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AJAX = Asynchronous JavaScript and XML
AJAX uses the following web standards:
•
JavaScript
•
XML
•
HTML
•
CSSAJAX applications are browser- and platform-independent.
Asynchronous JavaScript + XML
is not a new technology or a new programminglanguage It is a term coined in 2005 by Jesse James Garrett, which describes a "new"approach to using a number of existing technologies together, including: HTML or XHTML, Cascading Style Sheets, JavaScript, The Document Object Model, XML,XSLT, and the XMLHttpRequest object. It is a new technique for creating better, faster,and more interactive web applications.When these technologies are combined in the AJAX model, web applications are able tomake quick, incremental updates to the user interface without reloading the entire browser page. This makes the application faster and more responsive to user actions.With AJAX, a JavaScript can communicate directly with the server, with the
XMLHttpRequest
object. With this object, a JavaScript can trade data with a webserver, without reloading the page.AJAX uses asynchronous data transfer (HTTP requests) between the browser and theweb server, allowing web pages to request small bits of information from the server instead of whole pages.The AJAX technique makes Internet applications smaller, faster and more user-friendly.
AJAX is about better Internet-applications
Internet-applications have many benefits over desktop applications; they can reach alarger audience, they are easier to install and support, and easier to develop.However, Internet-applications are not always as "rich" and user-friendly as traditionaldesktop applications and most Web applications are slow and tedious.In the traditional Web application, the interaction between the customer and the server goes like this:1.Customer accesses Web application
 
2.Server processes request and sends data to the browser while the customer waits3.Customer clicks on a link or interacts with the application4.Server processes request and sends data back to the browser while the customer waits5.etc....There is a lot of customer waiting. It’s a model adapted from the Web’s original use as ahypertext medium.
How Ajax is Different
An Ajax application eliminates the start-stop-start-stop nature of interaction on the Web by introducing an intermediary — an Ajax engine — between the user and the server.Instead of loading a webpage, at the start of the session, the browser loads an Ajax engine — written in JavaScript and usually tucked away in a hidden frame. This engine isresponsible for both rendering the interface the user sees and communicating with theserver on the user’s behalf. The Ajax engine allows the user’s interaction with theapplication to happen asynchronously — independent of communication with the server.So the user is never staring at a blank browser window and an hourglass icon, waitingaround for the server to do something.
Ajax Acts as an Intermediary
The Ajax engine works within the Web browser (through JavaScript and the DOM) torender the Web application and handle any requests that the customer might have of theWeb server. The beauty of it is that because the Ajax engine is handling the requests, itcan hold most information in the engine itself, while allowing the interaction with theapplication and the customer to happen asynchronously and independently of anyinteraction with the server.
Asynchronous
This is the key. In standard Web applications, the interaction between the customer andthe server is synchronous. This means that one has to happen after the other. If a customer clicks a link, the request is sent to the server, which then sends the results back.With Ajax, the JavaScript that is loaded when the page loads handles most of the basictasks such as data validation and manipulation, as well as display rendering the Ajaxengine handles without a trip to the server. At the same time that it is making displaychanges for the customer, it is sending data back and forth to the server. But the datatransfer is not dependent upon actions of the customer.Some of the real time examples of Ajax areTake a look at Google
Suggest/GMail
. Watch the way the suggested terms update as youtype, almost instantly. Now look at Google Maps.,Yahoo Maps and Windows Live Local
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