for public use, putting it in
the public domain.
Stanley B. Kimball passed away in 2003.
NAVIGATION

Because this presentation of Dr. Kimball\u2019s study is adapted from a web site with very long pages the presentation is more like a web site with very long pages and less like a book. But all is not lost. Here are some suggestions for navigating the study with grace and efficiency.

\u2022
\u2022
\u2022
\u2022
Mormon
Pioneer
\ue000ational
Historic
\ue001rail
Historic
Resource Study
by
Stanley B. Kimball, Ph.D.
May 1991
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Scrolling
Because the
main pages
are very long,
you can end
up scrolling
up and down

a lot. Move up
and down by
clicking the

system scroll
bars or by us-
ing the scroll
wheel on your
m ouse.

You can also simply click- drag the

cursor tool on

the page and pull the page up or down.

\u2022 Hyperlinks
Like navigating around a
website, click on hyperlinks
underlined in blue to go to
related linked items. The
table of contents is linked to
the rest of the book in this
fashion.
\u2022 Go Back bar

Similar to clicking the Back button on a web page, once you click on a linked item in this study you can return to where you were by clicking on the light green bar on the right side of each page. Because this takes you

back to the previousv i e w \u2014which is not

necessarily the previous page\u2014it may take several clicks on the green bar to get back to where you were.

\u2022 Table of
contents
bar
Along the left
side of each
page is a
beige-colored
bar contain-
ing a \ue000yout
menu to ev-
ery page in
the project.
Click on the
\ue000yout menu
and choose
a topic to go
there. The
Table of Con-
tents is as
close as the
left side of
every page.
\u2022 Table of Contents
Just like in a book, the table of contents
gives you a visual map of the project
and an easy way to fnd topics you

might be interested in. Unlike a book,
however, all the entries in this table of
contents are linked to the sections they

represent.
\u2022 Go Back button
When you click on a link that takes you to a

longer passage, a button at the end of the passage will return you to the starting link. The green bar works well for photos, maps and short text passages.

Click here
to begin
\ue000
of 00

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