VACCINATION
DEFINITION
•
.
Imunisasi adalah proses yang menginduksi imunitas terhadap penyakit spesifik
•
:
Imunitas dapat diinduksi secara
1.
Pasif
dengan administrasi preparasi yang mengandung antibodi
2.
Aktif
−
Dengan pemberian vaksin
−
=
Vaksin sebagian atau seluruh mikroorganisme yang inaktif yang diberikan
.
unutk mencegah penyakit infeksi
−
:
Dapat mengandung
)
a
( )
Seluruh mikroorganisme inaktif polio dan hepatitis A
)
b
( , , )
Sebagian mikroorganisme acelullar pertussis HPV HepB
)
c
(, )
Kapsul polisakarida pneumococcal meningococcal
)
d
(,
Kapsul polisakarida yang dikonjugasikan dengan protein carrier Hib
, )
pneumococcal meningococcal
)
e
(, , ,
Mikroorganisme hidup yang dilemahkan MMR Varicella Rotavirus
)
Infulenza
)
f
-> ,
Toxoid toxin bakteri yang dibuat menjadi nontoxic tapi tetap bisa
(, )
menginduksi imunitas tetanus diphteri
PURPOSE
.
Untuk memberi kekebalan terhadap bayi Berikut beberapa penyakit yang bisa
:
didapatkan imunitasnya oleh bayi setelah melakukan vaksinasi
HepB
:
,
hepatitis B a serious liver disease
DTaP
:
, (),
diphtheria tetanus lockjaw and pertussi
s
( )
whooping cough
PCV
:
, ,
pneumococcal conjugate vaccine protects against a serious blood lung
and brain infection
Hib
:
Haemophilus influenzae
, , ,
type b a serious brain throat and blood
infection
Polio
:
,
polio a serious paralyzing disease
RV
:
,
rotavirus infection a serious diarrheal disease
Influenza
:
a serious lung infection
MMR
:
, ,
measles mumps and rubella
HepA
:
,
hepatitis A a serious liver disease
Chickenpox
:
also called varicella
ADMINISTRATION
•
, , , ,
Intramuskular Subkutan intradermal intranasal oral
•
Vaksin diberikan di area tempat respon yang diharapkan bisa tercapai
, ,
maksimal dan tempat terjadinya kerusakan jaringan saraf dan vaskular ynag
,
minimal selain itu sesuai dengan komposisi vaksin yang akan diberikan dan
.
imunogenitasnya
•
Penyuntikan intramuskular dianjurkan jika penyuntikan subkutan atau
, , ,
intradermal menimbulka iritasi indurasi perubahan warna kulit peradangan
.
serta granuloma Resiko pemberian subkutan pada jaringan neurovaskular lebih
, - .
jarang non reaktogenik dan cukup imunogenik
•
.
Rute pemberian mempengaruhi kecepatan dan respon imun terhadap vaksin
1. ().
Hepatitis B vaccine HepB
( : )
inimumagebirth
:
tbirth
•
.
Administer monovalent HepB to all newborns before hospital discharge
•
()-,
If mother is hepatitis B surface antigen HBsAg positive administer HepB and
0.5 () 12 .
mL of hepatitis B immune globulin HBIG within hours of birth
•
’ , 12 .
If mothers HBsAg status is unknown administer HepB within hours of birth
’ , -,
Determine mothers HBsAg status as soon as possible and if HBsAg positive
( 1 ).
administer HBIG no later than age week
:
fterthebirthdose
•
The HepB series should be completed with either monovalent HepB or a
.
combination vaccine containing HepB The second dose should be administered
1 2 .
at age or months The final dose should be administered no earlier than
24 .
age weeks•
-
Infants born to HBsAg positive mothers should be tested for HBsAg and
(-) 3
antibody to HBsAg anti HBs after completion of at least doses of the HepB
, 9 18 ( - ).
series at age through months generally at the next well child visit
4- :
onthdose
•
4
Administration of doses of HepB to infants is permissible when combination
.
vaccines containing HepB are administered after the birth dose
2. ().
Rotavirus vaccine RV
( : 6 )
inimumageweeks
•
6 14 ( : 14 6
Administer the first dose at age through weeks maximum age weeks
). 15
days Vaccination should not be initiated for infants aged weeks or older
(.., 15 0 ).
ie weeks days or older•
8 0 .
Administer the final dose in the series by age months days•
® 2 4 , 6
If Rotarix is administered at ages and months a dose at months is not
.
indicated
3.
Diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine
().
DTaP
( : 6 )
inimumageweeks
•
12 ,
The fourth dose may be administered as early as age months provided at
6 .
least months have elapsed since the third dose
•
4 6 .
Administer the final dose in the series at age through years
4.
Haemophilus influenzae
().
type b conjugate vaccine Hib
(
Minimum
: 6 )
geweeks
•
- (® ® [-]) 2
If PRP OMP PedvaxHIB or Comvax HepB Hib is administered at ages
4 , 6 .
and months a dose at age months is not indicated•
® (/) 2, 4, 6
TriHiBit DTaP Hib should not be used for doses at ages or months but
12 .
can be used as the final dose in children aged months or older
5. .
Pneumococcal vaccine
( : 6
inimumageweeksforpneumococcal
[]; 2
onjugatevaccinePCVyearsforpneumococcalpolysaccharide
[])
accinePPSV
•
5 . 1
PCV is recommended for all children aged younger than years Administer
24 59
dose of PCV to all healthy children aged through months who are not
.
completely vaccinated for their age
•
2
Administer PPSV to children aged years or older with certain underlying
(
medical conditions see
MMWR
2000;49[. -9]), .
No RR including a cochlear implant
6.
Influenza vaccine
.
( : 6
inimumagemonthsfortrivalentinactivated
[]; 2 ,
nfluenzavaccineTIVyearsforliveattenuatedinfluenzavaccine
[])
AIV
•
6 18 .
Administer annually to children aged months through years•
(..,
For healthy nonpregnant persons ie those who do not have underlying
) 2
medical conditions that predispose them to influenza complications aged
49 , .
through years either LAIV or TIV may be used•
0.25 6 35
Children receiving TIV should receive mL if aged through months or
0.5 3 .
mL if aged years or older•
2 ( 4 )
Administer doses separated by at least weeks to children aged younger
9
than years who are receiving influenza vaccine for the first time or who were
vaccinated for the first time during the previous influenza season but only
1 .
received dose
7. , , ().
Measles mumps and rubella vaccine MMR
( : 12
inimumage
)
onths
•
4 6 . ,
Administer the second dose at age through years However the second
4, 28
dose may be administered before age provided at least days have
.
elapsed since the first dose
8. .
Varicella vaccine
( : 12 )
inimumagemonths
•
4 6 . ,
Administer the second dose at age through years However the second
4, 3
dose may be administered before age provided at least months have
.
elapsed since the first dose•
12 12
For children aged months through years the minimum interval between
3 . , 28
doses is months However if the second dose was administered at least
, .
days after the first dose it can be accepted as valid
9. ().
Hepatitis A vaccine HepA
( : 12 )
inimumagemonths
•
1 (.., 12 23 ).
Administer to all children aged year ie aged through months
2 6 .
Administer doses at least months apart•
2
Children not fully vaccinated by age years can be vaccinated at subsequent
.
visits
•
1
HepA also is recommended for children older than year who live in areas
where vaccination programs target older children or who are at increased risk
.
of infection See
MMWR
2006;55(. -7).
No RR
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